Firmament

Don't throw away the old leather pits.

- Kazakh proverb

After Gong Binggui's elder brother Gong Bingliang completed the Northern Expedition that year, he proposed to the commander that he needed to take care of his blind parents, and retired and returned to his hometown Jinling.

Old Lady Gong and Old Lady Gong sent away Gong Binggui's family, who moved west, thinking about it all night, and restless. Suddenly heard that the eldest son Gong Bingliang was back, and the old couple felt some relief and joy in their hearts.

While reciting Amitabha, Old Lady Gong grabbed Gong Bingliang's hands, and asked him to tell the story of the Northern Expedition like a child.

Mrs. Gong complained to her wife on the side: "My son has just returned home, let him rest for a while." I see that you are happy and confused! Don't you remember the clan motto left by the ancestors of the Gong family? Don't get involved in political affairs, and don't intervene in state affairs. I remember it clearly. "

Old lady Gong said impatiently: "The rise and fall of the country is the responsibility of the husband. What do you know about a blind old woman?".

Mrs. Gong replied angrily: "Okay." Good. I'm a blind old woman, are you a young offspring with a bright heart?".

Gong Bingliang watched his parents choke each other interestingly, and said happily: "Dad, Mom, don't quarrel." Dad, sit down. I'll take two sips of tea first, and then I'll give you a slow passage to the old man. "

Old Lady Gong hurriedly echoed: "Yes." Right. Drink a cup of hot tea. "

Gong Bingliang took a few sips of tea beautifully. He wiped the drops of water from the corners of his mouth with his hands and told his parents the story of the Northern Expedition.

Gong Bingliang spoke for about an hour. In the end, he concluded: "This time, we have finally driven the northern country back to their hometown, and relieved the hatred of the oppressed people. I see that for at least 50 years they will not have the power to oppose us again. After the end of the war, we did not immediately return to Gangnam because the general demanded that Kiyono be fortified. "

Old Lady Gong's eyes widened, and she asked puzzledly, "What are the requirements of Qingye Jianbi?"

Gong Bingliang replied: "All the officials who exercised brutal rule and oppression against the common people in the past will be killed, and there will be no one left." Otherwise, it will be difficult for the people to be angry. "

Old Lady Gong excitedly waved his bruised hand and said angrily: "The people who should be killed the most are those Caimu people. They are the hardest lackeys and thugs!".

Gong Bingliang said:

"Your old man is so right! The Rainbow Man and the Northern Nation are a pair of people who are dependent on each other and do evil. Most of them were officials, businessmen, and rulers in the royal palace and the magistrate's palace. Now, the king slapped his ass and ran back to the Mobei grassland. They have become the remnants of the abandoned forces of the previous dynasty, from vested interests to heinous sinners, and they are the remnants of the empire that the northern countries do not care about, and the southern countries do not want to see them.

"The king decreed that all the northern and chaemu people who held official positions should not use their own names, but should change them to the names of the southern countries, and that they should be passed down from generation to generation. The aim is to naturalize the countries of the South and integrate them into civilized society.

The king also stipulated that the common people throughout the country should wear clothes and hats in accordance with Tang costumes. It is forbidden for the people of the color to wear their clothes and not to use their language. "

Old lady Gong approvingly: "The king is really wise and great! From ancient times to the present, the family rules and national laws are the only ones in my eastern country. Dongyi, Xirong, Beidi, and Nanban are self-contained, ignorant and slow, and must rely on our country to enlighten and educate. "

As Gong Bingliang recounted, the special northern and Caimu people scattered throughout the country were ordered to hide their own names, change them to the names of southern people, take off their gorgeous family clothes, put on simple southern costumes, and not use their own language in public. After a few years, it is difficult to tell who a person really is if you look at it only from the name and clothing, except for a few strange surnames.

In the east of Hezhou City in the central part of Longyuan Province, there is a large loess plateau with high middle and low all around. Because it is located in the east of Hezhou City, people call this place Dongxiang.

The Dongxiang Plateau has deep ravines, rugged and uneven, traffic is blocked, and there are few mountains and highlands. The land is very barren. Resources are extremely scarce. The climate is capricious, sometimes dry and rainless, sometimes torrential rain. The natural environment is very harsh and does not have the basic conditions for human survival.

The

deep ravines of Dongxiang are inhabited by a group of Satas descended from Khwarazm soldiers and craftsmen. Originally, these Sarthas served in the army of the Northern Nation. After the war, they were unable to return to their hometowns and were placed here by the government to cultivate land.

They tried their best to reclaim palm-sized land in the barren mountains and mountains, worked tirelessly, and always watched God's face to harvest and eat. Only on the day of the market, they will go out of the mountains and come to the bazaar on the bank of the Daxia River outside Hezhou City to buy daily necessities, or barter, and the rest of the time they will live in seclusion in the deep ravine, living a life of poverty and seclusion.

Due to the remoteness of Dongxiang and the closure of traffic, the Salta people basically maintained the characteristics of the Khorezmian people in their original form, speaking a Sarta language mixed with steppe vocabulary. Men wear long sandaches with white and yellowish turbans around their heads, or white round hats without brims.

The Hasim family lives in Dongguan, the city of Hezhou. Standing in the courtyard, you can see the rolling mountains of Togo. Before the arrival of the Southern Army, he did not find a suitable opportunity to escape, so he concealed his true identity and survived.

Seeing that there was no way out to continue his escape, Hasim took out the gold and silver buried in the ground, bought a shop in the city of Hezhou, and started a silk business. Once a professional saddler (sarta, royal merchant) of the royal palace, it was now easy for him to engage in such a small business. Hasim soon became one of the wealthier businessmen in River State.

The

holy decree prohibiting the Caimu people from using the surname Hu was transmitted to Hezhou. When Hasim heard about it, he was furious and frightened. He gathered the men of the family together and held a secret family meeting to discuss the change of surname.

Refusal to carry out the king's orders is undoubtedly an egg to a stone. Everyone has no big objections to changing their names and surnames, except for anger. The question is, what kind of surname is appropriate? They had never thought about it before. The house is full of people scratching their ears and scratching their heads, and they don't agree with each other.

Hasim's eldest son, Doth (Salta, friendship, friend), thought for a while and proposed: "I see that the people of the south take the first letter of their father's name as their surname. For example, Li Tiande, who sells medicinal herbs on East Street, has sons named Li Youcai, Li Yingcai, and Li Yucai. The first letter of Ada's name is Ha. Let's just follow Ada's surname, right?"

The second son, Najang (Salta, sun), shook his head and said, "Brother's suggestion is inappropriate. You see, there is no surname Ha among the people of the South. If the government sees our surname Ha, it will definitely doubt our identity. Didn't our ancestor Ali live in Niujie in Zhongdu? When we passed by Longxi, Gongchang Prefecture, we saw that there were many people with the surname Niu. We like to eat beef and mutton every day. In order for future generations to remember the family history, I think it is better to have the surname Niu. "

Hashim felt that Najan was very reasonable, and decided to say, "I think we will all be surnamed Niu." It's safer to use a popular surname. From then on, my name was Niu Hasim. Duosi is called Niu Duosi. Najang is Niu Narang. Naturally, Dora is Cow Dora. From now on, we will use the names of people from the south to avoid unnecessary trouble. If the king decrees that the name should be changed in the future, we will ask the imam to choose a saint's name to put on the child after the child is born. The name can be used at home and among relatives to allow future generations to remember their roots. "

The third son, Doro (Salta, head), pondered for a while and said, "Ada, if the Sartars all change their words to the southerners, change their surnames to the southerners, and also change their clothes to the southerners, will the descendants forget history?

Hearing Doro's words, Hasim bowed his head in pain and groaned. After a while, he slowly raised his head and said in a resolute tone: "Clothes, language, and names are all external things, which have changed since ancient times, and there is no such thing as eternal change. The most important thing is that we must maintain the perseverance and the righteous and tough blood of the Sarta people, keep the faith in our hearts, and always pursue what is true, good and beautiful. "

Doth, Najang, Doro, and the others nodded vigorously in agreement.

After a hundred years of historical changes, the Salur people living in the valley of the river at the foot of the Lazhi Mountain have ushered in a major turning point like the Salta people.

In 1370, the god treasure of Garemang, a descendant of the head of Salur in Jishi Prefecture, faced the powerful momentum of the southern kingdom, and the flexible cells in his brain were instantly activated by the wolf smoke of war. Like his ancestors, who had joined the western expedition of the steppe kingdom in the past, he wisely declared his independence from the northern kingdom and led all his people to the newly established southern kingdom. The wisdom of the Salurians saved them from the danger of being slaughtered.

Shenbao conscientiously obeyed the king's decree on changing his surname, and gladly accepted the Han surname given by the royal family, changing his name from Shenbao to Hanbao.

Three years later, the king formally established the Tusi system in Jiseok Prefecture, in which the local chiefs exercised self-government. The settlement of the Salur people belongs to the Thousand Households of Hezhou Wei. The king appointed Han Bao to serve as the hereditary hundred households of the Thousand Households of Jishi Prefecture, and his title was Zhaoxin Captain and the Hundred Households of the Army. Han Bao was the first Tusi in the history of the Salur people. Since then, this official position has been hereditary by the descendants of Shenbao until the Northeast Kingdom replaced the Southern Kingdom and was reformed to the Stream.

Among Hassan's direct descendants was a young man named Hussein. He actively defended Han Bao's authority and followed Han Bao to be enthusiastic about the cause of others. He begged Han Bao to choose a surname for him.

In view of the loyalty of Hussein and his family, Han Bao happily rewarded him with his Han surname and named him Han Hussein.

The king's edict was transmitted to the western frontier state of Jishi through post stations. After all, the mountains here are high and the roads are far away, the transportation is inconvenient, and there is a lack of foreign exchanges. The government has no time to govern the cities and towns, and it is even more incapable of managing the vast rural areas.

The

social formation and way of life of the Salurians have not changed much from the situation they had when they first arrived. They have the surnames of the Southerners, but they still speak their own language and wear their own clothes. Due to their frequent contacts with the neighboring Tibetans and Huihuis, they unwittingly borrowed some Tibetan vocabulary. The same living environment and geographical environment also prompted them to adopt some customs and production lifestyles of the Tibetan people.

With the recovery and development of the country's social economy, the distribution and economic situation of Caimu people have also undergone new developments and changes.

The soldiers who participated in the garrison were fixed throughout the country for a long time. They cultivated the land, multiplied, and gradually formed a stable residential area. The Saimu people, who had been doing business and trading in various places for a long time, gathered in the gathering places of the same clan and settled down and lived a stable life. They worked and lived together with the surrounding southern Chinese, steppe people, and Tibetan people, and established a social production based on agriculture, and at the same time engaged in handicrafts and animal husbandry, and the best thing they were at was their old business and trade.

The commercial trade from the south to the north, the soldiers who served in the Tuntian town, and the eunuchs of officials and scholars made the distribution of the Caimu people more and more scattered and more extensive. They are scattered in large numbers and small gatherings, often forming their own villages in rural areas, and often living in Guanxiang or a number of streets and alleys in cities and towns, forming a unique cultural life circle.

Just as the Hasim family fled west to Hezhou, a large number of Caimu people who belonged to the southern country migrated to Sanqin Province and Longyuan Province one after another, resulting in a sharp increase in the population of Caimu people here. Sanqin and Longyuan soon became places with a high concentration of Caimu people.