Genius of the Rules-Style System

The lecture in the morning was very successful. The lecture lasted only one hour, but it elaborated on the proof of Goldbach's conjecture and left time for everyone to ask questions. It sounded really incredible.

In fact, most people in the venue felt normal.

Because, simple.

Again, it’s like walking through a complicated maze. Zhao Yi has found the right path and just needs to be guided in the direction. There are many twists and turns on the road, but because there are no direct obstacles, there will be no disputes. .

Zhao Yi only explains how to get out of the maze, rather than thinking about how to solve the maze.

This is why the morning report meeting was very short.

In the afternoon, it was different.

Many top mathematicians came here just for that event, because the proof of Goldbach's conjecture in a broad sense will help mathematicians better understand prime numbers.

In addition, the proof of Goldbach's conjecture in a broad sense is much more complicated than the direct proof. People in the venue who could not understand the proof also focused on the proof in a broad sense.

Many people are interested in Zhao Yi’s proof thinking method.

Just like the evaluation of Goldbach's conjecture by many top mathematicians, the cracking of Goldbach's conjecture itself is not of great significance. It is not of great significance like the Riemann conjecture. The proof process uses The method is more meaningful than the proof itself.

Two o'clock in the afternoon.

The second report will start on time.

At this time, Zhao Yi felt no pressure at all. The success of the first report meeting confirmed that he had solved Goldbach's conjecture.

The second method of proof now is just the icing on the cake.

Many people attach more importance to the second proof method, but for Zhao Yi personally, he still cracked Goldbach's conjecture. The honor is certain and has no special significance.

Zhao Yi calmed down his mind completely, and the speech report became smoother.

He began to explain in detail.

The second proof method is to prove in a broad sense that the combination of prime numbers and itself can cover all even numbers except two.

During the proof process, he still used the traditional sieving method.

The progress of Goldbach's conjecture in the past has all used the sieve method, including Chen Jingrun's "1+2" ​​proof. The sieve method itself is considered to prove that "1+2" ​​is already the limit, and it is impossible to have any more. progress.

Screening is a method of finding prime numbers, and it is very simple to understand.

Arrange N natural numbers in order, and start the sieve analysis: 1 is not a prime number, nor is it a composite number, so it needs to be crossed out; 2 is a prime number, stay in it, and all the numbers after 2 that can be divided by 2 are crossed out; 2 The first uncrossed number after 3 is 3, leave 3, and then cross out all the numbers after 3 that are divisible by 3; the first uncrossed number after 3 is 5, leave 5, Then cross out all the numbers after 5 that are divisible by 5.

If you continue to do this, all the composite numbers not exceeding N will be screened out, leaving only all the prime numbers not exceeding N.

The sieving method used by Zhao Yi was somewhat different from the traditional one. In the process of sifting out the prime numbers, he allowed the prime numbers to be combined in pairs, and then discussed it in detail.

When you sift through a number that exceeds 100, it becomes a little complicated to perform the 'sieve' on hand.

Then he used group theory.

Group theory is also a mathematical method. Simply understood, it is a method for groups to conduct research, analysis, and discussion.

Using the sieve method combined with group theory, we can study the expectation of how many pairs of prime numbers there are for even numbers.

Expectations, which means expectations, approximate, and within what range, are not accurate figures.

After continuous analysis and discussion, Zhao Yi made an expectation line about how many pairs of prime numbers there will be for even numbers.

This expectation line is a function that increases as even values ​​increase.

On stage.

Zhao Yi said seriously, "This is not a function that determines numbers. We can find that when many numbers are added, the results will be wrong."

"For example, if we plug in 16, we get the number 2, and if we plug in 50, we get the number 5."

"Obviously, the results were wrong."

"This is a vague line of expectation, that is to say, the result is only an ideal value of how many pairs of prime numbers there are in the number, and it can even be understood as an imaginary value."

"The numbers in most ranges are similar to the results."

"What we will discuss next is this expectation function, analyzing its general direction and deviation issues."

When the function has been placed on the blackboard, there is no need to discuss the direction of the function. It is easy to prove that the trend of the function is to "head up", that is, as the even numbers brought in become larger and larger, the final result of the function will also become larger and larger. Come bigger.

This is what Nash Sr. said in an interview, "The problem of the number of prime numbers contained in a sufficiently large even number."

But the key is the deviation range.

Next, Zhao Yi began to demonstrate in detail the range of the minimum deviation K.

Offstage.

There are two people sitting in the corner. The young man with curly hair is inconspicuous, and the one next to him is slightly fatter and looks older. Those who know it will be very shocked if they take a closer look.

That's Edward Witten.

Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, a famous physicist, mathematician, and winner of the Fields Medal. He is a top expert in string theory and quantum field theory. He was rated by the American "Life" magazine as the sixth most influential person after World War II. Influenced people.

Edward Witten is so famous. He completed the proof of the positive energy theorem of general relativity, supersymmetry and Morse theory, topological quantum field theory, superstring compactification, mirror symmetry, supersymmetric gauge field theory, and Conjectures about the existence of M theory, etc.

His contributions to theoretical physics are numerous.

The most surprising thing is that he also won the Fields Award, the top award in mathematics, for his mathematical shaping of string theory.

In this venue, Edward Witten is undoubtedly the top figure, but few people know that he is coming.

He kept a low profile about his schedule and told people who knew about it, so as not to reveal the news.

Edward Witten's seat was also in the corner. He didn't want too many people to know, but the people sitting next to him still looked at him frequently. He had been recognized.

Edward Witten did not pay attention to other people, but concentrated on listening to the explanation on the stage. The young man next to him was his student, Lars Selberg.

After listening to the report, Selberg couldn't help turning his head and asked Edward Witten, "Professor, can he really prove it like this?"

Edward Witten continued to look at the stage. He did not answer directly, but asked, "You didn't fully understand that paper, did you?"

"I didn't understand something." Selberg pursed his lips and said.

Edward Witten nodded, "That's still too complicated for you, listen carefully." He said and sighed, "What a genius idea."

"Even Professor, you say genius..." Selberg undoubtedly admired Edward Witten very much.

Edward Witten smiled and said, "He created the three-dimensional tremor waveform diagram, and now he has completed the proof of Goldbach's conjecture. Although he is still very young, he is no worse than me."

After he finished speaking, he added with a sigh, "He is really young."

"I came here this time just to discuss the issue of waveform diagrams with him. If you listen carefully to the explanation now, it may be very helpful to expand your way of thinking."

"Yes, Professor."

Selberg also became serious. The two stopped communicating and continued to listen to the explanation on the stage.

Zhao Yi's explanation has reached a critical moment. The value of the minimum deviation K is the most important and the most time-consuming content.

Those who had not clarified the content of the paper felt very puzzled when they heard the explanation on stage, because Zhao Yi seemed to have no clear goal and was making one deduction after another.

This process lasted more than half an hour.

Many people can’t keep up with the idea.

But for top mathematicians, it is not a big deal. As long as there are no controversial issues and it is just normal derivation, it is easy to understand.

Finally, Zhao Yi made a substitution and came to the conclusion: the minimum deviation K is less than or equal to the function result itself minus one.

After coming to this conclusion, Zhao Yi stopped talking. People who followed the idea immediately applauded, and many people did not react.

After waiting for a long time, applause filled the entire venue.

This conclusion is enough.

Zhao Yi's general proof method is to use the sieve method and group theory to jointly shape an expectation function of how many pairs of prime numbers an even number N contains, and then analyze the accuracy of the result Y of the function and the scope of the deviation.

The analysis mainly focuses on the minimum deviation K of Y. The minimum deviation is the deviation of the lower limit. Simply understood, it is the minimum value.

Finally he came to the conclusion that K is less than or equal to Y-1.

This result shows that the combination of prime numbers and itself can cover all even numbers except two, or to put it bluntly, any even number has at least one prime number pair, that is, it can be decomposed into the sum of two prime numbers.

Zhao Yi's proof actually led to two conclusions. One is to prove Goldbach's conjecture, and the other is to prove that even numbers conform to the trend that larger numbers contain more pairs of prime numbers.

The latter conclusion is vague. There may be a large enough even number that contains only one pair of prime numbers.

Of course.

This has nothing to do with Zhao Yi's proof.

The applause in the venue lasted for a long time. Many people felt that their arms were a little tired and had not yet put them down. The more people who understood the proof process deeply, the more they marveled at the genius of proof thinking.

"It's really, really amazing!"

"I never thought there was such a way!"

"In fact, if we study in depth, we can also make a trend chart of the content of prime numbers, such as hundreds of digits and thousands of digits. It is impossible to verify how many prime numbers there are. According to the expected method, maybe we can Calculate it.”

"That's also a way..."

Many top mathematicians have learned something from listening to the report, and similar research ideas can indeed expand in many aspects.

The applause died down.

Zhao Yi put down the water bottle in his hand and felt that his whole body had become very weak. During the nearly three hours of explanation, there was not even a pause, and his voice was a little hoarse.

When the venue became quiet again, Zhao Yi took a breath and announced, "The proof is over here. Now we will leave ten minutes for everyone to discuss."

"In ten minutes, we will enter the question and answer session."

After announcing the delay for ten minutes, he couldn't wait to walk to the side, found a chair and sat down, and drank a lot of water.

The venue erupted in good-natured laughter, and some people continued to applaud.

The applause lasted for a long time again...

It’s the last day of this month. Don’t save your monthly passes!

Submit it!

Come all in!