Blooming America

Although the new processor is awesome, Catherine does not intend to use it to replace the technology.

Historically, the development history of Intel processors is a history of engineers' struggles with forward compatibility. In the 20th century, Intel defeated all S vendors, including SUN, la and IBM, unifying and server fields by virtue of the tool of forward compatibility. This is the advantage and the value of existence.

The instruction set can do many things that the instruction set cannot.

And this can be regarded as Catherine's own land.

Catherine has already licensed some of the instruction set patents, such as the current IBM, which has this technology.

GA's new architecture is suitable, but if used for Catherine, it will cause various problems, and some functions are not competent at the level of personal computers.

Of course, when it develops into the future, changes must also be made.

But that is not now.

"There is probably nothing wrong with the craftsmanship..."

Catherine thought about it.

The design is probably not a problem, but the problem lies in the craftsmanship.

Now Catherine's process uses a 1 micron process, that is, a 1000 nanometer technology.

What kind of concept is this technology?

For example, if Catherine uses the current technology to make the re-i7 series, such a re-i7 core will probably be as large as A4 paper-relatively speaking, the 45nm re-i7 core is only the size of a nail. And even if such a re-i7 is at 100MHZ, its power consumption will exceed 1000W, if it runs at full load. That is a terrifying product with high power consumption, and its consumption is absolutely amazing.

Relatively speaking, if such a technology is used to manufacture m cores, the power consumption of m cores that were originally only a few watts will exceed 65W, and the size of the cores will also reach about 10*3 cm.

But at first glance. Now it seems to be able to have a 21st century CPU.

But although the craft is enough. But in fact, the technology is still a lot worse, such a technology is simply impossible to use. And now the bottleneck is not the CPU, but the memory and hard disk.

"But if we now design a processor according to a higher-level system, it should be better..."

Catherine thought so.

For now. Even if it is a core like m, placed in the present, it also kills everything. What's more, it is not a problem to realize it with the current technology.

Of course, it's only theoretical. If the memory is not strong, the CPU will be scumbag and the system will be scumbag.

Now Catherine is facing such a dilemma.

"Elsa. What is the latest memory available on the market?"

"Let me check."

Elsa said, she handed the matter to Pu Guanshui and asked the other party to inquire about the matter.

With a runner, work is much easier.

Pu Guanshui now seems to be the second-level cache of the CPU. Improve the efficiency of the system to a new level...

The opposite soon passed the news, IBM is now studying a single 8MB capacity of new memory, because they have heard that Capricorn will support up to 32MB of capacity.

"8MB..."

In the 21st century, whose computer is the memory, then this family’s computer must have been more than ten years old.

But for now, this is definitely the most advanced existence.

"It's a pity that we don't have memory technology, otherwise we just get a 2GB memory stick. There will be no pressure in the next ten years..."

Catherine is now infinitely wanting to get the memory out...

"How to use so much memory?"

At this time, Elsa obviously had no such rich imagination.

"This is easy." Catherine said naturally: "We can develop a more splendid system, even if it is 100GB. As long as we think of a way, we can feed it..."

Why does this sentence have a feeling that it is easy to be complained about?

"But that would be fine. It seems that my computer will soon be able to use large memory..."

Catherine smiled and thought about how she used 32MB of memory... Well, although the difference with the best computer she had used was 1,000 times...

"I want to find a way to improve the process. I hope that when Capricorn starts mass production, we will be able to use 745nm products..."

That is a product of the next generation of technology. If such a product can be used, it is obviously better.

"I think the most important thing now is to promote the laptop computer..."

Elsa put forward her own opinion.

"If our CPU is high-end, other manufacturers will think of ways to match our chips. I think this method is actually very good..."

Catherine speculated like this.

"Hey, I don't want to, this thing can't do without time..." Catherine shook her head, this birth problem is purely a matter of time, as long as there is enough time, all plans will be no problem.

"Keep watching..."

Catherine decided to formulate a new development route for the company at this time.

With the various unreliability of the Pentagon, Catherine felt that her future and plans needed some transformation...

Sufficient time is enough to solve various problems.

For example, Catherine has been thinking about the processor problem.

As long as there is time to improve the process, it is very simple.

Speaking of the production of chips, the investment is less than five or six billion and cannot be taken out. In the 21st century, this is also two or three billion. Each chip is cut from a silicon wafer, rather than simply directly. produce.

The initial integrated chip is very simple, and even simple as if it is no different from a toy.

But the chips that really want to be used by the CPU. It is not a "toy".

What Catherine is most worried about now is the GA chip. It is easy to say and not too difficult to design. But in the production process, can a sufficient yield rate be guaranteed?

this is a problem.

After all, the new product has not undergone various destructions.

Speaking of, Catherine's Intel technology, if you want to produce products like GA core. Slightly more difficult than Capricorn.

Intel produced it. It is not just the production of chips one by one, but the later method directly used by Catherine, which is to produce wafers first, and then start processing products step by step.

In order to meet the requirements of high-performance processors. The monolithic silicon material must be highly pure.

Generally speaking, after purification, it is a cylindrical silicon ingot.

In the 21st century, Intel's use of silicon ingots is about 300 mm.

After making the silicon ingot and ensuring that it is an absolute cylinder, the next step is to slice the cylindrical silicon ingot. The thinner the slice, the less materials are used, and the more processor chips can naturally be produced. The slices should also be mirror-finished to ensure that the surface is absolutely smooth, and then check for distortion or other problems. The quality inspection at this step is particularly important. It directly determines the quality of the finished chip.

But these are not the most important, it can only be said to be the process of preparation.

After that, the new slice should be mixed with some substances to make it a real semiconductor material, and then transistor circuits representing various logic functions are carved on it. The doped substance atoms enter the gaps between silicon atoms. The effect of atomic force occurs between each other, so that the silicon raw material has the characteristics of a semiconductor.

After the work of incorporating the chemicals is completed, the standard slice is completed. Then, each slice is heated in a high-temperature furnace, and a layer of silicon dioxide film is formed on the surface of the slice by controlling the heating time.

These steps are an infinitely long process and cannot be done simply.

For Katherine’s current CPU product order, it takes three months to make an appointment before it can be booked. That's why-and it doesn't mean that the product can be launched now.

The final process of preparation is to cover a photosensitive layer on the silicon dioxide layer. This layer of material is used for other control applications in the same layer. This layer of material has a good photosensitive effect when it is dried, and after the photolithography process is completed. It can be dissolved and removed chemically.

This is a very complicated step in the current chip manufacturing process. Why do you say that? The photolithography process is to use a certain length of light to carve the corresponding nicks in the photosensitive layer. This changes the chemical characteristics of the material. This technology has extremely strict requirements on the bō length of the light used, requiring the use of short bō length ultraviolet rays and large curvature lenses. The etching process is also affected by stains on the wafer. Each step of etching is a complicated and delicate process. The amount of data required for each step of the design process can be measured in units of 10GB. Moreover, the etching steps required to manufacture each processor are more than 20 steps. And if each layer of the etched drawing is enlarged many times, it can be compared with the map of the entire New York City plus the suburbs, and it is even more complicated. Imagine reducing the entire New York map to an actual area of ​​only 100 square millimeters. On the chip, you can imagine how complicated the structure of this chip is.

After this process is completed, this semi-finished product can probably be called a wafer.

But this is not over yet. There are many steps and processes in this process. In the next few weeks, the wafers need to be tested one by one, including testing the electrical characteristics of the wafer. See if there is a logical error, if so, on which layer it appears, and so on. Then, each chip unit on the wafer that has problems will be individually tested to determine whether the chip has special processing needs.

Then, the entire wafer is cut into individual processor chip units. In the initial test, those units that fail the test will be discarded. The chip units that have been cut will be packaged in a certain way so that it can be smoothly inserted into a motherboard with a certain interface specification.

After the processor is finished, a full range of chip function tests must be carried out. This part will produce products of different grades. Some chips have relatively high operating frequencies, so they are labeled with the names and numbers of high-frequency products, while those with relatively low operating frequencies are modified and labeled with other low-frequency models. This is the processor positioned in different markets. At least Catherine's and some other chips are like this ~www.wuxiaspot.com~ and some processors may have some shortcomings in chip functions. For example, if it has defects in the cache function, they will be shielded from some cache capacity, reducing the performance, and of course the price of the product. This is part of the origin of the Celeron in history.

Catherine's craftsmanship is not too good to be controlled at the nanometer level, but this also means that the yield rate of her products is higher-the more delicate products are often more prone to problems.

But if the new structure is suddenly changed, Catherine will not guarantee the final yield rate.

"Eh...If I can remember the architecture of I7, it would be much easier..."

Catherine's ideas are beautiful, but the reality is cruel.

Speaking of it, I7 seems to have no practical significance now.

But... if you use I7 to fool the Pentagon, it should be... no problem, right?

...! .