Blooming America

Full text without ads Chapter 915 Hayflick’s shock

Leonardo Hayflick recently received an invitation, an invitation from the Hive Lab. (Free download of full text e-book)

Hayflick is a biologist, and his research on cells is very in-depth. The 54-year-old Hayflick can even be said to be one of the great abilities of biology.

In this respect, he is the authority.

The Hive Lab comes from Divano’s second school district.

As for the school district, Hayflick knew it naturally.

Originally, he was also very interested in that place, and also very interested in setting up a laboratory there, but for various reasons, Hayflick hadn't started his own plan so far.

At this time, he unexpectedly received an invitation from the Hive Lab!

This had to surprise Hayflick.

After all, he is an authority!

In the past, biologists have always believed that cells are immortal-they die only when they become part of an organism. This idea originated from the research of French surgeon Alexis Karel. He cultivated heart cells from chickens to understand how long they can survive outside the body. As a result, Karel died in 1944, and the cells that were still alive two years after his death were discarded.

These fibroblasts isolated from the heart of chicken embryos were continuously cultured for 34 years. If you consider that the longest lifespan of chickens recorded is 12 years, this experiment seems to prove that as long as the appropriate environment is given, chicken cells can divide and survive indefinitely, and there is no inherent mechanism to limit the lifespan of cell division. After Karel’s experiment was exaggerated (in one version, Karel kept the chicken's heart beating outside the body for 34 years), it has an impact not only on academia, but also on the general public. It seems to give people who desire longevity a hope: as long as they can find suitable living conditions, people will not age.

Before 1961, no one publicly doubted the results of Karel's experiments. This year, American biologist Hayflick completed a paper reporting the results of culturing human embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Hayflick’s method is to put cells in a petri dish and let them divide and grow until the petri dish is filled. After the petri dish is covered with a layer of cells, normal cells stop proliferating. Then, transfer a small portion of the cells to another fresh petri dish for culture. Hayflick found that even under the most suitable culture conditions, fibroblasts cannot proliferate indefinitely, but stop after approximately 50 generations of division.

Hayflick pointed out that Karel's view is wrong, the life of cells is limited. He cultivated several different types of human cells and found that they always die after about 50 divisions. The older the cells at the beginning of the experiment, the more factors such as illnesses they experienced before death, and the shorter the cell’s lifespan. All text without ads

This paper was rejected by Hayflick's first publication. The reviewers pointed out: As we all know, as long as the conditions are right, cells can divide indefinitely in vitro, and there must be a problem with their culture conditions. After being transferred to another journal for publication, this paper has become one of the most cited papers among the approximately 2 million biomedical papers published in the 1960s, and has a huge impact.

Hayflick also became famous and became a great power in biology.

And this honeycomb laboratory does not have a famous scientist in it, and even its own positioning is mostly medicine.

But with this invitation, there are not only these things, but also the test tubes that are kept at a low temperature-just to maintain the low temperature, the outside of the test tube is wrapped with liquid nitrogen.

It was just ordinary people who sent this test tube, so Hayflick couldn't get any interesting news from the other party.

What's in this test tube?

With curiosity, Hayflick took a little of the liquid and placed it under the electron microscope for observation.

Then he saw an egg white.

And this protein seems to be different from the ones I have seen before.

Originally Hayflick wanted to study slowly, but when he discovered that the protein in the liquid was constantly decomposing, he found that his idea was wrong, and the b at the door made him sleepless.

At this time, Hayflick thought of his paper in 13 years.

So at this time, Hayflick found some human tissue cells in culture, and then mixed the liquid into them.

But the final result was a humming sound in Hayflick's brain.

The liver cells of the human body that I cultivated have divided more than fifty generations!

This is not the scariest thing!

What makes Hayflick the most incredible is that these liver cells did not grow adherently, but grew into the shape of a liver!

With these results, Hayflick was shocked first, then scared, and finally curious.

He did not intend to disclose this matter.

Because there was a sign on the box that was transported to him-the umbrella.

In shock, Hayflick also found out that this hive laboratory was actually under the umbrella.

And the umbrella b...well, there is one at Hayflick’s house now. When the other party came, he also asked Hayflick to sign a contract with him. Hayflick was a little strange at the time and refused it once. There was another one, and he refused it twice in a row, adding that the other party was the well-known b, so Hayflick felt pressured. In the end, although strange, he signed the one-month protection contract.

Hayflick doesn't have to pay a penny for this, because the person who hired b for him has already paid.

At this moment, Hayflick shivered.

Americans just like to popularize conspiracy theories, and at this time, Hayflick has the same idea.

But such a magical thing really made Hayflick curious.

Is Karel right?

Is it precisely because the other party has such a magical substance in his own hands that he finally got that kind of magical conclusion?

But unfortunately, Hayflick's experimental materials were gone, and the liver was also necrotic.

At this time, b also left because the time expired.

——And the next thing, even if Hayflick said it, I'm afraid no one would believe it.

But at this time, Hayflick became more curious about the Hive Lab.

What kind of laboratory is this?

What are they researching?

Through his own channels, Hayflick found that the other party should be just an ordinary laboratory with medical properties, and that the other party's main research is artificial skin.

But it was strange that a supercomputer was installed there.

Wait, just study artificial skin, do you need a supercomputer? !

Hayflick immediately discovered this subtle existence in it.

He did not immediately respond to the other party. After the other party had no experimental materials, even the bodyguards withdrew, so Hayflick believed that the other party was at least not malicious.

So he decided to throw stones to ask for directions—that is, to write a letter to them.

...

"Got it! Hayflick's reply!"

Jenny waved.

"Just got it... Ah, really, we took a big risk this time!"

Catherine was still a little dissatisfied.

"But he is Hayflick." Jenny said.

"Of course I know. If the opponent weren't Hayflick, I wouldn't take this risk..."

Catherine complained.

The "Hayflick limit" proposed by Hayflick is very famous.

Hayflick limit: When most normal somatic cells are cultured in vitro, they cannot divide indefinitely. They can only stay at rest after a certain number of divisions. This number of times is called the "Hayflick limit".

There is no "Hayflick limit" for germ cells and can continue to multiply. The somatic cells of many plants and invertebrates also do not have the "Hayflick limit", they can divide indefinitely through asexual reproduction; some cancer cells do not have the "Hayflick limit" and can divide indefinitely.

The altered cells in Catherine's body also existed by eliminating the so-called "Hayflick limit" in some way.

"Hayflick studied the division and proliferation of human lung fibroblasts, and proposed a method to estimate human life span based on the number of cell divisions. Mouse lung fibroblasts only divide 14 to 18 times before they die. Its life span is three and a half years; chicken lung fibroblasts divide 13 to 35 times, and their lifespan is 30 years; turtle lung fibroblasts divide 72 to 114 times, and their lifespan is 175 years, which are consistent with the actual lifespan of the above-mentioned animal . And the number of divisions of human lung fibroblasts is 40 to 60 times. According to the above rule, the life span can be at least 110 years! And the longest is 175 years!" Jenny was very excited: "But in fact, people At most, it is only to live to 70 years old, sometimes less than half of the standard life span! But at this time, we showed him a kind of magic substance, this substance, this protein can bring to our cells Infinite life... isn't it great?"

"You just want to stand out in front of well-known scholars..." Catherine despised it.

"It should be fishing! The method I said definitely works!"

"Okay, okay...fishing..." Catherine shrugged~www.wuxiaspot.com~ But Catherine was more concerned about sub-proteins at this time.

It's just a pity that the number of sub-proteins extracted from Rebecca is very small, so Jenny has no way to conduct research now, and at this time, Jenny thought of "backup".

And her backup is this Hayflick.

Jenny is obviously full of confidence in whether the other party will come to the hive. Think about it, after all, who can resist the attraction of this mysterious and magical thing?

...

Third more~

There are two more~

!@#

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