Giant of the times

The application for web page access is completed by a data packet, and the length of a data packet is 256b, which determines that a data packet can only have 13 blocks, which fundamentally limits the number of root domain name servers. In other words, there can only be 13 root domain name servers. In previous lives, 10 of them were in the United States, 2 in Europe, and 1 in RB.

Since the top-level domain name ".iq" in Iraq was blocked, countries all over the world have been panicking. Out of concerns about Internet information security, other countries in the world have established their own Internet emergency security systems.

CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center) is the leader of this action in China. As China's domain name management organization, CNNIC has made several major moves: Before CNNIC was established, it moved the CN domain name server from Germany back to China, which was a prerequisite for mastering the dominance of national domain names; in 2003, CNNIC began to explore ideas and use the market to means to promote CN domain names; in 2006, CNNIC opened five top-level nodes and implemented disaster preparedness management. As long as the website uses CN domain names, even if all international lines are interrupted, CNNIC has emergency measures to ensure its resolution; in December 2006, China opened "root Domain name "China Mirror Server" (roughly speaking, a mirror server is a clone server of the original root server). This means that in the future, Chinese netizens will no longer have to go around the United States when visiting any website with the .com and .net suffixes. They only need to go to the mainland. The access request can be completed, which will fundamentally improve domestic network access speed. However, the results of DNS resolution will eventually be summarized on the root domain name server.

In other words, China does not have a root domain name server for a day. No matter how many more mirror servers are added, the increase will only increase the speed of Internet users accessing web pages. The security problem will still not be completely solved. The United States, which has 10 root domain name servers, can still obtain Data related to China's Internet DNS resolution is a very big threat to China's national security.

China has the largest number of Internet users in the world, but China does not have a root domain name server. This is very embarrassing.

There are only two ways for China to have its own root domain name server. One is to transplant it from a country that currently has a root domain name server, and the other is to change the current situation in which the application for web page access is completed by a data packet. Transplantation is impossible because the United States will not provide it and other countries are not rich. It is even more impossible to change the technical model of a data packet, because the scope and technical changes involved are too large, making it difficult to implement.

Officially released on June 23, 2015, Liu Dong, director of the China Next Generation Internet Engineering Center and the first executive chairman of the "Snowman Project", believes that the "Snowman Project" will break the root server dilemma and the global Internet is expected to achieve multilateral co-governance. "Snowman Project" proposed and implemented for the first time the next-generation Internet root server technology solution of "one naming system, multiple addressing methods", breaking the "sacred and inviolable" and "unchangeable number" of operators who adhere to the existing 13 root servers. The dogma can introduce more root server operators, while also ensuring that a naming system is not destroyed, and truly realizing the vision of "one world, one Internet" with multi-party governance. However, although the idea is good, it may take many years of hard work to be realized.

In Li Zetian's current era, the United States officially opened domain name registration on January 1, 1985. The first domain name on the Internet was nordu.net registered on January 1, 1985. No one can imagine what the future Internet will look like? ! If Li Zetian hadn't traveled through time in 2016, he wouldn't understand how important the Internet and domain names are. Therefore, at the beginning, the United States did not attach great importance to the root domain name server. This was a golden opportunity to establish a root domain name server in Hong Kong. And at this moment, the United States and the Soviet Union are in the Cold War. In order to win over China and isolate the Soviet Union, China and the United States are on their honeymoon.

On January 12, 1985, Li Zetian went on a business trip to Sprint Company.

At the moment, Li Zetian has no excuse to ask the United States to allow it to establish a root server in Hong Kong. But once the submarine optical cable between Hong Kong and the United States is successfully constructed, he will first let the Hong Kong subsidiary apply for a domain name. Then Li Zetian can say that in order to improve the Hong Kong company's network Access speed requires establishing a root server in Hong Kong...

"Mr. Li, you're here!" said Sprint CEO Edgar Carr.

Li Zetian nodded, and the two started chatting in the office.

Li Zetian asked about the construction progress of the submarine optical cable project.

Edgar Carl replied: "Sprint has been preparing since last year. So far, half of the submarine optical cable project from the coast of California in the United States to Hong Kong has been completed. It is expected to be completed by the end of this year. By then, Hong Kong will be able to communicate with NSFNET network in the United States and ARPANET connections."

Li Zetian smiled and was very satisfied.

The submarine optical cable project is recognized by countries around the world as a complex and difficult large-scale project, and its construction is not easy.

First of all, the design of submarine optical cables must ensure that the optical fibers are not affected by external forces and the environment, and can adapt to submarine pressure, wear, corrosion, biological and other environments. They must have a suitable armor layer to prevent damage from fishing trawls, anchors and sharks. When the optical cable breaks, Reduce the length of seawater penetrating into the optical cable as much as possible; prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the optical cable from the outside and hydrogen generated internally; have a low-resistance remote power supply circuit; be able to withstand the tension during laying and recycling; the service life is generally required to be More than 25 years.

Then during the laying process, the ship kept moving forward, and then the underwater robot dug a ditch and put the optical cable in. Then the underwater robot washed the sand back to cover the optical cable, and then kept moving forward. When it needed to be docked, it was The connection on the ship is completed first, then sealed, and then the laying is continued. If the water is too deep and the underwater robot cannot operate, then the submarine optical cable must be laid on the seabed surface by its own weight.

Li Zetian said very confidently: "With the increase of international communication business, the importance of submarine optical cables has become more and more important, and will bear most of the international communication business and become the main carrier of global information communication. Although there are other methods such as satellites Microwaves can be used as a supplement, but they cannot replace submarine optical cables because their channels are limited, that is, the "frequency band" of wireless communications is often limited. Therefore, for now, submarine optical cables will be the best solution for international communications! "

Edgar Carr said: "Yes, Mr. Li, I completely agree with your point of view. Compared with terrestrial optical cables, submarine optical cables also have many advantages: First, laying does not require digging tunnels or using brackets. Second, except for the landing areas, most submarine cables are on the seabed at a certain depth and are not affected by the damage of the natural environment such as wind and waves and the interference of human production activities. Therefore, submarine cables are safe, stable and resistant to interference. It has strong capabilities and good confidentiality. It is a way for users to communicate more cheaply and safely!”

Li Zetian smiled and said: "That's right, so Sprint is going to vigorously build submarine optical cables. Hong Kong is just the first stop. After that, there are Europe, RB, South Korea, Australia, South America and other regions waiting for us to expand markets."

"Yes!" Edgar Carl nodded.

Next, Li Zetian learned about Sprint's business. Sprint's main business is local phone calls. Now that it is building and laying optical cables, it is naturally preparing to enter the long-distance phone business. When the Internet rises, it will be able to provide Internet access services.

Everything just fell into place.

Li Zetian suddenly remembered something and asked, "Do you know anything about GSM?"

"Understood! This is a new standardization organization established by the European Post and Telecommunications Conference. Its purpose is to formulate technical specifications for the European 900MHz digital TDMA cellular mobile communication system (GSM system), so that European mobile phone users can automatically roam within Europe. GSM It is developing rapidly. Currently, 11 pan-European countries have provided 8 experimental systems and a large number of technical achievements for GSM, and have reached a consensus on the main technical specifications of GSM." After a pause, Edgar Carl said In my opinion, "In my opinion, GSM is very likely to replace the first generation mobile communication technology based on analog technology and become the second generation mobile communication technology standard!"

While talking, Edgar Carl observed the words and expressions, and finally asked: "Mr. Li, do you plan to let Sprint enter the mobile communications business?"

Li Zetian smiled and nodded: "Yes, we have this plan. In my opinion, mobile communication is the main method of calling in the future!"

Edgar Carl nodded and said: "I understand, then I will contact the GSM organization later and strive to commercialize GSM in the United States as soon as possible!"

Li Zetian neither objected nor agreed, but continued to ask: "Do you know anything about CDMA?"

Edgar Carl frowned slightly, thought for a moment, and replied: "CDMA is a spread spectrum multiple access digital communication technology. During World War II, it was widely used in military anti-jamming communications..."

Li Zetian could tell by looking at his expression that he didn't know much about CDMA technology. "Qualcomm should be established this year, right?" Li Zetian thought to himself.