1840Indian rebirth

Then, the two people opened the note and saw that it was written with the same person's name:

"Kano."

"Professor Thomson, it seems we have the same view." Mashao said with a smile.

Thomson was surprised at first, then smiled and said: "Yes, or in other words - we are all followers of Kano."

For future generations of physics students, the Carnot cycle is destined to be an unforgettable memory. Its proposer, Sadi Carnot, is undoubtedly the most important early founder of thermodynamics.

In fact, more than 20 years ago, this young French officer gave an estimate of absolute zero, which was close to the truth.

If Carnot had not died young, thermodynamics would have been formally established ten or even twenty years earlier. The cause of his death was cholera, which caused his relics, including a large amount of research materials, to be burned.

Development suffered setbacks as a result.

Of course, although the death of such a genius delayed the development of thermodynamics, it did not stop it.

In the year Kelvin was born, Carnot published his thoughts on absolute zero.

Just more than ten years after Carnot's death, the young Kelvin took over this mission and formally proposed the absolute temperature scale.

Now, there is no doubt that the time traveler's horse whistle will be involved.

"To design a temperature scale, you first need to establish its zero point." Ma Shao said slowly, "For a scientific temperature scale, its zero point should be the lowest temperature in nature, absolute zero."

"...Sadi Carnot's work in 1824 has set a good example for us. Based on his work, we should go one step further and design a real 'absolute temperature scale', or a 'thermodynamic temperature scale'.

"

Thomson was convinced: "Yes, your and Joule's paper has actually well revealed the necessity of the birth of this temperature scale."

"You said in your paper that 'the essence of temperature is the average kinetic energy of molecules...', I think the thermodynamic temperature scale is already here."

Now Thomson was completely convinced that the Indian in front of him was indeed the author of the paper, a physicist with rare talents.

He even had a vague feeling that Ma Shao had a much deeper understanding of thermodynamics and even physics as a whole than he did.

Of course, Thomson ultimately denied this vague feeling - because he did not believe that anyone could understand physics far better than himself, even some condescending old guys in the academy.

But in any case, it is indeed miraculous that an Indian, who is regarded as a savage in the public mind, has such a level of attainments in physics.

No wonder Joule was full of praise for the horse whistle in his letter, and even whistled at the Indians.

"It's much easier for us to establish an absolute temperature scale." Thomson said, pulling out a journal from the stack of books. "We now have exact experimental data."

Ma Shao: "Is it the data published by Professor Victor Regno last year?"

"It seems that you have also read that paper." Thomson nodded and turned the journal in his hand to one of the pages. "In fact, the author, Mr. Regno, is one of my mentors. I went to France three years ago.

At that time, I spent some time in his laboratory and he benefited me a lot.”

The two read the experimental data published by Regno in this journal and discussed it for a long time.

"...According to Mr. Regno's data, we can conclude that absolute zero should be -273 degrees Celsius." Ma Shao said.

Thomson: "Yes, -273 degrees Celsius, the limit of gas compression."

The origin of absolute zero is the limit of gas compression. It was found that when the pressure is constant, the lower the gas temperature, the smaller the volume will be.

Then a natural idea was born. When the volume of a gas is compressed to close to zero, the temperature at this time should be the lowest temperature in nature. After all, the volume cannot be a negative number.

Of course, this idea still has flaws, and it was not considered complete until the formulation of Nernst's theorem in the early 20th century.

More profound mathematical proofs are a matter of the 21st century.

For this era, things like Nernst's theorem are too early. Mashao now only needs to follow the ideas of Carnot and other predecessors, take out the absolute temperature scale, and then do some minor repairs.

"Oh, sorry, I seem to have a class coming up. I have to go teach the students first." Thomson and Ma Shao discussed for several hours until they were surprised to realize that there were still teaching tasks to be completed. They glanced at the time and hurriedly

He stood up and said.

Ma Shao nodded: "Class is more important, I understand."

"You seem to be a teacher too?" Thomson said.

Ma Shao: "I am the chief of the tribe. I not only have to lead the people to defend their homeland, but I also need to tell them this knowledge."

"This sounds... really interesting. Let's continue talking after the class is over." Thomson quickly imagined the scene of the horse whistle teaching physics to many Indians wearing feathers, and then walked out with the handout.

office.

After Thomson left, it was not easy for the horse whistler to wander around.

Although this place is a university, it is not much more civilized than the city. He goes out and wanders around with a yellow face. If he encounters people like McIntosh again, it will be unnecessary trouble.

So he simply wrote a paper, and the title directly plagiarized Kelvin's original work "On an Absolute Temperature Scale" in history, and the content was naturally the same as the title.

Since Ma Shao had already written an entire volume of "Thermodynamics" in advance, he hardly needed to think about the content of this paper and could write quickly.

There were only a few references to Kelvin that required a pause, and he disguised the paper as the result of a discussion between him and Kelvin.

He did not intend to monopolize it, he even put Kelvin's name before his own.

After all, in his opinion, this was not a very important paper. In contrast, he needed to rely on Kelvin's influence.

Thomson finished his teaching work for the day. When he returned to the office, he saw Ma Shao looking at a few pages of manuscripts.

"What is this?" he asked casually.

Ma Shao: "I wrote our previous discussion into a paper, please see if there is anything wrong."

Thomson was stunned for a moment, then took the manuscript and read it for a moment. He couldn't help but said in surprise: "This, you wrote this in two classes?"

"Yeah, what's wrong?" Ma Shao didn't seem to care.

Thomson was silent for a moment: "Have you always written articles so fast?"

As a recognized genius and the youngest physics professor at the University of Glasgow, he was already writing papers very quickly. Colleagues were often amazed by his quick thinking, and he was always proud of it.

Until now...

Although the article is not long, it is a thesis after all, and it is really incredible that it only took about two classes to complete.

Thomson felt that the speed of copying an article was no more than that.