First Minister of Ming Dynasty

Remember [New] for a second,! Zhang Ximeng talked about the mission of the Son of Heaven earlier, and it boiled down to the equal distribution of fields, which can be said to be the highest criterion for the Zhu Family Army.

However, at that time, Zhang Ximeng still had half of his things, and he didn't explain clearly, or he didn't have time to explain clearly why it was wrong to annex the land. The aristocratic family owned the land, but many aristocratic families were not bad people, at least not on the surface. They hosted Be fair, take care of the orphans and widows, repair bridges and roads, set up schools, inculcate customs, encourage goodness...

If you really observe carefully, from the inside to the outside, you will find that the landlords of the aristocratic families are not useless, and the common people do not all regard the landlords as enemies.

Zhang Ximeng advocated cracking down on the tyrannical powers and sharing the land equally. Although he was supported by the Zhu family army, he was not so popular in the civil service system under Li Shanchang's rule, or to put it simply, there were many people who acted in favor of yin and violated the law.

This is not only beneficial, but there are also some reasons that are not clearly explained.

To this day, I can finally tell.

The most basic needs of a person are to have enough food and clothing, to have a piece of land, a few mulberry trees, men to farm and women to weave, naturally.

Is this really the case?

Did the villages for thousands of years come this way too?

At least, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and even earlier in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has not been so simple.

As we all know, the Quan Rong destroyed the Western Zhou Dynasty. During the Warring States Period, the Huns continued to attack the south... The Central Plains were divided into a bunch of countries, and they were attacking each other endlessly. .

In order to cope with internal and external aggression, the establishment of a unified country has become the proposition of the majority of scholars and schools of thought, but there are differences on which country can unify the world and what strategies to use to unify the world.

Since the Qin and Han Dynasties established the Great Unification, the pattern of the Central Plains has changed for one thing. It has established illustrious martial arts externally, solved the threat of the Xiongnu, and made great efforts to govern it internally, so that the world is peaceful and the people are happy.

But the Great Unification Dynasty is not without cost, that is, it needs to maintain a huge administrative team of officials and a strong standing army.

From the standpoint of the common people, on the basis of men's farming and women's weaving, a fixed portion of the harvest must be allocated every year to support the emperor and officials and support military expenses.

In an agricultural society, besides some silk, silk and cloth, the most common currency is food!

Food is the foundation of everything, to fill the stomach, pay taxes, rent, save food for famine, and fight against various risks... Therefore, a strong and healthy man is the natural head of the family.

Even if a woman is ingenious and can earn more money, it will not work. After all, money cannot bring real security, only food!

This is a basic law of the agricultural age, but it's only half of the story, and there's the other half that many people ignore.

Whenever the world is peaceful and the population grows, the land will become tense, and although the development of the agricultural society is slow, it is not without development.

After a long period of accumulation, there will always be new farm tools, high-yield crops will appear, and the land will be able to produce more food under intensive cultivation.

Taking the Song Dynasty as an example, after the introduction of Champaign rice, a farmer could produce food for about three people after farming for a year, which is far more than the previous generation.

There is a surplus of labor at home, what should I do?

As smart as you, would you immediately think of developing industry and commerce, absorbing excess labor, and creating more wealth?

Following this line of thought, should we elevate the status of women and free them from the shackles of the family... Enter workshops, engage in handicrafts, reel silk and weaving, improve family conditions, and increase the taxation of the court by the way, so as to realize the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the people.

If you think about it according to this line of thinking, in fact, what Zhang Ximeng did should be done in the Song Dynasty, and even in the Tang Dynasty when the government's military system collapsed, it can be done.

It's a matter of course, it's a matter of course, this thing is not ahead of time, but just right.

However, if you look at history again, you will find that instead of taking this seemingly natural path, you have chosen another path.

Since the Song Dynasty, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism has gradually emerged, and the defense of men and women has become more and more serious... During the Northern Song Dynasty, women's feet were bound together with the beautiful peonies in Luoyang and the fragrant tea in Jianzhou.

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Lingshi wrote a poem "Huanxisha", one of which was: "Stable small bow shoes with three inches of Luo." Since then, "three inches of golden lotus" has become the name for women's small feet. By the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was common for women to bind their feet. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was a shame for women not to bind their feet.

Of course, at this time, foot binding is only the choice of the upper classes of society. There are not many foot bindings for ordinary women, but the general trend is still more and more, and the binding is getting more and more serious.

When the emperor of the past dynasties approached the court, there has never been a peaceful and prosperous age when a dwarf king had been stunned. Not only did most women have their feet bound, but they also had to be bound until the bones were broken, and their feet were deformed as if they were disabled.

Following this line of thinking, a very cruel conclusion will be drawn.

Agricultural technology has improved, labor efficiency has increased, and agricultural output has increased... It has not released more labor. On the contrary, someone has come up with another strange solution to the problem. Women are completely tied at home, and half of them are abolished. labor force.

And once a woman can't leave the house, the man has to stay at home to take care of his wife and children.

In this way, a large number of laborers are locked on the land, leaving them with no choice but to stably transmit land rents.

Obviously there are better jobs that can create more wealth, but there is no way to break free.

What endorsed and supported this choice was the rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty... Starvation is a small matter, a breach of law is a big thing, preserving the principles of nature, destroying human desires, general ethics, patriarchal obedience... No matter how you interpret it, in fact this whole set of Everything is like layers of shackles, locking people inside, cutting off the room for choice, and turning an individual into an animal in the field.

Lifeless, there is no possibility of any progress.

Continuing to think on this road, it seems that policies such as seclusion and isolation of the country make sense.

Cheng-Zhu's Neo-Confucianism is people's thinking, the superstructure, men's farming and women's weaving, and land tenancy is the economic form and the foundation of Neo-Confucianism... These two are inside and outside of each other, cooperate with each other, and are inseparable.

In this system, it is the gentry who have benefited the most, and it is the scholar-official who defends this system the most... So far, Zhang Ximeng's proposition has been completely logical and self-consistent.

Improving the status of women, giving women property rights, allowing women to go to school, and even more choices are not too advanced ideas. In fact, if the Southern Song Dynasty can do this and release the female labor force, maybe the Southern Song Dynasty will be able to have more. Wealth can mobilize more men to join the army.

The Mongolian iron cavalry is powerful and good, but armed with 500,000 people, 1 million people, 2 million people... they can always win.

From this point of view, Zhang Ximeng is just making up for it.

If we don’t do it now, the inertia of history will continue, and the land-equalization system will collapse after a few decades. Land will be merged, and the gentry and landlords will control the land. In order to tie down the labor force, they may even bind their feet everywhere, and women will not be allowed to leave their homes.

Lock the woman, lock the man, hold the family on the chopping block, and you can ask for anything.

What reform is the biggest and what reform is the most fundamental, there is no doubt that it can promote the development of production... Is the purpose of Juntian just to let people have a piece of land of their own?

Of course it's not that simple... Allocating a piece of land to the people is to give the family the most basic guarantee to survive.

As a member of the family, whether male or female, can have more choices.

Men can work the fields at home, and women can weave in the workshop.

It is also possible to let women look after the house, and men go to the city to work during the slack farming season to make money to support the family.

Even the husband and wife go out, rent the land to others, and collect a rent.

Only in this way can there be an adequate supply of labor and a solid foundation for developing handicrafts and overseas trade.

Otherwise, if the tyrannical landlords are still retained and the land is still rented, there will be no choice.

Don't think that renting the land is enough as long as you pay rent to the landlord on a regular basis. In fact, the landlord's family still has so many jobs, long-term labor, short-term labor... If you don't work for the landlord, you probably won't be able to rent the land.

And there will be a very bad situation, that is, the cost of workshop workers will increase, and it will increase greatly.

According to Zhang Ximeng's approach, after leaving home, whether it is a man or a woman, earning a sum of money back, no matter how much, can subsidize the family and improve their lives.

But in a tenant farmer's house, if someone wants to go out to do business, the landlord may not rent the land to you, and then the whole family will live with you, so your wages will be able to support the whole family. There is no doubt that this money is to be included in the cost of the workshop.

Conversely, with land, your family can live at home with peace of mind, and you can sell your labor with peace of mind. The cost of the workshop will come down, and the competitiveness will come.

Zhang Ximeng was full of confidence, he stood in front of the Yingtian government, and directly settled the account with the people of Yingtian... Is it good or bad to let women come out to do things?

For any family, UU reading www.uukanshu. com to accumulate wealth as soon as possible, whether it is a man or a woman, it is an irresistible temptation to earn a little more money and make life more comfortable.

"I know that the big guys may still be worried, and feel that letting women out will lead to all kinds of bad things, such as immoral and corrupt. Yamen, women must be properly protected, and whoever dares to make trouble will be punished severely! As for some simple prejudices, that is, women are not allowed to come out to do things, I would like to ask the big guys, some people will not let you live a good life, and you will not be allowed to get rich. When you are a roadblock, a stumbling block, what are you going to do?"

what to do?

Zhang Ximeng's question was loud and loud, people, look at me, I look at you, one by one blushed, and suddenly someone shouted, "Smash their dog's head!"

"Yes, smash them all, and leave none of them!"

Zhang Ximeng nodded with a smile, and then looked back at the elders and celebrities in the hall. At this moment, they were already sweating and trembling all over...

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