Carefree Prince In Tang Dynasty

"Yes!" Li Xin nodded and said, "Having them fight is itself an experimental process, or the prototype of an experiment. I want to make it truly a testament to the martial arts between the two." For high and low experiments, we must also add enough constraints."

Xu Jingchen nodded and said sincerely, "I would like to hear the details."

Li Xin said casually: "Let's imagine a situation like this. A and B have a fight, and A loses. Does this mean that B's martial arts is higher than A's? In other words, if A's martial arts is higher than B's, Can A be guaranteed to defeat B every time?"

Xu Jingchen shook his head and said, "Not necessarily. There may be accidental factors, such as carelessness."

Li Xin nodded and said: "Yes. Therefore, the results of a single experiment are not enough to explain the problem. We must conduct several experiments to increase the persuasiveness of the experiment. This is one of the most important principles of experiments - repetition .”

As we all know, human beings are more or less prone to being teachers. When Li Xin faced Xu Jingchen's serious listening expression, he still couldn't help feeling a little complacent. When he mentioned the word "repeat", he suddenly regretted that there was no blackboard in front of him, otherwise he would have tapped on the blackboard, emphasizing that this is a test center, which must be very funny.

Xu Jingchen has long known the truth of "isolated cases do not prove", so now he just silently keeps the word "repetition" in his heart, waiting for Li Xin to continue to explain.

Li Xin continued: "Then, assuming that we have now let A and B fight ten times, and A wins eight times, can we say that A's martial arts must be higher than B?" To Xu Jingchen.

Xu Jingchen frowned, hesitated for a moment, and said, "Should...can't?"

Li Xin smiled and said, "Why?"

Xu Jingchen shook his head with a wry smile, and said, "I don't know either. But I always feel that there must be a reason for the king of Chu to ask such a question."

Li Xin laughed twice, and said: "It's really impossible. There are many reasons. To take the simplest example, if A and B fight, B has been hungry for two days, while A You can eat enough for every meal, and under this premise, even if A wins B eight times, everyone will only think that A's victory is not martial arts, and they won't think that he is a martial artist, right?"

Xu Jingchen nodded.

"So what is the fairest way? Of course, let Party A and Party B eat their fill, and let the two fight when they are physically and mentally strong. Only in this way can they be fully convincing, right?" Li Dao said.

"Yes." Xu Jingchen replied without hesitation.

"There are many factors that affect the outcome of a battle. Of course, the level of martial arts is the most important factor, but the physical strength, mental state, the difference in the venue, the height and weight difference between A and B, and even gender differences. All these Factors, in fact, cannot be ignored." Li Xin said slowly, "These factors that can affect the experimental results but have nothing to do with the questions we want to explore are the so-called 'interference factors'."

Xu Jingchen suddenly realized: "So, we must eliminate these interferences as much as possible, let A and B be under the same conditions, and make martial arts the only factor that affects the results of the experiment as much as possible!"

Li Xin gave a thumbs up and praised: "You are really talented! Yes. During the experiment, we must eliminate the interference factors as much as possible, and the most important way to eliminate the interference factors is to let the experimental subjects be under the same conditions as possible . This is the other most important principle of the experiment - control."

It's over, I want to knock on the blackboard again. Li Xin thought a little funny.

Repetition and comparison, the simple four words, are the two cornerstones of experimental science in later generations. It can be said that any other principles are actually developed based on these two points.

Xu Jingchen picked up the experiment plan that Li Xin had placed on the table before, and said with a wry smile: "This time I understand. My division of the experimental subjects does not conform to the principle of comparison."

Li Xin nodded and said, "I don't understand your specific medical issues. Maybe you are the same in the division of diseases, but in addition to the disease's response to the drug, age, gender, and weight also have an impact on the experimental results." interference factors, so I think you should divide these experimental subjects into different groups according to the differences of these factors, and compare among the corresponding groups in order to draw the most correct conclusions."

Xu Jingchen nodded repeatedly.

"Moreover, in fact, apart from repetition and comparison, there are two very important errors in medical experiments that need to be avoided." Although Li Xin did not explain the concept of "error", Xu Jingchen, as the name suggests, still understood what Li Xin said. mean.

"King Chu, please advise." Xu Jingchen asked curiously.

"The names of these two errors are placebo effect and observer effect." Li Xin originally wanted to change these two effects to a Chinese name, but he couldn't think of a good one. And if he cheekily changed them to "Li Xin's first effect" and "Li Xin's second effect", Li Xin was a little embarrassed. He was not shameless to this extent, so he had to continue to use them in Chinese in later generations. named.

Xu Jingchen blinked innocently, looking ignorant. He still doesn't know what kind of demon he will face.

Li Daoxin: "It's actually very simple to say. The so-called placebo effect means that if we give a patient a drug that is actually useless, but as long as the patient does not know that the drug is useless and believes that the drug can cure him, he will be cured." Maybe there will be some healing performance.”

Xu Jingchen had never heard of such a thing, and he was surprised: "Really? There are such things?"

Li Xin nodded with a smile, and said: "If you don't believe me, you can try it. Randomly find two groups of patients with headaches, one group will not give them anything to eat, and the other group will give them some herbal tea, but don't Tell them that what they are drinking is only herbal tea, but tell them that this herbal tea is a cure for their headaches. If you go back later, the people in the herbal tea group will definitely tell you that their headaches are not so bad. That's the placebo effect."

"Then what about the observer effect?" Although Xu Jingchen couldn't digest this matter, it didn't stop him from continuing to ask curiously.

He has learned too much today, almost beyond his ability to accept and understand, which is much higher than ordinary people. While listening, he couldn't help but think in his heart: How did this king of Chu, who is only seventeen years old, know so much knowledge? Is there really any saint in the world who is born with knowledge?

If Wang Gui could know what Xu Jingchen was thinking at the moment, he would have been so excited that tears filled his eyes on the spot, and then he would show him a look that is hard to find. Thinking about it, Boya's encounter with Zhong Ziqi was nothing more than that.