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The principle of the most primitive steam engine is actually very simple. To use the power of steam, it is nothing more than to let the steam convert its own kinetic energy into mechanical kinetic energy that can be easily used by people.

In this era, the processing capacity is limited, and it is very difficult to use the kinetic energy of steam through things like nest fans. Naturally, the steam must be guaranteed to have greater pressure to drive the machinery.

The principle of this equipment actually does not require steam, you only need to blow it with your mouth to verify whether it can be achieved.

It is simply to convert the kinetic energy of the flowing air into the kinetic energy of the moving machinery as much as possible.

When the flowing airflow passes through a closed pipe with a piston, the piston will be pushed, and the kinetic energy of the airflow will be converted into the kinetic energy of the piston. But there is no long enough pipe in the world that can allow the piston to move infinitely at the same time.

It moves in one direction. So the piston must find a way to convert kinetic energy through reciprocating motion.

How to reciprocate? The principle is also very simple. Just put the piston in a pipe that can be ventilated at both ends. First, introduce steam from one end, so that the piston will be pushed toward the other end of the pipe.

In the past, wait until the piston is pushed to the bottom of the other end. Then introduce steam from the other end and push the piston back again.

This is the basic principle of the reciprocating steam engine. To achieve this, you only need to add a mechanism above the piston. After it is pushed to the bottom, it will automatically trigger the mechanism to close the air inlet at the previous end and open the other end.

Air intake.

In this way, the recent direction can be automatically switched to allow the steam engine to run. At this time, only a flywheel is needed to ensure the cycle stability of this process, and the power can be output continuously and stably.

Before the actual steam engine that could be used in actual situations was manufactured, related small steam engine models had already been produced.

The small steam engine model is actually not that difficult. It can be easily realized. And this magical power that allows the car to run freely can almost be regarded as a miracle in this era. Even if it is not a miracle, it is definitely

Level of magic.

Fortunately, the population in this territory gradually received education. They also began to have their own unique understanding of this strange phenomenon. They realized that this was not a special phenomenon created by the gods. It was a real phenomenon.

The power of natural science derived from this world.

After they clearly saw the principle of piston movement, the originally mysterious veil was lifted. During the heated discussion, many people were thinking about how to enlarge this thing. How to install it in the car? And

How to replace the cattle to help them cultivate their fields?

Chengying sent the steam engine design that was most suitable for this era to the factory and started production. While producing, students who had learned relevant technologies discussed how to design a steam engine that was suitable for this era. And they were given enough resources.

conduct experiment.

The experiment was not over until they successfully designed drawings that were almost identical to those in the factory. After the experiment, the relevant drawings were naturally put into production. However, by this time the factory had actually produced many

Steam engine. This is done to ensure that the scientific research capabilities of the territory will not be reduced due to its existence. It will also not waste time due to scientific research, resulting in the inability to produce advanced equipment in time.

So after everyone discussed and implemented multiple plans, they finally found a mature plan. Within a few days, the first steam engine had already appeared in the city and was installed inside a textile workshop.

It has replaced human and animal power and has become a tool that never stops and is tireless.

At the same time, a large number of steam engines were transported to the mines. This is where these steel monsters are best suited to exert their abilities. There are often situations such as water accumulation in the mine caves, and water is pumped through manpower. For manpower

The consumption is really too great. And these machines can completely replace humans with their tireless power to complete this work.

At the same time, it can also rely on its own huge strength to pull a car full of ore all the way up from the track.

If people were to do this work, transporting a mine cart once would be enough to exhaust several young and strong miners.

And if the machine is used, as long as its power is enough to pull the car, it will be tireless.

The biggest advantage of placing it in a mine is that there is a coal mine next to it. There is no need to cherish the fuel for this thing. It is all around. It doesn't hurt at all to burn coal.

Chengying had already made a series of development plans after the emergence of the steam engine. So after these things were produced and assembled in large quantities, they were immediately assigned to the positions that best suited them.

At the same time, after this thing was manufactured, the manufacturing of trains was also put on the agenda.

The most important thing is that as soon as the train is manufactured, it can be put into use immediately without the need to build rails in advance.

Because rail trains were actually born much earlier than trains. Rails can save labor. Even if trains were not invented, people discovered it. Therefore, the first people to use rails were not trains, but livestock.

Rail train as a power source.

There are already such rail trains between coal mines and industrial areas. Now they just replace the animals pulling the carts with steam engines, and very few modifications are needed.

However, most of today's tracks are made of wood. Although they are relatively strong, they will gradually become overwhelmed as the vehicles become heavier and heavier.

Therefore, while these tracks are temporarily used, new tracks will also be put on the agenda.

Railway rails are sufficient for this era. And the replacement of rails is not that difficult. Because when the wooden rails were designed before, replacement was already taken into consideration. The wooden rails themselves also need to be replaced frequently. They will

It wears out continuously during use.

In this way, the problem is easily solved. As long as the rails with the same specifications as the wooden rails are manufactured, they can be directly replaced and installed without wasting any time, manpower and material resources.

It can be said that all of this has been prepared during planning and can be replaced at any time. As the steam train roared for the first time, the residents of this remote city also realized that times may have changed. In their

In this era, the power of steam is destined to replace human and animal power and become the most magnificent main force in the new era in the future.

And because of the emergence of steam engines, brand-new cities that did not rely on space gates were built one after another.

To a certain extent, they cannot be called cities. In essence, these are just settlements where humans gather together. In the past, they could only be called villages.

Because these cities do not have their own city walls, at most they have some low earth slopes on the periphery, which can be used for defense.

But their scale has far exceeded the limits of the previous city. When the previous city was the largest, there were at most 500,000 people in a city, unless it was a giant city like the capital of the empire with multiple cities connected together.

The population can reach millions. But it is not essentially a city, but a group of cities joined together. The population within a circle of city walls usually does not exceed one million.

At present, the population of these villages without city walls has reached the level of 100,000. They can no longer be called villages. They can only be said to be cities on another level.

After the railway connects these cities with the central city with a portal, you will find that the traffic in these cities is actually not much worse than the city with a portal. The originally long distance between the two cities only became smaller after the railway was connected.

It takes less than a day to travel hundreds of miles to another city, or even complete a round trip.

In the past, it was possible to achieve this level if we worked hard, but in that case only a few people and a small amount of materials could shuttle between different cities at such high speed. If it was a large army, the march would take at least several days.

Logistics supply is even more difficult.

With the advent of railways, both personnel and materials can be transported in large quantities between different cities in a short time. Although there is still a huge gap compared to the instantaneous crossing of space gates, the problem is that the number of these railways is

There can be many, and different cities can also be connected to each other.

Portals can only connect two places together, while railways can closely connect one city with other cities.

Because of this, from a certain level, the railway's bonus effect on transportation is even stronger than the portal in the city.

However, in Cheng Ying's view, after the emergence of railways, the value of teleportation gates has further increased, because cities with teleportation gates can also build railways. In this way, the area that hub cities with teleportation gates can control is larger than before.

More, when the railway connects one portal after another, the distance between one city after another is shortened to the point of being within easy reach.

According to the history of this world, if you want to establish an empire, you must at least build cities on four adjacent portals on the same side.

Originally, it was relatively difficult to achieve this condition, otherwise, achieving this level of conditions would not be enough to establish an empire.

But now that the railway has appeared, the difficulty of achieving similar conditions has been greatly reduced. Originally, the distance between cities could not exceed a hundred miles, preferably within fifty miles, so that they could be counted as being on the same side.

Neighboring cities can play a role in helping each other.

But if the railway exists, even if the distance between the two cities exceeds a hundred miles. As long as there is a railway and they are connected to each other, the time and consumption required to transport materials between the two cities may not be as good as the original fifty miles.

.

This means that cities that were not adjacent to each other before are now able to function as adjacent cities after being connected by railways.

Then the capital of the future empire may need to be a city network constructed of cities that are actually connected by railways.

And such a city network is indestructible to a certain extent.

Cheng Ying has actually begun to consider building such a city cluster. Although the location of his initial city is too remote. There is not even another city within 500 miles, but it can be used as his rear area.

, you don’t have to worry about being snatched away by others when you develop science and technology here.

No one cares about them at all, and once they develop and prosper, it will be difficult for others to stop them.

Nowadays, urban agglomerations are spreading in all directions along the railway lines.

These cities are often built on coal mines, iron ores and other important minerals.

They were like mold on oranges, rapidly spreading across this land that no one cared about before.

The railway is like a tentacle that is about to touch the surrounding cities.

Through the use of hang gliders and his own bugs to investigate the surrounding area, Cheng Ying has roughly obtained a map of the surrounding area, which is the location of the portals in those places around him.

And this area of ​​his is truly an indisputable place for military strategists.

Even after leaving his most isolated land, the nearest teleportation gate is single. There is no teleportation gate adjacent to him on the same side, and the nearest teleportation gate is two hundred miles away.

This distance is already quite far for the armies of this era, and it is difficult to help each other. Moreover, there is a mountain range that is not too high between the two portals, completely isolating the two places.

Come.

The scattered portals around them all look similar. They are two to three hundred meters away from each other. It is difficult for them to help each other through regular troops. They are occupied by different forces. However, in their view,

There is basically no possibility for me to compete for the dominance of the next empire in the future. The rulers are all conservative forces, and they are ready to wait until the new empire is born, just like the new empire will be loyal to a noble title. With their current situation

This kind of terrain will still be a remote area even after the empire is established in the future. Even if the empire's army successfully unifies the empire, they will not put much energy on them.

What these conservative forces don't know is that in Cheng Ying's view, their territory is actually quite good. If these cities that are not too far apart are connected to each other, it can even be enough to build a twelve-city alliance.

This is only counting the towns on the same side. If you include the other side of the portal, there are thirty cities that can be closely connected by railways, and the land area they control exceeds 15 million square meters.

Kilometers, just the range of direct control is enough to build an empire.

[To be continued]

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