Eight Hills in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

"Eastern Jin Beifu Yiqiu eight ( to find the latest chapter!

Liu Muzhi was a little surprised, and his eyes narrowed open opened: "Ruben I know, now many people learn calligraphy using this, but what is printing?"

Liu Yu smiled slightly: "Let’s talk about rubbings first. Since ancient times, if you want to copy these words in large quantities, you usually rely on human copying. This will waste manpower and material resources and is prone to errors. The more ancient books, the more It is not easy to preserve because of its extremely high cost. As a country and the court, it is often impossible to continuously invest manpower and material resources in this area."

Liu Muzhi nodded: "Yes, so many of the ancient books are kept by the ancestral collections of some cultural families. The main reason for their refusal to leak these books is that they are afraid of damage and let their nephews learn these books. , Is to let them copy these books and copy them again, but many people see some ancient sayings and they have some ideas. Sometimes they will substitute their own words in or annotate them when they copy them. After a long time, There are often many different versions of the same ancient book. This is the difference between the so-called Jinwen Confucianism and the Ancient Confucianism since the pre-Han."

Liu Yuzheng said: "Yes, this kind of copying for future generations and passing on to later generations is the modern classics, and the originals of the ancient texts found from some ancient tombs are the ancient classics. Even if it is Confucius, it may be against the ancients. The scriptures of Jinwen will also be revised, which has caused the dispute between Jinwen and Guwen Confucianism that has lasted for hundreds of years in the Han Dynasty. It must be said that the decline of Confucian Confucianism and the rise of Taoist metaphysics are followed by the two schools of Jinwen and Guwen. This kind of infighting has a lot to do."

Liu Muzhi laughed and said: "Yes, this kind of academic sectarian disputes started with the academic itself, and later attacked the other party for fraud, and then used political power to fight against it. Just like Confucian classics, there used to be Guliang school and leftist school. Since the establishment of Taixue by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a certain number of doctors have been established based on Confucian Confucian classics. Each school is allocated a certain number of places, and these places will be allocated to some fixed families. It can be said that this kind of family has the right to define and interpret the country’s main consciousness and thoughts, and that this kind of family has mastered the number of Ph.D. dynasties, but this theory of governance can be passed on forever. Therefore, this aspect The competition will be extremely fierce."

Liu Yu sighed: "In fact, this is this kind of power struggle. For these masters of Confucian Classics, obtaining the state-recognized PhD status of Taixue means that they can recruit disciples and open up branches and leaves. When there are more disciples, especially when there are more disciples in power, the status of the sect can be strengthened. These are the fundamentals. Therefore, fighting over and over is to fight for the benefits of reality. In order to fight against opponents, the means are also endless. The best one is to refute the other side's classics, which are false."

Liu Muzhi laughed and said, "Send slaves, ah slaves, you really have you. I don’t think that even the literati fighting for thousands of years can be seen clearly. Yes, the doctrines of their own classics, one by one. Explain, rebut, how can it be easy to directly say that the other party is a fake book! Ancient texts and modern texts are separated by thousands of years, or even longer, even if they are copied from generation to generation, they will definitely be very different, just like this kind of transmission in our army. The password is passed from beginning to end by a hundred people, and there will be at least three to four words in ten words in a sentence. It is impossible to argue whether it is true or not."

Liu Yu nodded: "Yes, so the modern literature school said that the ancient books in the ancient tombs of the ancient literature school were forged, while the ancient literature school said that the ancient literature school's classics were privately modified by later generations. Who is right? It's impossible to verify, but what they are fighting for is nothing more than the number of Ph.Ds who are too scholars. In the end, the two sides have fought for hundreds of years, but the result is that the study of classics has declined, and the rise of metaphysics has all ended."

Liu Muzhi looked at Liu Yu and blinked his eyes: "Jinu, you have said so much, but you want to say that only by using this rubbing technique can these articles and classics be exactly the same. Keep it as it is?"

Liu Yu smiled slightly: "Yes, in order to preserve their thoughts and culture forever, the ancients often engraved these words on the tripod or stone, such as Le Shi Yanran, so that they can be compared Bamboo slips are older and better handed down. After all, bamboo slips will wear out after hundreds of years, while stones can experience thousands of years of wind and frost. This is true even for epitaphs and inscriptions carved for ancestors."

Liu Muzhi smiled and said: "Yes, everyone hopes that the merits and virtues of our ancestors will be passed on forever. The popularity of calligraphy, especially the appearance of running script and cursive script, is not for writing official documents, but for writing inscriptions. The dragons and snakes on the stone are more imposing. And the famous calligraphers, they also hope that their peerless names will be passed on forever."

"By the way, the book saint Wang Xizhi of the Wang clan of Langya ~ www.wuxiaspot.com~ At the calligraphy contest of Lanting, he wrote the masterpiece, the preface of Lanting, which is the result of the common action of the time, the place, the people and He himself said that it would be impossible for him to write it again. It is a pity that such a peerless work cannot be carved on a stone tablet, so the original version of the preface to the Lanting Collection is The priceless treasure of the world, even if you take out a county or even a county, you may not be able to get it."

Liu Yu smiled slightly: "So, if you want to preserve the essence of these calligraphy, or the ancient books, rubbing technology will appear. On top of these stone tablets, a piece of wet paper will be covered, because the engraved characters will sink, so The wet paper will also sink into these places and will no longer be flat. At this time, if ink pad or ink is applied to the back of the paper, these depressions with words will become different from the surrounding color. After the paper dries , The original words will be displayed. This is rubbing technology, isn't it?"

Liu Laozhi laughed: "It seems that you have actually studied this. I thought that only those who want to learn calligraphy would study this. However, this kind of rubbing technique can retain the original as much as possible. However, it is not easy to copy. A piece of wet paper is stuck on the surface, so that the paper is trapped in the places where it is stuck, and another layer of dry rice paper is applied to absorb water, and then on the dry paper Apply the ink carefully, this will make the wet paper show two colors of black and white, the place where it is stuck is white, and the other normal sides are black. After that, the ink will be removed and air-dried. It will take a few days to draw a character. , It’s better to copy it quickly."

Liu Yu smiled and waved his hand: "You don't have to be so troublesome, we can mass-produce it, just like the one used to build nails in the yard, do you remember the magical effect of the sand-finding method? And this is called printing!"