Doctor Chen, Don't Be a Coward!

Row of ambulances rushed to the scene like a fire brigade.

Sitting in the car, Chen Nan was a little flustered and nervous.

As a Chinese medicine practitioner, he has been rarely involved in these matters. After all... How can there be a Chinese medicine emergency department?

Moreover, even if there are first aid methods of traditional Chinese medicine, most of them are for critical and severe medical diseases.

For car accident trauma, not many!

How valuable would it be for him to go there?

Chen Nan also had no confidence in his heart.

When the ambulance arrived on Longcheng Road, Chen Nan had already seen rows of ambulances flashing with warning lights, and a car came together from all directions, like a long dragon.

In addition to the first time, there are also police cars and fire trucks!

The scene of the car accident is not as simple as imagined, the injury is complicated, and there are too many institutions that need to be mobilized.

Seeing them, Chen Nan calmed down.

He began to think about what role he should play in this rescue!

Are you going to the front line to rescue patients? Take the patient out of it?

Or what should I do?

Traffic accident injuries are still one of the four major causes of urban death and become a public hazard in today's society.

On the high-speed, once a car accident occurs, because the speed of the car is too fast, it is often a serial nature.

Chen Nan's thoughts were very fast, and he began to think about how to amplify his role in this first aid.

This time I came here, and I didn't bring many things on my body. It was impossible for any rescue medicine to be on the scene. Even if there were, it would not be as effective as modern medicine. Chen Nan checked his pocket and found only a few packs of acupuncture needles. This is still Chen Nan's habit. , and... for self-defense...

In addition, there is a box with the old nine needles, which is a system reward, and he always carries it with him.

Apart from these, there is nothing left!

What can you do with these things?

Maintain order? Transport the injured?

Do not!

I could be more involved.

Although Chinese medicine is not as powerful as modern medicine in these car accident first aid, it is not without its advantages.

Chen Nan began to analyze and began to clarify his own thinking.

The injuries caused by car accidents can be roughly divided into deceleration injuries, impact injuries, crush injuries, crush injuries and falls.

Among them, deceleration injuries and impact injuries are the most common.

A deceleration injury is an injury caused by the sudden and powerful deceleration of a vehicle, such as head injury, cervical spine injury, ruptured aorta, heart and pericardium injury, and "steering wheel chest".

Crash injuries are mostly caused by direct collisions with motor vehicles. Rolling contusion and crush injury are mostly caused by vehicle rolling and contusion, or being squeezed by deformed carriage, body and cab. In fact, motor vehicle injuries are often caused by several injuries occurring at the same time.

Therefore, the injury is severe, the change is rapid, and the mortality rate is high.

what can I do?

I have acupuncture needles. Acupuncture needles can be used to relieve pain. For acupuncture pain relief, Chen Nan is now more and more handy. This is one of the...

Second, I have the bone-setting technique of traditional Chinese medicine. This ability may be effective!

In addition to these, Chen Nan has the TCM surgery that he just obtained, but... Chen Nan shook his head and refused, firstly because the on-site conditions did not allow it, and secondly, because he did not need it, most patients needed first aid If the car is transported to the hospital, it is more suitable for rescue, not the scene.

...

After Chen Nan kept clearing his thoughts, he seemed to have planned a rescue route that suits him.

He knew very well that in such a messy scene, if he, as a doctor, could not find his own position, it would be the most dangerous, because his participation might not only not have a positive effect, but would be a disservice.

Zhang Danfeng's face is solemn, and his eyes are full of worry!

For this kind of telling about the serial car accident incident, he has no idea at all!

The patient's injury may be serious, traumatic fractures, and massive bleeding are common things. In addition, cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrest... These things will all happen.

How many of these people can survive until they are sent back to the hospital for treatment?

This is an unknown.

Other than that, ambulances are simply not enough!

According to the news sent from the front, in this car accident, there were forty to fifty people injured, and more than 20 people were seriously injured. Obviously, the on-site ambulance could not transfer all of them at one time. How to arrange it is another problem!

He is also thinking about the plan of action this time.

However, Zhang Danfeng glanced at Chen Nan, and seemed to notice that Chen Nan was nervous and reserved, and suddenly regretted it. , more hands, is also good.

However, now it's a bit inappropriate. They are Chinese medicine practitioners, so it obviously has nothing to do with the rescue at the scene of the accident.

Zhang Danfeng smiled apologetically: "I'm sorry, Director Chen, I shouldn't have brought you here!"

Chen Nan smiled slightly: "It's okay, I have my role."

Zhang Danfeng didn't care, but smiled: "Well, good!"

"But don't be nervous."

"A big problem with this kind of scene is that you have to know who should be rescued and who should... give up!"

When saying this, Zhang Danfeng looked serious: "I'm not joking, it's true!"

"Some people can't be saved. Even if they are transported away, there may be no way to save them successfully. You must first know what kind of people can be saved, and try to save the patients who can be saved..."

Chen Nan did not quibble, because he knew very well that what the other party said was correct: "Well, good! Thank you Director Zhang."

Seeing that he was about to arrive at the scene, Zhang Danfeng looked at Chen Nan, and warned again: "Don't go to the front, you are in the back, help deal with it, and follow the schedule."

"Remember, on such occasions, there are two taboos: 1. Taboo to act indiscriminately; 2. Taboo to not obey orders."

At this time, the ambulance stopped.

Zhang Danfeng picked up the first aid kit in his hand and ran down. After the driver stopped, he quickly came over with a stretcher and walked out, followed by another nurse.

Chen Nan followed the crowd and walked towards the crowd.

At this time, a long cordon had been surrounded, and ambulances were parked aside, waiting to transfer patients.

Several fire trucks have arrived at the scene and are urgently extinguishing the fire, extinguishing the engine, turning off the power supply, removing flammable objects, and helping to open the door and a series of actions.

There are also many traffic police and police around, who are responsible for protecting the scene of the accident and maintaining order.

And all the people in white clothes carry out triage and classification for timely rescue, and at the same time, according to the situation, the patients are classified according to their priorities...

"Old Zhang, hurry up, take someone there, there are patients who need urgent treatment!"

"You, hurry up and transfer the patient, don't waste time, and evacuate the scene as soon as possible!"

"Ambulance, quickly open the door of that white modern car, it's stuck, hurry up!"

...

The man is Yuan Pengyun, an old man in his fifties standing on the roof of a commercial vehicle, holding a walkie-talkie in one hand and a horn in the other, urgently dispatching every group that can be dispatched around!

Chen Nan knew who the other party was. When he was in the car just now, Zhang Danfeng had introduced that this person was the person in charge of the emergency handling center of Jin Province.

It turned out to be an expert in the field of emergency care, but was later dropped to this unit that has not been established for a long time. After arriving here, every time I went to the scene to direct various emergency operations.

The sun was shining brightly, Yuan Pengyun's shirt was open, revealing a soaked white vest, and his whole face was tanned. After all... this kind of work often requires running outside.

His voice was so loud that he jumped out of the car after a while, hurried to the other side, and started shouting.

Such weather is not good news for patients.

The weather is too hot, trauma is more likely to cause infection, and other diseases should be considered besides the first time.

Too much temperature can cause too many accidents.

Chen Nan didn't follow the army and ran into the crowd. Not far away, there was a "transfer center" urgently set up by the traffic police. In fact, it was a simple use of sunscreen umbrellas and sunshades.

At this time, a lot of people have also gathered here. After most of the patients were transferred out, they lay here, waiting for emergency rescue and removal on the spot.

Under the 20-odd awnings, it was full of people!

Those who were not seriously injured also stood there in despair. The rest of the life after the catastrophe was not happy at all, and every minute was torment and pain.

"Mom, wake up! Mom, open your eyes, Mom... I beg you." A little girl knelt on the ground, touched her mother's face with both hands, covered with blood, and kept crying and begging .

"Husband, don't fall asleep, open your eyes, please, don't fall asleep..." A newly married woman was wearing a red cheongsam, her blood and cheongsam were dyed the same color, her eyes were full of despair and hopelessness Painful, his hands tightly squeezed the cold hands of the man in the suit on the ground... Tears kept streaming down.

"My daughter and son are still in the car, save my child!" A middle-aged woman knelt on her knees and kept kowtowing to the medical nurse beside her: "Please, save my child!" She herself I didn't notice that the wound on my body was still bleeding and still painful!

"Mom, my brother... My brother is gone! Woo woo... I'm sorry, Mom, I... wow..." A girl hugged the phone, squatted on the ground and cried bitterly, unable to make a sound, the same voice came over the phone. Weeping silently.

Such a catastrophe is unbearable for any family.

The National Day has just ended, a large number of people are on their way home, and the cars are full of relatives, friends and family members!

No one dares to face such a tragedy...

At the scene of the tragic car accident, you can still see bursts of fire from time to time, and the blood and oil stains on the ground are mixed together, making the ground a bit more hideous and terrifying. There are car parts everywhere...and some stumps...

Under the scorching sun, the air was filled with the smell of gasoline mixed with blood...

...

...

"The patient fainted!"

"Blood pressure is only 80/55 mm Hg!"

"Transient cerebral ischemia caused by ischemia and hypoxia leads to transient disturbance of consciousness. Quickly increase the pressure!"

"receive!"

A doctor and nurse surrounded the unconscious woman on the ground and began to treat her.

The little girl on the side was sitting next to the woman, her tears couldn't stop flowing down, her voice was a little hoarse, and she kept repeating a sentence: "Please, uncle and aunt, please save my mother..."

Beside him was a man whose upper limbs were obviously twisted on one side, and his face was also full of tears: "I'm sorry, wife... I'm sorry..."

"Blame me!"

"It's all my fucking fault!"

"It's my fault, can you wake up? I'll quit smoking in the future, and I'll listen to you in the future, okay?"

The doctor couldn't care about comforting the two of them, and it would be useless to say anything now. Now it is impossible to rule out whether there is internal injury or bleeding. He can only maintain his vital signs and prepare for transfer.

Chen Nan walked over quickly: "Hello, I'm Chen Nan, deputy director of traditional Chinese medicine at Yuancheng People's Hospital."

"May I take a look at it?"

The middle-aged man couldn't help but look back at Chen Nan, and when he saw that he was wearing a white coat, he nodded: "Yeah!"

Chen Nan walked over, and the woman was wearing a simple monitor with various indicators written on it.

He didn't ink any ink, he put his hand directly on the woman's wrist and started to feel the pulse.

Seeing Chen Nan's actions, the man was stunned for a moment.

and many more……

Take the pulse?

Brother, when are you still taking the pulse? !

That's right, the man suddenly remembered that he was said to be a Chinese medicine doctor just now!

Damn, Qin Hao regrets it a bit, he shouldn't agree to his invitation, we rescued him on the spot... You are a Chinese medicine doctor, aren't you causing trouble?

At this time, Chen Nan suddenly said: "It's not a big problem, there are no signs of internal injury and bleeding, and the function of the viscera is OK, but the main reason is that the qi mechanism is disordered."

Qin Hao was taken aback: "Huh?"

The little nurse on the side was also stunned: "Huh?"

...

They said, the motherfucker can't understand!

Check the pulse to see if there are signs of internal injury bleeding?

Are you kidding me, big brother, why don't you make a mess, okay?

At this time, Chen Nan had already pulled out a pack of disposable acupuncture needles from his pocket.

While talking, he picked up acupuncture and was about to start taking action.

Qin Hao frowned: "Doctor Chen, I hope you don't disturb us, sorry!"

Chen Nan said seriously: "I can save her."

Qin Hao suddenly didn't know what to say.

And Chen Nan also didn't know whether to do it or not.

He does have his own way of first aid in TCM.

Acupuncture first aid technology is relatively mature now. This is not a rare problem. Even foreign countries are trying and developing new acupuncture curative effects.

Acupuncture first aid mainly uses strong stimulation to treat patients, and the effect is remarkable.

At this time, Qin Hao quickly stood up: "Director Yuan!"

Yuan Pengyun hurried over, raised his arm and wiped the sweat from his face and asked, "What's going on?"

Qin Hao said embarrassedly: "This is Director Chen of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yuancheng People's Hospital. He...he wants to participate in the treatment."

Yuan Pengyun looked at Chen Nan and suddenly froze for a moment: "I have heard your name, Chen Nan, right?!"

Chen Nan nodded: "Hello Director Yuan!"

Yuan Pengyun nodded solemnly. He heard the name Chen Nan from Qin Jianchuan. The two used to be colleagues, and occasionally they would get together in private, so naturally they had heard Chen Nan's name.

Yuan Pengyun looked at Chen Nan, pondered for a moment, and asked solemnly, "Are you sure?"

Chen Nan nodded: "Yeah!"

Yuan Pengyun heard the sound, nodded and said, "Okay, let's participate in the treatment!"

"If you have any questions, consult with me."

By the way, Yuan Pengyun threw a walkie-talkie directly to Chen Nan: "Find me if you have something!"

After that, he left here in a hurry.

Qin Hao was stunned at this time.

Yuan Pengyun has spoken, and he has nothing to say.

After Chen Nan nodded to Qin Hao, he started acupuncture directly to the patient!

The main acupoints are Hegu, Renzhong, Baihui and Shaoshang!

First acupuncture at Hegu and Renzhong points, twisting and lifting and inserting, strong stimulation, without leaving needles.

Afterwards, acupuncture Baihui and Shaoshang again, with slight twisting.

Looking at Chen Nan's actions, Qin Hao was a little overwhelmed.

This... the motherfucker... so tangled!

When you come here, I don't even know how to cooperate with you.

Qin Hao was a little helpless.

Qin Hao is an emergency doctor at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jin Province Medical University. He graduated with a Ph.D. and is very talented. He can stabilize the situation at a young age.

Can Chinese Medicine Really Help? Qin Hao didn't understand, this rooted needle can save people by turning around?

However, in less than ten minutes, the patient's eyelids suddenly moved, and then... he actually opened his eyes.

"Cake, cake..."

"Mom, I'm here!"

When the woman was still confused, she began to call her daughter's name, and the little girl beside her burst into tears, and quickly touched her mother's face, being careful not to move the needle.

"Cake, where's your dad!"

"Wife, I'm here!" The man with the fracture heard his wife's voice, burst into laughter, and said excitedly, "Thank you doctor, thank you!"

"You are our benefactor!"

Chen Nan waved his hand, looked at the man and said, "Don't move, wait for me to pass."

After finishing speaking, looking at the woman who opened her eyes, she said seriously; "Lie down for a while, rest, and don't move around."

Then Chen Nan looked at Qin Hao: "Keep the needle for 30 minutes, don't pull it out."

Qin Hao and the little nurse nodded dumbly, their faces full of shock.

I Cao... Really?

Damn, it's an eye-opener.

Qin Hao swallowed.

Looking at Chen Nan's back, he was a little shocked.

At this time, Chen Nan directly bypassed the woman and walked to the man's side. He bent down, raised his hand and began to touch the man's fractured upper arm.

"..."

Seeing this, Qin Hao was suddenly a little confused, this... What is he going to do?

Can acupuncture cure fractures?

Just kidding not! ?

"Director Chen, this is... a patient from the Department of Orthopedics. They went to get the fixation plate." Qin Hao reminded quickly.

Chen Nan nodded: "Well, I see."

After speaking, he raised his hand and felt the patient's arm with both hands.

TCM bone-setting is a very test of the level.

The main clinical examination methods are: auscultation, incision. (Let’s talk about it here. The last time I wrote it, I didn’t think about it. I wrote it wrong. Smell smell is smell, not auscultation. Auscultation is mainly listening to sound.)

The most important and difficult part of orthopedics and trauma is the incision, which is mainly used to perceive the fracture angle and situation of the patient through manipulation, which is extremely challenging.

The main methods are: touch method, extrusion method, percussion method, rotation method, flexion and extension method, shaking method.

Through these manipulations, judging tenderness, deformity, skin temperature, abnormal activity, elastic fixation, and mass.

An expert in traditional Chinese medicine orthopedics can completely judge the patient's internal fracture through these things. If it is serious, surgery is required. If it is not serious, it can be reduced and fixed by manipulation.

"Oh...it hurts here!"

"Doctor, take it easy, take it easy!"

"This arm can't move!"

A few minutes later, Chen Nan also had a clearer idea of ​​the fractured condition of the patient under the touch perception of the patient.

"Doctor, my arm has been dislocated, be careful..." The man was crying, and his mood was not as depressed as before. After all, his wife woke up, and he finally breathed a sigh of relief.

Chen Nan heard the sound and said lightly, "Dislocation? Small problem."

Qin Hao swallowed...Brother, are you a little...too casual?

Is a dislocated arm a minor problem?

Are you sure there is no damage?

After Chen Nan checked the opponent's scapular area, he did not find too many lesions, and because of the dislocation of the scapular area, there was some hematoma, so it is better to deal with it as soon as possible.

What he is more worried about is the fracture on the arm. In fact, the sooner the fracture is treated, the better, because after the fracture, there will be a constant hematoma and infection.

There will be local deformities and subcutaneous ecchymosis.

Fractures of the forearm are actually not a big problem, and the controllability of manual reduction is very high.

Originally, Chen Nan was thinking about letting the other party go back to the hospital for treatment, but then he thought that since he had started, it would be fine to deal with it directly. It was originally a small problem.

The scapula falls out most easily, the upper scapula juts out,

I can't lift my hands up to my head, the pain is excruciating and I feel powerless,

If you encounter this disease and want to treat him, the technique is wonderful and good for an instant.

Make people ride with arms and hug each other, sit upright and don't turn to one side,

One hand pulls the lower arm and the other pushes the upper shoulder bone.

Pulling both hands together for a while, it naturally sinks into the mortar and overflows.

Chen Nan's hands are very strong, so naturally he doesn't need to be so troublesome, and he is very familiar with anterior dislocation. With the blessing of modern anatomy, he is very clear that it is only posterior dislocation. During the speech, he fixed the patient with one hand, and then exerted force with one hand. Pulling down his arm, then his hands joined forces, and there was a direct click, accompanied by the feeling of failure, Chen Nan knew what he had in mind, and went in!

The man lying on the ground originally thought it would be very painful, but... all this happened too fast, and it was too sudden. Before he had time to feel the pain, he was instantly... over!

Immediately afterwards, the man felt that his arm seemed to be able to move!

"I go!"

"All right?!"

"Mom!"

The man looked at Chen Nan in shock: "Doctor...you..."

This scene directly made Qin Hao and the little nurse dumbfounded.

I am Cao!

the fuck?

Chinese medicine?

Who says Chinese medicine can't give first aid?

I'm fucking... in a hurry with you!

Moreover, it is useless for others, and the dislocation is directly reset with bare hands.

"This...is this a Chinese medicine?"

Chen Nan smiled: "The small style has no technical content."

In a word, let a few people not know.

What is a small handle? What is very simple?

Qin Hao couldn't help but said, "Director Chen, is this Chinese medicine?"

Chen Nan nodded: "Well, yes."

"However, Western medicine can also. The hippocrates method is similar to this, but they are relatively simple, and the Chinese medicine method is relatively complete."

"If the hippocrates technique is used, the failure rate is relatively high. The key is that after the failure, there is a second injury, and an open reduction is needed to repair the joint capsule."

Qin Hao was a little dazed: this...do you have to learn this in traditional Chinese medicine?

He felt that his worldview was a little broken.

However, this is just the beginning. The fracture on the man's arm is not serious. It is a direct profiteering.

As he spoke, his hands had already begun to prepare.

TCM orthopaedic manipulation of bone-setting is a real level, and there is no ambiguity at all. If the bone-setting can not be completed successfully, it is not as convenient as surgical treatment.

Therefore, in this era, most Chinese medicine practitioners are reluctant to take risks.

If it doesn't work out, it won't have much impact, but... as soon as the x-film is taken, someone will come to you.

Chen Nan is still confident!

Professional-level techniques are enough for him to successfully complete these operations.

Chen Nan said to Qin Hao, "Come here."

Qin Hao nodded quickly!

At this time, he has been completely brainwashed by Chen Nan.

"I...I...I don't know qigong!" Qin Hao blushed.

Chen Nan was taken aback: "Qigong?"

"After I reset it for a while, you fix it with this small splint."

Qin Hao was stunned for a moment: "That's it?"

Chen Nan was too lazy to talk to him. He felt that there was something wrong with this child's brain.

Not to mention other, there are still a lot of patients.

Chen Nan directly started his actions.

He used his hands to directly separate the fracture end, and then began to gently sense the anastomosis of the fracture end through manual manipulation.

Through the sound of bone rubbing, he moved cautiously.

Chen Nan's hand is very strong, and at this moment, it has been fully displayed and utilized.

Less than two minutes!

After Chen Nan finished the operation directly, he said to Qin Hao beside him: "Okay, it can be fixed!"

In fact, the muscles of the human body are a very good tissue, and they can completely fix the bones in a special way.

Qin Hao quickly started the operation, and it didn't take long to complete.

His first aid knowledge is quite reliable.

After Chen Nan did all this, he got up and left here: "You look good here, I'm going somewhere else."

After speaking, Chen Nan got up and left.

And this time...

A middle-aged man walked and ran, hurried over with something, a little out of breath.

"Director Ma!" Qin Hao quickly greeted him.

Malianshan nodded: "Yes."

"Hey? Is the patient awake?"

"what is this?"

Malianshan quickly saw the acupuncture needles on the woman's face.

Qin Hao hurriedly said, "This is an acupuncture needle, which was pierced by Director Chen Nan of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yuancheng People's Hospital just now!"

Malianshan's face suddenly gloomy: "Isn't this nonsense!"

Qin Hao smiled bitterly: "Director Yuan asked him to do it."

Ma Lianshan was taken aback: "Yuan Pengyun?"

Qin Hao nodded: "Well."

"And... just a few minutes after the needle was inserted, the patient woke up."

"Faster than our medicine!"

Ma Lianshan frowned and glanced at Qin Hao: "Jing nonsense, the medicine hasn't worked yet!"

Qin Hao coughed, not knowing how to explain.

At this time, Ma Lianshan took out another fixing plate and said to Qin Hao, "Help me, fix the patient and transfer it to the hospital for surgery."

Qin Hao was embarrassed again.

He pointed at the man: "Director Chen... cured!"

Ma Lianshan was confused again: "Isn't it a fracture? There is also a dislocation... This is a dislocation of the guard. The situation is more complicated. It is recommended to open and recover..."

Before Ma Lianshan finished speaking, the man on the ground stretched out his hand: "Okay, it's really good!"

Malianshan was stunned all of a sudden!

"No... your arm is broken, don't move."

Qin Hao coughed: "Connected!"

"It was also picked up by others."

"Just use your bare hands, kakaka, that's it!"

Qin Hao's face was a little excited: "really, it's the first time I've seen it."

There seems to be some unfinished business.

This time, Ma Lianshan's face changed, he lowered his head and hurriedly started to check.

Arm fracture reduction?

This……

If the dislocation can be reset, he believes that some experts or TCM orthopaedics can indeed do it.

However, the difficulty of forearm reduction is very high.

Most people don't dare to try it easily.

Ma Lianshan hurriedly lowered his head and began to examine it carefully, but...the more the patient's arm was examined, the more uneasy he felt in his heart.

After a while, Ma Lianshan glanced at the nurse beside Qin Hao, then at the patient and family members: "Get up!"

"Xiaoyun, you take the patient's family to the hospital in a police car!"

"Do an x-ray of the patient to see what's going on."

Ma Lianshan didn't dare to comment on the quality of others at this time, because the condition of the arm seemed to be really much better.

The fracture situation, he dared not imagine!

Can only wait to check.

As for the ambulance, save it if you can. After all, there are still many critically ill patients at the scene.

Right now, this family obviously doesn't need it anymore.

The nurse nodded quickly: "Okay, Director, I'll go now."

...

And this time!

Ma Lianshan looked at Qin Hao beside him: "Who is Director Chen, please point me to it!"

Qin Hao was also looking for it, and finally he saw a pile of people more than ten meters away, and Chen Nan took out an acupuncture needle.

Qin Hao's eyes suddenly lit up: "Go!"

"Director Ma!"

"Director Chen is over there, it seems that he needs to be treated again!"

"Go and see."

Before Ma Lianshan turned around, Qin Hao pulled him to the side.

Looking there, Malianshan couldn't help but look solemn.

The patient had just passed by, and the situation was very dangerous. It seemed that the internal organs were injured, and there was heavy bleeding outside. He had to stop the bleeding immediately and transfer it to the hospital.

But……

What can Chinese medicine do for such a patient?

To be honest, Malianshan has never heard of Chinese medicine first aid.

In particular, the first aid of this kind of trauma is rarely heard.

...

...

ps: There are only 8,000 words, sorry, because writing these things requires too much information to be queried.

It may be easier to write about Western medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine wants to write cool and true. It is too difficult!

It has to be realistic, and it cannot be written blindly.