Alien Lord

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When the refugees in Qingzhou were still refugees, they didn't pay much attention to blacksmiths. At that time, the refugees only cared about money and venting their desires.

However, after the refugees became rebels, the ambitions in the hearts of the refugees became stronger. They wanted to fight for the world. Therefore, the rebels in Qingzhou also attached great importance to people like Gao Yan who had extremely high iron-making skills.

If you want to fight, you cannot do without weapons, and if you want weapons, you must have a lot of iron, and if you want iron, you must have an iron-making master. Therefore, with Gao Yan's iron-making technology, there is absolutely no need to worry about life. of.

However, Gao Yan is very clear that Qingzhou will definitely be in turmoil in the future, and the imperial court will definitely send a large army to suppress the rebellion here. At that time, people like Gao Yan who smelt iron for the rebel army will be in danger.

Gao Yan is very clear that Qingzhou will definitely be in turmoil in the future, and the imperial court will definitely send a large army to suppress the rebellion here. At that time, Qingzhou will definitely be full of wars. People are in danger.

For the rebels, Gao Yan is indeed a talent for making iron, but for the imperial court, there are many talents like him in the imperial court, so it is not rare at all. Therefore, once the rebel army fails, Gao Yan will It is conceivable what will happen.

In addition, at the beginning, when those rebels were still mobs, they killed innocent people in Qingzhou. They directly killed Qingzhou and blood flowed into rivers. In the middle, it was inevitable that some relatives of Gao Yan were also killed by the mob.

Therefore, whether it was to avoid being held accountable by the imperial army or not to serve the mob who killed his relatives, Gao Yan took his family and left Qingzhou without hesitation, and finally, he gradually became a refugee.

This time, because Lin Ze wanted to build a steel factory, he directly recruited people who knew how to make iron from among the refugees.

Gao Yan could see how Lin Ze treated the refugees, so he immediately signed up. In the end, with his superb iron-making technology, he directly became the director of the iron-making factory.

Even Shen Lian, who was valued by Lin Ze, couldn't compete with Gao Yan.

"Wednesday, what are you doing with such a thick wooden stick? Can it burn through?! Hurry up and saw it open! Really, such a thing can't be done well!"

"Remember, put all the twigs down, and then sprinkle some coal powder on top, so that the fire will be easier and the speed will be faster!"

Gao Yan kept pointing and teaching the apprentices around him how to make good charcoal.

Many people think that it is easy to smelt wood into charcoal, and just burn the wood directly, isn't it all right?

Ha ha, if you really think so, then you are wrong!

Yes, after lighting the wood, one can get charcoal, but such charcoal can only be used for heating at most, and cannot be used to make steel at all.

If you want to make real charcoal that can make steel, first you have to build a kiln for burning charcoal, and then move the wood into the kiln.

After everything is placed, light the fire directly at the burner on the first floor, and use the flame on the first floor to roast the wood in the kiln on the second floor. Note that it is roasting, not burning.

The moisture in the wood on the second floor was constantly steaming due to the flames on the first floor, and mixed with other volatiles to form cold gray smoke.

Note that because the temperature here is not very high, the smoke does not rise up after it emerges from the chimney, but spreads flat along the ground.

As the temperature gradually rises, the coal and thin wood on the first floor have been burned, and the wood in the kiln on the second floor begins to oxidize itself.

If you have a pair of see-through eyes at this time, you can clearly see that the thermal decomposition reaction of wood materials,

Its composition began to change.

The unstable components, such as the hemicellulose in the wood, begin to biodegrade gradually, directly producing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of acetic acid.

These substances are directly discharged out of the kiln along with the smoke.

The heat generated by the decomposition of the wood on the second floor gradually pushed the temperature inside the kiln to the highest point, about 400 degrees Celsius. At this time, the wood materials in the kiln were thermally decomposed rapidly, and the surface of the wood gradually became viscous and oily. Objects flow out.

These substances are large quantities of acetic acid, methanol and wood tar produced by the reaction.

Next, from time to time, a bubble will pop up on the surface of the wood. This is flammable gases such as methane and ethylene. They burn slowly in the oxygen-deficient environment in the furnace to release heat and maintain the temperature of the kiln.

After arriving here, people outside can actually leave here to do other things. Anyway, the wood in the kiln will react slowly by itself, and there is no need for human intervention in the middle.

Finally, depending on the humidity and thickness of the wood in the kiln, it will be ready to leave the kiln after 12-24 hours.

When preparing to leave the kiln, the chimney on the top of the kiln must be blocked first, because the chimney of the kiln is very small, and the reaction in the kiln is in a very anoxic environment. This completely blocks the source of oxygen, and the kiln The oxidation reaction in the kiln will gradually stop, and finally, the kiln temperature will gradually decrease.

If you need it urgently, you can start the kiln earlier at this time, and then pour water on the charcoal; if you don’t need it urgently, you can wait for it to cool naturally in the kiln to below 100 degrees Celsius, and then start the kiln to get the charcoal.

In this way, high-quality charcoal that can be used for smelting iron materials was burned.

The charcoal burned in this way has extremely high carbon content, low phosphorus, sulfur and other impurities, strong reducibility, and a loose and porous structure, which is better than coke in blast furnace ironmaking.

However, the cost of refining charcoal is much higher than that of coke. In industrial production, such a high-cost refining method is not applicable at all, so, gradually, coke has replaced charcoal.

However, now Lin Ze has not started to smelt steel on a large scale, so it is not a problem to use these charcoal instead for the time being.

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One hundred meters away from the charcoal kiln, there are five 15 to 6-meter-high buildings. These buildings are blast furnaces, which are used to make steel.

These five blast furnaces were built by Lin Ze himself with Gao Yan and Shen Lian.

Lin Ze has never built a blast furnace before. The only thing he has is some information about blast furnaces on the earth. However, Gao Yan has enough experience in building blast furnaces, and Shen Lian also has some, so Lin Ze was able to build it within a week. Five blast furnaces were built.

Of course, because of Lin Ze's participation, these blast furnaces have undergone some changes compared to the current blast furnaces in Chu State.

The first blast furnace in front of the head has a wide belly and a gradually narrowing neck. It looks a bit like a high vase in Jingdezhen. It stands not far from the bank of the Xisha River in the steel plant.

This place is a sedimentary rock, and the ground is very solid. Even if there is an earthquake, the safety of the blast furnace can be guaranteed. That's why Lin Ze chose to build a steelmaking plant here.

When it comes to blast furnaces, many people think that this is a high-tech thing that only appeared in modern times, and ordinary people don't know it at all.

If you really think so, you are wrong!

Because the blast furnace has been understood very early.

As for when it arrived earlier, it was specifically recorded in the Western Han Dynasty.

Cast iron was unearthed in the ancient Chinese cultural relics in the 5th century BC, which shows that smelting has been practical in this era. The inner wall of the initial furnace was covered with clay, which was used to extract phosphorous iron ore.

Therefore, if any traveler really wants to return to the Han Dynasty or the dynasties after the Han Dynasty, and then wants to make the first pot of gold through "Ming" blast furnace ironmaking, I believe he will be pissed to death, because the blast furnace ironmaking In fact, it has already been popularized.

Not to mention other things, it is clearly recorded in history that during the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial military supervisor set up blast furnaces on both sides of the Bian River, and the red light of ironmaking reflected the sun, day and night.

During the peak period of production, the annual steel output in North China alone reached 150,000 tons;

You must know that the so-called empire on which the sun never sets did not reach an annual steel output of 76,000 tons until seven hundred years later, when it had already started the industrial revolution.

During the entire Song Dynasty, including the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, the land area was small, and including the unfavorable factors that destroyed production during the war, it was able to reach an average annual steel output of 35,000 to 70,000 tons. It can be seen that Huaxia Ironmaking at that time Advanced technology.

Unfortunately, alas

The construction of a blast furnace is not complicated, and even ordinary people can actually build it.

For example, at the end of the 1950s in modern China, the people of the whole country were called on to make steel, and even some primary school students, villagers from production teams, and salespersons in grocery stores formed iron-making groups to build blast furnaces to make steel and iron.

Although the technical level of these blast furnaces is not high, at least they have indeed established blast furnaces, which can theoretically make iron.

Of course, in the end, because the technology is not mastered, most of them are nothing.

However, there are still some successes. Therefore, the manufacture of blast furnaces is not difficult. What is difficult is the technology and formula of ironmaking.

The first blast furnace built by Lin Ze is about fifteen or six meters high, and the volume of the blast furnace is about 15 cubic meters. This kind of blast furnace is larger than any other blast furnace here in Chu State. Eleventh century, huh, huh. , that's a joke!