bloom america

"Stem cells and immune cells are cells with biological memory. When the environment surrounding the cells changes temporarily, the stem cells or immune cells will undergo permanent changes. Environmental changes lead to permanent changes in cell behavior, which can help stem cells differentiate into various forms.

Tissue cells and help immune cells remember pathogens.”

Hayfrick put down the book in his hand, and then looked at Catherine

"To put it simply, cellular memory is activated by a positive feedback loop. The feedback loop is composed of internal signals and can be continuously activated by itself. For example, when cells divide, for synthetic biology, we can recreate simple feedback loops, genetic feedback

After receiving stimulation from the signal, the circuit

is activated and continues continuously, chemical signals play an important role in the circuit. A few years ago, in the laboratory, David Dubin and Caroline Aho Franklin synthesized a genetic device in yeast that made

Yeast begins to grow on its own in the presence of half-sugar medium."

Compared to Jenny, Hayfrick uses a more professional

But fortunately, Catherine seems to be... almost able to understand now.

"They used genetic engineering technology to add artificial switches to yeast. When the yeast cells encounter hemiruose, an artificial genetic sequence will connect to a red fluorescent protein and activate a positive feedback loop. When the positive feedback loop is activated,

It will start to express a yellow fluorescent protein, and then in turn activate the feedback loop, prompting the yeast to permanently activate this positive feedback loop."

"So what then?"

"We may be able to achieve our repair goals without repair proteins or replacement proteins... and studying this activation is just the beginning."

Hayfrick speaks very seriously

"In fact, we don't need to know whether the yeast cells have encountered hemiru sugar. As long as there are synthetic molecular components, we can open a feedback loop and activate the cells to complete the tasks we set. Sometimes there are even some complex multiple feedback loop behaviors.

, these all depend on the development of cell biology."

To put it bluntly, this kind of research would not be so fast if there were no alternating proteins to open the way ahead.

"Almost all cells will have some biological behaviors activated in a hemiglucose environment... However, in a natural state, such as when there are a large number of microorganisms in the human body's tissues or around the environment, the cells will react differently when exposed to radiation or

When carcinogens damage some cells in tissue cells, they will mutate and produce

Various organisms with stronger cellular stress responses to repair themselves, even cells of single-celled organisms, have the ability to repair DNA. This helps us understand the evolution of cancer diseases because when DNA mutations may affect cells, they may lead to cell damage.

Uncontrolled replication—a hallmark of cancer cells."

Hayfrick gave the data to Katherine

Well... of course Katherine is totally over it.

"While the experiment was ongoing, I used synthetic cellular memory to observe the memory process in yeast cells with significant DNA damage, and to study how they differed from surrounding cells that had not undergone mutations. I modified artificial genetic elements in the yeast cells.

, the elements that were originally activated in the hemirugar environment are inactivated by the hemirugar. Only when DNA is damaged - such as radiation or chemical damage - will the

When I put the yeast into es, a chemical that can cause DNA damage, the artificial feedback loop was activated. Then, again, I saw a similar reaction to the previous one:

When carcinogens come into contact with yeast cells, red fluorescence appears for a short period of time and then yellow fluorescence appears for several days. Moreover, I also found yellow fluorescence in the progeny of the yeast cells."

Although Hayfrick explained a series of names to Catherine, it was a pity that Catherine still couldn't understand

"what does that mean?"

Catherine hesitated to ask

"A change, quite cool change"

Even if this experiment is cool, it is for our outsiders ... does it mean to?

Hayfrick seemed to realize that the respectful Miss Catherine seemed to be able to listen to these plays. He smiled awkwardly, and then continued: "This is a pretty and cool experiment, but what is really more interesting is to study cells to study cells

How to distinguish the DNA damage category because memory cells can emit fluorescence, so I can use the method of activating fluorescence to screen the cells. The cells without luminescence indicate that the cells without mutation and glowing indicate that the mutation has occurred. "

"The difference between non -glowing cells is not much different from cells without mutation, and fluorescent cells grow slowly and have different degrees of mutations. When the cells enter the division period and continue to reproduce, the cell group will always be close to a low mutation rate-

Even without the intervention of carcinogens -the DNA copy number of cells will be mixed. We can analyze random mutations by calculating. Random mutations refer to an abnormal behavior after one billionth cells are mutated. "

With the application of the computer, the current biological science has also been developed. Computer is a accelerator for scientific development. This sentence is right at all

"We found that even after the mutchor is removed, even if the yeast is constantly split until multiple generations, remember that the fluorescent protein of ES still maintains a low mutation rate to remember the DNA damage.

The reaction repair mutation DNA, so it still maintains a low rate of low mutation ... "

Heifrik said with emotion: "In natural circumstances, the response to poisonous stimulation is often difficult to detect. Only artificial memory cells can be observed -it is like our fluorescence, especially the growth rate of memory cells is very very very very very very much.

Low, it will gradually be diluted by normal cells, which allows us to better understand the ability of memory ... But even so, biological memory function far exceeds our imagination "

At this time, Catherine's brain is chaotic

"Then, we started to do this situation ..."

"--etc!"

Catherine stopped Hayfrik who wanted to continue

"Let me ignore it ... you mean ... oh, probably, there is probably a stem cell in our human body ... uh ... memory function?"

"Not just stem cells, it is all cells, stem cells are what I want to say below, we will be likely to achieve a therapy similar to repairing protein function through this cell."

I don’t understand when I hear half of it.

"You can understand this ... Our cells have memory ability, and then this magical biological memory function can maintain our human health embryo stem cells and induces multi -function stem cells that can be converted into any type of cells. They have potential transformation

Cells that need to be cured, but they may also have harmful variation. If we can make good use of this ability to identify this memory recognition, we can develop everything to the good "

Missing protein and repair protein probably have this ability, but this is just Catherine’s guess.

This point, Catherine knows some

After studying the change of protein, Heifrik wanted to synthesize an existence similar to repairing protein or changing protein

Because the source of this kind of protein is too small

If you can synthesize it by manual methods, this will be a great change and the appearance of "S protein".

But in the following experiments, Hayfrick has almost no progress

Later, Hayfrik changed a way -why must you pursue the same? As long as the function is the same, it is fine

It is precisely because of this change that Hayfrek combines his own old industry and started research on genetic engineering.

Edit human gene sequence, so as to correct genetic mutations in stem cells -this method combines stem cell therapy and genetic correction

And this is what Heifrik is researching

"In the previous experiments, we combined with gene editing technology to modify the genetic mutations of the patients themselves by themselves, and amended a genetic mutation in the cell in patients with metabolic Xing liver disease" "

Re -adjust the people's own cells, cure platinum instead of organ transplantation or drug treatment or other surgery

But as Hyfrek said before, changes in stem cells may be beneficial, but it may also be harmful

However, because of the memory and recognition ability, as long as it can make the cells "distinguish", this is completely practical

"Of course, inducing multifunctional stem cells is the same as the owner's other cells, and has the same genetic defects, so when using them, you must remove these defects. Remove may not be done.

The progress of the recent gene editing method of cancer or other adverse side effects cannot be used for stem cells. "

So cell memory function is needed

In fact, Catherine's body is the same. The change protein is based on Catherine's body itself. If Catherine has genetic defects and causes problems such as rabbit lips, then Catherine's rabbit lips may be a lifetime-

Because change protein is based on the message from the genetic database, it will be considered that this is the "stir -fried state"

Catherine silently thanked her father and mother

"The source of inducing multifunctional stem cells is very extensive. Therefore, our prospects are very large. Even we only need a little skin cells, and then transform it in this study. Perhaps the course of treatment will be repairing protein

Ten to 100 times, but it is undeniable that as long as we can correct the errors of mutation, we can always get the last product ... that is, a new therapy similar to the effect of repairing protein "

This will definitely be a revolution

There is no doubt that Catherine thinks so

Nympho

Today, fourth, meow, biology is difficult ...

{Piaotian Literature www.piaotian.net thank you for your support. Your support is our biggest motivation}