Great Country Academician

Chapter 567 Einstein-Rosen Bridge

In the small living room, Xu Chuan asked a question in a serious and solemn voice that was somewhat surprising to everyone else.

Can topology allow for the existence of a one-way or two-way topological "tunnel" in a three-dimensional space through mathematical equations and quantum theory?

This question made everyone in the living room cast a surprised look.

"Einstein-Rosen Bridge?"

The first person to react was not Terence Tao or Schultz, nor Perelman or Professor Curtis, but Professor Kelvin Ive, who had never made much noise in the crowd and had no sense of presence.

The mathematics professor from St. Petersburg State University who came with him had a look of surprise and confusion. He never expected that the 'first person' in mathematics would be thinking about this problem.

The Einstein-Rosen Bridge, also known as a space hole, is a narrow tunnel that may exist in the universe connecting two different time and spaces.

Of course, in many science fiction novels or movies, people often call it a 'wormhole'.

'Wormhole' is a concept first proposed by the Austrian physicist Ludwig Frame in 1916. In 1930, Einstein and Nathan Rosen 'postulated' the existence of a tunnel when studying the gravitational field equations. .

They believe that instantaneous space transfer or time travel can be achieved through "wormholes".

Simply put, a "wormhole" is a thin tube of space and time that connects distant regions of the universe, just like a straight "tunnel" dug at the foot of a mountain.

The time and distance required to pass through this tunnel is much shorter than climbing or bypassing this mountain.

However, neither the mathematics community nor the physics community has found any trace of the existence of the Einstein-Rosen Bridge.

He really didn't expect this young scholar to study such a thing. It sounded like a plot that would only appear in a Hollywood science fiction blockbuster.

Of course, it's also possible that he himself has some clues?

On the side, Tao Zhexuan pushed up the glasses on the bridge of his nose, looked at Xu Chuan with a little interest in his black pupils, and said:

"If I understand correctly, the root of your question does not seem to be based on Einstein's view of time and space? Or is it that you have already detached yourself from it?"

Einstein's view of space and time is a core theory in the theory of relativity. It believes that space and time are a unified four-dimensional space and time structure. Time and space are interrelated, rather than two concepts that exist independently.

But in this problem, time seems to be separated separately, leaving only mathematical space.

He didn't know why Xu Chuan asked such a question, but he believed that with the other party's physical ability, his understanding of the dimensions of time, space and time must be better than his.

It was exactly this that he questioned,

Hearing this, Perelman and Schultz both raised their heads and looked over together.

Xu Chuan nodded and said: "As you understand, the time in this question has been separated by me alone. Because what I want to ask is not just whether there is such a thing in a three-dimensional world." "Tunnel' also includes two 'finite and unbounded' three-dimensional worlds. Is there such a 'tunnel'?"

"And on this basis, the concept of time doesn't make much sense."

Upon hearing this question, Schultz asked curiously: "Is this your understanding of the universe? It's like"

After thinking for a moment, he continued: "It's like a dumbbell, with the universe at both ends and a tunnel in the middle?"

"In other words, with the Big Bang as the center, it spreads to both sides. Our universe is here, and there is another universe on the opposite side. Are you looking for a way to the other side?"

Xu Chuan shook his head and said: "My understanding of the universe is not much better than yours, but I may be more inclined to the parallel world or hyperspace model."

"To put it simply, just like our universe now, each planet is a universe, and the vacuum is like a vast 'hyperspace'. The universe is like a three-dimensional ball, suspended in the hyperspace. "

Perelman frowned, and after thinking for a long time, he said: "This question has gone beyond the current theoretical basis. I can't find any answer that even seems reliable to answer you."

He had figured out the core of Xu Chuan's question, but he had no answer.

After all, their understanding of the current universe is so limited, so how can they give an answer to the unknown?

After a pause, Perelman raised his head, stared at Xu Chuan with shining eyes, and asked, "But speaking of which, I'm more curious about why you would ask such a question?"

Xu Chuan smiled and said, "Just think of it as my personal hobby."

"After all, in addition to being a mathematician, a physicist, and a scholar, I am also an ordinary person. Of course I have imagined these things. The difference is that I have a certain ability to study them."

This is just a set of words. The core thing is impossible for him to say.

That aviation disaster was like a dream to him.

Of course, it could also be a miracle?

Anyway, he still hasn't figured out what happened to him. Was he really reborn twenty years ago, or did he travel to another parallel world, or was he simply having a long dream?

On the one hand, the research on space-time tunnels is to prepare for the future "gravitons". On the other hand, there are also some thoughts about trying to figure out what is going on.

As a scholar who studies 'science', Xu Chuan does not believe in fairy tales, even though what happened to him is like a myth.

He would eventually find an answer to this matter.

Skipping this "science fiction"-sounding question, Xu Chuan continued his exchange with Perelman.

For him, it is important to find out whether it is 'rebirth', 'travelling' or 'dreaming', but what is more important is what is in front of him.

For him, who has almost reached his personal peak in mathematics, the problems he faces now are almost the same as those he faced in physics in his previous life.

Every next step, if you want to make a breakthrough, I'm afraid you will need to put in more effort.

Although his current mathematical ability is enough to deal with various problems he currently encounters, what about the future?

Not to mention other fields, just physics, the physics of the future will be more than the standard model.

The sterile neutrinos that have been discovered, the dark matter and dark energy that have not yet been discovered but have been confirmed to exist in the 'future', and the unfinished gravitons of the previous life.

These things require stronger mathematics to support him all the way.

Rather than searching for an answer that most likely won’t be found, it’s better to spend your time exploring questions that can be answered.

The morning passed in this exchange.

When Perelman was about to invite a few people to have lunch at his home, the group didn't have the nerve to stay.

After all, if they stay, Perelman, whose living expenses are less than 40 kilograms a week, may go hungry next.

Of course, several people, including Xu Chuan, were not interested in the black bread and macaroni that Perelman ate.

In comparison, their taste is normal.

After coming out of Perelman's house, Xu Chuan stood on the side of the road and stretched.

Overall, today's visit went quite smoothly.

This reclusive scholar is not as lonely as the legend says. He is just not very interested in anything other than mathematics.

If you come to him with a math problem, he is quite happy to do so.

Although they did not get a 'possible' answer from Perelman, the two exchanged many academic ideas.

Especially in the field of topology, the scholar who solved the Poincaré Conjecture has an astonishing knowledge of topology, geometric figures, space, dimensions and transformations.

Whether it is the kink problem, the concept of dimensionality, or problems in the field of vector fields, he has given some of his own ideas and directions.

It has to be said that if this 'reclusive' scholar is willing, he can definitely develop great achievements in the field of 'physical topology'.

The 2016 Physics Prize was awarded to three scholars who used topology to study topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter. In terms of changes in topology, I am afraid that there is no scholar in the world of mathematics today who can compare with Perelman. Going deeper.

I dare not say that he will definitely win the Nobel Prize, but in Xu Chuan's view, the fields that topology can open up are far from over.

This is why he traveled thousands of miles to talk to Perelman.

If possible, Xu Chuan still wanted to pull this hermit out, but he only got a response of "I have no interest in those things" and nothing more.

Even this International Congress of Mathematicians held in St. Petersburg, which can be said to be right outside his door, he has no interest in it.

It seems that only his mother can pull him out.

I heard that Perelman is a child who listens to his mother very much.

Unfortunately, they did not see the mother during today's visit.

"Professor Xu, Professor Tao, and Professor Schultz, do you want to go to the Steklov Institute of Mathematics together?" Professor Curtis enthusiastically invited us on the side of the road.

Although Tsarist Russia's mathematics level is very strong, it still depends on who it is compared with.

Although the Steklov Mathematics Research Branch is backed by St. Petersburg State University, it is far from enough for the three experts in front of them who have won the Fields Medal.

It is also an honor for the institute to invite these experts to visit the institute.

Hearing Professor Curtis's invitation, Xu Chuan smiled and shook his head, and declined politely: "No, Professor Curtis, I have some other things to deal with this afternoon, so I'll bother you next time. "

It took the afternoon to sort out the harvest from the morning visit to Perelman.

Compared with this job, visiting the Steklov Mathematics Research Institute is not of much significance.

On the side, Tao Zhexuan and Schultz also declined each other's invitations. Xu Chuan was not the only one who gained something this morning.

Of course, what's more important is that they came here on Xu Chuan's train. If they didn't go with them, it would be difficult to get a taxi back in the remote suburbs here.

After bidding farewell to Professor Curtis, the group got back into the car and returned to the Talon Imperial Hotel.

After a simple lunch in the hotel, Xu Chuan said goodbye to Schultz and Terence Tao and returned to his room.

Opening the notebook on the desk, he briefly organized and recorded today's gains.

Although he could not get an answer from Perelman about the connecting tunnel between the two three-dimensional spaces, the subsequent exchanges gave some guesses in this direction.

It is uncertain to form a connecting tunnel between two three-dimensional spaces. However, in a single three-dimensional space system, there are one or more connecting tunnels. Mathematically and topologically, it is completely possible.

Looking at the harvest sorted out in his hands, Xu Chuan fell into deep thought.

Looking for other universes and tracing one's own origin is obviously unreliable and directionless at present. However, on this basis, it seems that it is not possible to complete the Einstein-Rosen Bridge in the universe. Not something hopeless.

Especially coming from the future, he knew very well that imaginary particles like gravitons really existed. Like other mediators, they were particles that transferred energy.

Although he only did part of the research at that time, for him now, it is undoubtedly a beacon pointing the direction of research.

But, how to introduce things like gravitons into the Einstein-Rosen Bridge?

In other words, how to mathematically complete the dependence between gravitons and the topological contraction point of the Einstein-Rosen bridge in three-dimensional space?

Einstein and Rosen had mathematically given the space void, and now it was his turn to mathematically open the bridge.

If it can be done, this will be a key node for human civilization to transform from a planetary civilization to a space civilization.

Ps: There will be another chapter later, please vote for me.