Enter the Immortal Cultivation

Isotope half-life is a very complex and huge topic.

In other words, isotopes themselves are a huge topic.

Each of the 118 known elements has several isotopes - of course, this is still a discovery of the universe without spiritual energy.

In this universe, the isotopes of each element are several times or even dozens of times more than those in the universe without spiritual energy.

Of course, this is nothing. In fact, the subversive zeroth element [usually written in the Shenzhou human language (zero gas)] seems to be realistic. As long as the spiritual energy is sufficient, the isotopes of an element can be infinite.

In fact, element zero seems to be an element with "infinitely many isotopes". In recent years, the most debated issue in Fenjingu is "Are the elements composed of three neutrons and the elements composed of five neutrons the same element?" Is element zero "an element with many isotopes" or "a family of different types of elements"?

Of course, this is just a problem of human internal definition and does not affect the facts of the universe. Humans argue about it only because they hope to limit the "truth" to the system of "science" where predecessors can completely pass on their thoughts and things to their descendants.

In fact, most isotopes that can only exist in a high-spiritual environment, or elements unique to a high-spiritual environment, will decay immediately or even directly fission when placed in a Yuanling environment.

Therefore, the discussion of the half-life of an element isotope is actually the middle value between "the lowest spiritual environment in which this isotope can exist" and "the highest spiritual environment in which this element isotope can exist stably".

When the background spiritual energy reaches a certain level, the isotopes that originally existed in a low-spiritual environment will not only not decay, but will actively absorb neutrons.

In the high-spiritual mass extinction, water turned into heavy water and super-heavy water because hydrogen atoms actively absorbed free neutrons produced by cosmic rays or other reasons in a high-spiritual environment.

And "the highest spiritual level at which this isotope will not actively absorb neutrons" is "the highest spiritual environment in which this element isotope can exist stably".

Under normal circumstances, the "highest" of heavy elements is generally higher than that of light elements. In fact, many heavy elements cannot exist stably in a low-spiritual environment.

The Ming people live underground. The core of many rocky planets is indeed composed of the most abundant heavy element, iron, and the abundance of cobalt and nickel is not low. When the planet is formed, more and heavier elements are indeed easy to gather in the core.

However, there is only one point.

"They don't seem to have the concept of 'mass'." Bai Jizhen insisted on his opinion: "Without the concept of mass, how can you detect the existence of isotopes?"

The existence of isotopes is almost impossible to detect by spiritual consciousness.

The cultivators were able to detect the existence of atoms very early. Among the modern cultivators, if the Jindan stage cultivators concentrate their spiritual consciousness in a very small area, they can have a slight perception.

But it is strange that after this, no matter how the spiritual consciousness is improved in breadth and accuracy, no matter how it is concentrated, the "atoms" seen will not be clearer. For the Mahayana cultivators, atoms are still a kind of "irregular fuzzy mass".

This is because, if we go down to the subatomic scale, then we will have to deal with the problem of the ethereal way.

Most high-level cultivators of most civilizations can slightly perceive the existence of atoms. But even the more powerful individuals among the immortals find it difficult to directly break through this limit.

And the masters who break through this level are mostly those who have the essence of the past and the future returning to one body. This is not a small cadre among the descendants of the heavenly family.

The Ming clan has no correct understanding of "ascension" and "immortality", and it is estimated that the strongest master is the Mahayana period.

Wang Qi himself does not believe that they have such a precise spiritual consciousness.

In this regard, Wang Qi nodded and admitted: "It is difficult for me to believe it. The accuracy of their spiritual consciousness is at most to recognize that there are different types of atoms."

What the spiritual consciousness can confirm is nothing more than the structure of the outermost electrons. At least at the stage of ordinary immortals, it is like this.

Except for the transition elements in the center of the Tianxu table, all other elements have the same number of outermost electrons as other elements in the same column, and have similar physical properties.

In the absence of the concept of "mass", it is common to mistake elements of the same main group for the same element.

It can even be said that this group may not have the concept of "matter" in the conventional sense.

In this case, it is too difficult for them to recognize the concepts of "decay" and "isotopes".

Ke Li Ke thought for a moment and put forward another view: "It is not necessarily impossible. The Fire People generally have... extraordinary perception of the forehead, right?"

The Fire People's perception of light and heat cannot be described as conventional "sharpness". Most of the Fire People live in areas with extremely strong light and heat. They have no perception of weaker light and heat - just like human hearing has limits.

However, in a specific range, human hearing can be called "sharp".

They have superhuman perception of electromagnetic radiation - this perception is difficult to describe with the senses known to humans such as vision and hearing, but is a full-scale perception with many forms and a wide range.

The world in the eyes of the Fire People is completely different from that in the eyes of the Earth People.

"Even if they are gifted, they have to find a way to separate the nuclides, right? They don't even know what 'mass' is!"

The most common way to separate isotopes is, of course, centrifugation. As long as the centrifuge rotates fast enough, even isotopes with very small molecular weight differences can be separated.

Of course, this method is more advantageous in separating isotopes of heavy elements.

On Earth, this method is usually used to separate uranium 235 - that is, to make nuclear weapons.

By the way, in some eras, centrifuges of this level were also used to mix ice crystals, dairy products and air - that is, to make ice cream.

This was also the method used by the Shenzhou people to study isotopes in the early days.

However, it was limited to the early days.

With the deepening of the understanding of atoms, it is not difficult for Shenzhou monks to prepare isotopes themselves. Monks above the Yuanshen stage can complete the preparation by building a small collision array. Therefore, Shenzhou does not have the various isotope separation methods on Earth.

Wang Qi thought carefully: "If you insist... there are people who use electromagnetic field magic to complete isotope separation..."

In fact, he really knows a little about this thing.

In the Nanming Nuclear Research Center, which he has entrusted to the Taoist Priest, and he doesn't know whether it still exists, he has also studied related fields and has practiced it.

However, his understanding is indeed limited.

At the beginning, he studied element zero.

Element zero is completely composed of neutrons, without positive or negative charge, and it is difficult to separate it using electromagnetic field magic.

"Let me think...the high temperature and high pressure environment they live in, it is basically impossible to use a third substance to change the physical properties or extract with a solution...However, the number of neutrons in the nuclei of different isotopes is different, and the relative molecular mass is quite different, so the properties of thermal motion are significantly different..."

"Thermal diffusion method." Ke Li Ke said with some nostalgia: "When I just entered Taoism, this was a somewhat famous achievement. Look at it now, you young people have never heard of it."

Wang Qi nodded: "They have some experience in manipulating thermal energy..."

At present, it is far inferior to the level of the True Flame God, whose skills are close to Taoism. The natural magic of the Ming people is still mainly based on Yuan magnetism. But this is the natural advantage of the Fire People. Even the Fire People with the worst talent will be stronger than most Fire People after training.

——As for why it is not said to be stronger than all or the strongest Earth People...it is because the Dragon Clan alone has greatly raised the upper limit of the Earth People.

Wang Qi analyzed: "They are likely to detect half-life directly by observing radiation and long-term changes in metal properties. But the prerequisite is that they need to purify some isotopes... and they have to be stored in a high-temperature, high-pressure, and fluid-filled area."

"And to accomplish this, you must know how to refine tools... Speaking of which, I haven't seen these Fire People use even one magic tool these days?"

The Fire People have almost no rest mass. Therefore, when their cultivation is not high, they can make the immortals of the Unearthed People far behind.

But in contrast, they can't even carry a gram of matter.

But this does not mean that the Fire People cannot use tools.

As long as you are willing to give up the talent for escape that is not too difficult to reach sub-light speed, you can get the right to use tools.

The True Flame God is a typical example. If they disperse the ice around them, they can also escape at a very high speed.

——So the one suppressed by Wang Qi was just unlucky, and happened to be injured and couldn't leave the Ice City.

The other way is to use magic tools that also have no rest mass.

A magnetic field solidified by special spiritual power, a group of electrons, a group of photons, and so on.

Although liquid magic tools are not common, they do exist. Although the ability to bind a group of photons is much more difficult than refining a group of water into a magic tool, it is not impossible after all.

But the Ming people do not have any magic tools of this form - except for transforming the natural magnetic energy of the planet to build roads and houses, they have no other transformation of nature. It's as if they don't know how to use tools at all.

Ke Li Ke said: "Wang Qi, don't draw conclusions now. As a celestial being, it's too early for you to draw conclusions. In fact, the problems you guessed will be solved in a short time. Those Ming people will give us the answers themselves."