Containment Control Starts With the Umbrella

"Well, indeed."

William nodded in deep agreement.

Before "The Three-Body Problem" came out, William, who had not traveled through time, hoped that human beings could find alien forces, races and civilizations.

But after the "Three-Body Problem" came out, William only felt that the pioneers and travelers launched by NASA were simply mind-blowing operations.

What is the operation of sending the probe to leave the solar system, and engraving the coordinates of the earth, and engraving human DNA?

Delivery?

"Two-way foil...Two-way foil." At this time, Halsey muttered to himself again, then squeezed William's left hand with his right hand, and said excitedly:

"After hearing this word, I can finally understand why there are a large number of completely dark regions in the observable universe.

This is very likely to be an attack by some higher civilization on a lower civilization, or an interstellar war between two higher civilizations, resulting in a completely dark area of ​​the universe.

It cannot be observed, no light can escape, not even a black hole can exist.

Just like Robert Heinlein, the author of "Starship Paratroopers", first mentioned concepts such as power armor and orbital airborne in science fiction works.

With the passage of time and development, our human technology really has tens of thousands of power armor and orbital paratroopers like "Starship Paratroopers".

Sure enough, the progress of science can never be separated from the romantic thoughts or ideas of those science fiction writers.

The "Three-Body Problem" you just told me made me suddenly enlightened~. "

"." Seeing Halsey's excited look, William felt his head grow bigger in an instant, and then said helplessly:

"Catherine, I don't think this kind of thing is worth being happy about. If there really are civilizations with two-way foils in this universe...then we humans and elites don't even have a chance to resist them?"

"Hum..." Seeing William express his worries, Halsey also put away his smile and said:

"You asked me before, how many civilizations exist in this universe, right?"

"Ok."

"This problem is easy to solve." Halsey said, and took out the ultra-thin transparent mobile phone of Umbrella Technology from her lady's suit pants pocket.

Touch your fingerprint to unlock the screen.

Turned on the holographic projection, and then she manipulated it again, so that a mathematical formula appeared in front of her and William.

N = R** Fp * Ne * Fl * Fi * Fc * L.

Seeing the mathematical formula, William's headache got worse, and he said to Halsey with a wry smile:

"Catherine, please explain to me what this is... Ever since I picked up a pen that fell on the floor when I was in math class in high school, I have never been able to face math directly."

"You are not good at physics, you are not good at mathematics... Fortunately, Ivan and Yelena didn't follow you, otherwise you would be useless..."

Halsey gave William a blank look, then looked at the formula in front of the two of them, and explained to William:

"This formula is called the Derek formula, and it was proposed by Frank Derek in 1961 to calculate how many civilizations there are in the Milky Way.

The N in it is obvious, which is the number of civilizations in the Milky Way.

R*, on the other hand, represents the formation rate of a suitable star, such as our sun.

The sun has a habitable zone of sufficient range, and its age is four to five billion years in the prime of life.

For example, it took our earth 3 to 4 billion years to develop life, and if a star becomes a red giant before that, or a supergalactic explosion occurs, then this star is not applicable.

According to the evolution models of our ancestors, one such star will appear in the Milky Way every year on Earth.

That is, R* is equal to 1.

Fp is the value of how many planets a star system has. For example, in our solar system, eight planets are 8.

But we can't use the scale and rules of the solar system to estimate the star systems in the entire Milky Way, so we can't be sure of the specific values.

Ne represents the number of planets with conditions for life evolution, derivation and development among the planets in these star systems.

Any conditions must be considered, such as the composition of the atmosphere, whether an asteroid will hit, the temperature difference between day and night, and so on.

Fl represents that in the planets that meet the Ne conditions, organisms that can evolve into DNA or genetic material exist.

Fi represents the existence of planets that meet the Ne conditions, which can evolve into intelligent life forms, such as us humans.

Fc represents the probability that among the planets that meet the Ne condition, they can release signal radio waves to the outside world. .

The last L represents the average lifespan of technological civilization.

Taking us humans as an example, Nikola Tesla first demonstrated wireless in 1893, and it has been 134 earth years until now.

In other words, it was Tesla who brought us into the era of technological civilization in a true sense. "

"hiss…"

After listening to Halsey's series of explanations, William couldn't help but gasped, raised his right hand to cover his forehead and squeezed hard, trying to wake himself up.

a bit sleepy.

Just like taking a math class, the hypnotic effect of the math teacher is much better than any sleeping pills.

"Hehe~." Seeing William's frowning look, Halsey couldn't help but raised his left hand to cover his mouth and smiled, and then explained simply and clearly:

"Before encountering the Reapers, Mimics and Covenant, as long as one of the above formulas has a value of 0, then our earth is the luckiest, most likely and loneliest existence in the universe.

But after encountering these civilizations, it can mean that the numbers in those values ​​will never be 0.

A few years ago, two astronomers were idle and bored, using a series of mathematical formulas and models to deduce each numerical value in the formula.

The final conclusion is that the number of planets with advanced civilizations in the Milky Way is about 11.117336, and there are almost eleven kinds of planets with advanced civilizations.

After our encounter with the Covenant, that number was pretty accurate. "

"Then the number of civilizations in the universe?" William asked curiously.

"call…"

Halsey gasped and closed his eyes slightly, and after a while, opened his eyes again, raised his left hand, spread five fingers and said:

"unlimited.

There are hundreds of billions of large galaxies in our observable universe. The number of galaxies similar to the size of the Milky Way is about one billion, and the number of large galaxies is about 100 billion.

Remember, this is still the observable universe.

So I can say that there are infinitely many advanced alien civilizations in the universe. I can only say that our galaxy is relatively remote and desolate. "

"Infinite..." After listening to Halsey's estimates, William clasped the railing tightly with both hands, and said with some cold sweat on his forehead:

"Then this represents the number of third-level civilizations, which is also innumerable?"

"Not necessarily." Halsey said with a negative attitude:

"Forerunners and ancient humans are life created by super advanced civilizations like pioneers, and they quickly evolved into third-level civilizations under the guidance of pioneers.

And the number of civilizations that leapfrog to the third level by relying on their own star system and galaxy conditions is very small. Although the number is considerable in the universe, it is very rare compared to the universe.

I firmly believe that our galaxy is a special case. "