Genius of the Rules-Style System

Only then did Kesha learn that the domestic team’s analysis and verification report was slow because of the extra work.

But verifying a new particle suspected to be the Higgs?

impossible!

Isn't this a waste of time?

Kesha knew that he was not a top person in quantum physics, but he also knew that it was impossible to detect the Higgs particle in test experiments, at least theoretically.

The owner of the collider is the Nuclear Organization. Major work such as testing new particles requires the Nuclear Organization to complete it together. A single team is only responsible for analyzing part of the data, and it is impossible to rely on part of the data to analyze the particles.

No matter how she thought about it, Kesha thought it was impossible, and even thought it was a bit funny.

A team went to help Zhao Yi conduct research on testing the Higgs particle? These people still think it was successful?

This is too funny!

In the workshop.

Kibor and Ruan Wenye looked at the image data on the computer and felt very incredible. They really couldn't believe that they could actually find the signal of the new particle.

Before entering the data, they had partially accepted the theoretical logic mentioned by Zhao Yi, which is to filter out the data that is definitely irrelevant and use the data that may be relevant to judge the existence of new particles.

Zhao Yi also described the screening mechanism in detail.

Ruan Wenye did not listen carefully.

Kibor listened very seriously, but he was a bit older after all. He had been studying physics all his life. He only had a basic understanding of computer programming and had not really bothered to study it.

Therefore, Kibor still knows little about the screening mechanism designed by Zhao Yi.

Now seeing the results that appeared on the computer, Kibor thought about it carefully and still felt that there was something wrong with the screening mechanism. The screening mechanism was a combination of physics and computers.

Physical theory is the basis of design, and it was guided by himself, so there must be no problem.

It's hard to say about computers.

Whether this screening method is correct or incorrect can only be understood by fully understanding it.

Finally, Kibor let out a long sigh. He couldn't find any problems in the research process, so he could only wait for others to judge.

He didn't know whether he should be disappointed or happy.

He was happy to witness and participate in a research that might discover new particles; disappointed that he did not see the failure he wanted to see, and even if he failed, the process of failure was amazing, at least in terms of the judgment mechanism. You can dig deeper and study it.

The combination of physics and computers really has great research potential.

"Let's do this. After you finish writing the report, I will help you recommend it to others."

Kibor said.

"Thanks!"

Zhao Yi also felt a little excited, he got the result he wanted.

"Don't be too happy too early." Kibor rarely became very serious. "Your research method deviates from the traditional way of proving new particles, so it cannot be measured by the standard of discovering new particles. Whether the final result will be It’s hard to say whether to accept it.”

"yes!"

Kibor's words were recognized by Ruan Wenye.

Ruan Wenye also helped Zhao Yi popularize the international standards for discovering new particles.

In terms of microscopic discovery of new particles, there is a set of universal standards internationally, which is to make a probability judgment on the final result and process. When the probability is greater than a certain value, it can be confirmed that a new particle has been discovered.

The normal standard for measuring the discovery of new particles is called the ‘International Golden 5σ’.

σ is a measure of possibility, which can be understood as probability. For example, consider σ as 19%, and 5σ as 95%. Only when the probability analysis is greater than 5σ can we be sure that new particles have been discovered, otherwise there is a probability It's because of other influences.

Particles are microscopic things that are invisible to the naked eye and are greatly affected by the environment.

In particle collision experiments, the thing that most affects the data is noise. Perhaps a small noise can bias the results, because the way to test new examples is to analyze the final products, that is, photons, leptons, etc., in order to Infer the particles they represent, and tiny particles such as photons and leptons will be affected by noise, resulting in false fluctuations.

If the deviation value is greater than the possibility of false fluctuations, it will be confirmed that new particles have been discovered. Otherwise, there will be great uncertainty.

Zhao Yi eliminated a large part of the data through program screening, and also bypassed the international measurement method for the discovery of new particles. The final results cannot be measured by international standards. It is very difficult to determine whether the final research results will be accepted. Hard to say.

Another thing is that the data analysis he did is incomplete.

Zhao Yi only used the D area data from the team's last experiment and the work task data from this time. The data used accounted for less than one-sixth of the total data.

There is no way around this.

If they want all the data, the domestic team has no choice. They need to apply to the nuclear organization in the form of a report. If the application says "search for new particles", there will definitely be personnel from the core organization involved, but it is more likely. The result is that it will not be approved.

When the research results came out, even Kibor and Ruan Wenye still couldn't accept them, let alone others before the research.

In short, the current data plot seems to indicate success, but whether it is truly successful will need to be widely recognized by the physics community.

This is like an ordinary proof paper. Once written, it does not necessarily mean success. It needs to be published and recognized before the results of the paper can be determined.

…

Before leaving, Kibor promised to recommend Zhao Yi's research results to other physics bosses. Only with the support of physics bosses can the nuclear organization agree to use all data.

In addition, with the support of the physics boss, the conference center can also agree to announce the news and let Zhao Yi make the report alone.

Kibor's weight is not enough. He is indeed a big boss in quantum physics and a member of the Nuclear Council, but his role is mainly to supervise and balance. The symbolic significance is greater than the actual significance, rather than formally participating in the work.

In addition, Kibor did not win a Nobel Prize.

In nuclear organizations, only those who have won the Nobel Prize in Physics can be regarded as truly influential top people.

…

Zhao Yi quickly wrote the paper and printed it out and gave it to Kibor. When Kibor was out walking his dog, he met an acquaintance and gave him the paper.

That's Sheldon Glashow.

Sheldon Glashow is also an old man in his sixties, but he looks much younger than Kibor. He has conducted in-depth research on electroweak theory, GIM mechanism, grand unified theory, etc., and relied on the introduction of short-range Neutral flow, popularizing the electroweak theory proposed by Schwinger, he shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Weinberg and Abdul Salam.

The winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics twenty years ago, Glashow is still very influential today. Glashow is one of the top people involved in research work in nuclear organizations. The students he brought out all play core roles in each team.

Such a top figure in physics is not an easy person to get in touch with. Anyone who knows Glashow knows that his views on academics are very extreme and can be described as 'distinct'.

‘Academic tolerance’ does not exist in him.

For example, superstring theory.

Glashow was a skeptic of superstring theory because it could not provide experimentally testable predictions. He once tried to prevent superstring theorists from entering the Harvard physics department, but Harvard University still accepted superstring theory.

After Harvard University made the decision, Glashow directly chose to resign and was interviewed ten minutes later. He said, "Superstrings are a subject that has nothing to do with powerlessness. You can call it ' tumor'."

This incident shows Glashow’s attitude towards academics.

As long as Glashow believes that something does not exist and is wrong, he will always insist that it is wrong. Unless it can be directly proved to be 100% correct, he will stick to it.

Of course.

In fact, most successful scientists have similar personalities, otherwise it would be really difficult to succeed, but Glashow is more extreme.

Now Glashow's extreme side is on display again.

Glashow still has great recognition for Kibor. Kibor has not won the Nobel Prize in Physics, but the Nobel Prize in Physics does not completely represent ability. Most Nobel Prize winners in physics have more prizes than others who have not won it. It's just a bit of luck.

Kibor just lacks some luck and is no worse than him in ability.

But Kibor's recommendation did not affect his view of the paper. When he saw that the title of the paper was analysis of the discovery of new particles, he immediately raised the corners of his mouth in disdain.

A paper about the discovery of new particles?

What a joke!

If the title of discovery of new particles is acceptable, the paper uses a screening mechanism to remove most of the particles and draws a diagram to draw the conclusion that new particles have been discovered. Glashow immediately scoffed. The main content of the paper was unacceptable to him. It is based on the principle of particle collision, and the main body is indeed a computer algorithm.

Is this using a computer algorithm to find new particles?

This method of searching for new particles was unacceptable to Glashow. He scanned the paper while walking, took a look at the author of the paper, and threw it into a trash can on the street.

"A mathematician doesn't study mathematics well, but you can use computer methods to solve physics problems?"

"How whimsical!"

"I've heard for a long time that there's something wrong with Tom's brain. I didn't expect it to be true and that he still believed in such a thing."

After Glashow threw away the paper, he quickly forgot about it.

at the same time.

The domestic team has also applied to the Nuclear Weapons Organization for a verification analysis report. Normally, after the application is made, a time will be arranged for a report meeting three days later.

After Zhao Yi handed the paper to Kibor, he did not wait idle, because the result was uncertain, and even Kibor was not optimistic about it.

He did something else anyway.

For example, improving the code of the input end of the program is a complex problem. It uses standard samples of particle interpretation data as the input end. The data includes the speed of some photons and leptons, graphics, etc.

These data are complex.

The data of each standard sample contains analysis, and some also contain functional content. For example, a specific function is used to describe the curve of particles decelerated by the magnetic field in the detector.

Because the sample data is very complex, and the input end of the program cannot contain functions, screening analysis also requires some judgment data, which requires manual input.

Zhao Yi wants to simplify manual input.

If everything is input manually, the workload is too great and the speed is too slow. If it can be input directly by computer, it should be input by computer. For each sample data, part of the content can be input automatically, and there are also accompanying contents. Must be entered manually.

He just made a program for input data, which automatically extracts the part of the particle sample data that can be automatically input, and the remaining parts are listed in a separate file and automatically numbered.

In this way, the only manual input is those functions and judgments.

It took Zhao Yi more than a day to complete the input program. The next step was to wait, but until the day before it was confirmed that the domestic team would make a report, he still did not wait for Glashow's reply.

"There should be no reply, right?"

Zhao Yi frowned and discussed with Chen Ming, "Even if you reject my paper, you should still give me a reply, right?"

"Who knows?" Chen Ming shook his head.

Ruan Wenye suggested, "It seems that there is no more. Zhao Yi, if you really want to publish the results, you can choose to work with the team and just submit another side application."

"Many people outside now know about this, and I don't think the acceptor of the report will refuse it."

"Really?" Zhao Yi didn't go out for two days and didn't know what was going on outside.

Chen Ming nodded affirmatively, "A lot of people really know this. Yesterday when I was walking on the road, someone asked me, did your team discover new particles? I answered yes, and the result..."

The results weren't great.

Most people who heard the news laughed.

Like Kibor, Nguyen Van Ye, and even Glashow, most people believe that it is impossible to discover the Higgs particle through experimental testing, and with data from a single area, there is even slimmer hope of discovering the Sigris example.

This is also good news.

When many people know about it, the report acceptance party will not refuse Zhao Yi to present the results at the report meeting, because whether it is true or not will only be known after the report is completed.

Zhao Yi also felt a little depressed after hearing Chen Ming's narration. He shook his head and decided to follow Ruan Wenye's suggestion.

As long as the report is published, it does not necessarily need to be verified by all the data, nor does it need to be approved by some physics boss.

That's so hard!

What is true is true and what is false is false.

As long as the report is published, even if no one believes it for the time being, it will definitely leave a record. When the Higgs particle is proven in the future, he will definitely be the first to discover it.

Those who don't believe it now, their opinions simply don't matter.