Great Country Academician

Chapter 579: The key to opening the ‘space hole’

The dinner came to an end very quickly.

After chatting for a while about research in the fields of Riemann functions and number theory, Xu Chuan, who was satisfied, raised the glass in his hand, clinked it with Faltings and Witten, and put the little champagne left in it into his mouth. middle.

Just for this evening's chat, it was completely worth taking some risks to visit Tsarist Russia to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians.

The words of Witten and others opened up a new way of thinking for him.

Regarding the research on Einstein’s Rosen Bridge, from the beginning of chaos to now, he has caught a ‘thread’.

Although he couldn't wait to go back to his room to continue sorting out his thoughts, he was also one of the protagonists in today's mathematics conference, and it was impossible for other scholars to just let him go.

One after another, mathematicians and physicists came forward to greet him and exchanged some contact information.

Although he only took a small sip, there were so many scholars who came over to greet him that he drank a lot of champagne in the last half hour or so.

Fortunately, his drinking capacity and physical fitness were both acceptable. He was not drunk, but he was a little tipsy and returned to his room.

After a simple shower and changing out of clothes that smelled of alcohol, Xu Chuan wiped his hair and sat at the desk.

After opening the notebook, he picked up the ballpoint pen placed aside, pondered for a while and wrote down a line of mathematical formulas.

[ds=（1-2M/r）dt-（1-2M/r）dr-r（dθ+sinθdφ）】

This is the Schwarzschild metric formula, one of the evolution formulas of the space-time metric, and the original starting point of Einstein's Rosen Bridge.

The concept of space holes originally emerged from the study of the Schwarzschild solution. When physicists analyzed the white hole solution, they discovered through a thought experiment of Albert Einstein that the space-time of the universe itself may not be flat.

Just like a piece of paper, you rub it and it becomes wrinkled.

In this uneven space-time of the universe, this 'twisting and folding' structure means that massive celestial bodies will compress space-time 'downwards'.

To put it simply, it is like placing an iron ball on a plastic film.

Due to the weight, the film will fall under the pressure of the iron ball. If the weight is enough, the film may be bent until it touches the ground.

The same is true in the universe. For example, the black hole we are familiar with will "compress" the water surface almost infinitely because of its excessive mass. If it is strong enough, in the uneven space and time of the universe, it means that the part within the black hole's event horizon will be different from the Combined with another part of the universe.

This was the "Schwarzschild Throat" originally proposed by the Austrian physicist Ludwig Frahm. Later, Einstein and Nathan Rosen improved the wormhole theory. They tried to treat black holes as basic A model of particles, based on which the existence of space voids is deduced.

However, the general relativity formula at that time could not solve the "singularity" (a point with infinite mass), so Einstein hated such points.

So they started from the standard black hole solution and merged it with another flipped black hole solution to form the Einstein Rosen Bridge.

Although in Xu Chuan's view, the 'space hole' constituted by the black hole theory has lagged far behind, some of the theories in this statement can still be learned and changed.

"Consider the black hole as a three-dimensional space. In the photon layer, the gravity field will force the photons to move in orbit. If you change the three-dimensional structure, the gravity field will be considered as the field caused by 'gravitons', and the line elements will be represented by spherical coordinates. If so, a new coordinate set can be derived."

"The new "time" and "space" variables represented by Kruskal coordinates and the introduction of 'gravitons' can be obtained [ds=16M/r·er/2M(dt′-dx′)-r(dθ+sinθdφ) .】"

"."

In the hotel room, Xu Chuan thought about the work that had not been completed before.

Change the 'old' Einstein Rosen Bridge and expand it to the entire universe, no longer limiting the scope and type.

This means that according to this theory, a 'space hole' can be opened anywhere in the universe.

Of course, a theory is just a theory. To support the stable existence of the 'space hole', extremely powerful energy must be required.

Graviton is just a key. It can open the door locked by the universe, but it requires extra strength to open the door and allow people to walk in.

And to be honest, Xu Chuan still doesn’t know what this ‘strength’ is.

Maybe it's dark energy, maybe it's antimatter, or maybe regular energy will do, but this job can be done again later.

Now, what he should do is to complete the structure of this 'bridge' through functional formulas!

Just when he was about to start, there was a knock on the door.

"Who?"

Xu Chuan frowned slightly and shouted, and soon a voice came from outside.

"Professor, it's me, Tang Ran. I've prepared some hangover soup for you."

There were sounds from outside. Xu Chuan stood up, walked over, and opened the door.

Tang Ran stood at the door and handed the hangover soup in his hand to Xu Chuan: "Professor, you drank a lot tonight. This is a hangover soup that can make your body feel better."

Xu Chuan took the hangover soup with a smile and said, "Sorry to trouble you."

Although he is not too drunk, he is still willing to accept it if it can make his mind clearer, especially since he needs to continue studying time and space.

Tang Ran smiled and said: "This is my job. If you feel unwell after drinking, professor, please tell me."

Nodding, Xu Chuan returned to the room carrying the hangover soup.

In front of the desk, he opened the lunch box. There was more than half a bowl of soup in it. It was warm yellow in color. There were also traces of orange peel, lotus seeds and other ingredients in it. It was steaming, and it could be seen that it was freshly cooked.

After trying the taste, it had a hint of sourness and sweetness, and it rolled down the throat and into the abdomen, exuding a sense of warmth, making the whole person feel much better.

After smacking his mouth and savoring the taste of the hangover soup, Xu Chuan picked up the ballpoint pen again and continued his research.

The formulas and algorithms of each item appeared like flowing water.

Xu Chuan was very fortunate to have studied mathematics deeply in this life. If he were in his previous life, he would not have such mathematical skills.

Even if he had this inspiration, he couldn't do it with his own ability.

Time passed little by little, and the sky outside gradually dimmed.

[τ0=1/8πGc﹣b0~5·10·dyn/cm (10m/b0)~5·10dyn/cm (1l.yrb0)]

Looking at the calculations in his notebook, Xu Chuan put down the ballpoint pen in his hand and breathed a sigh of relief.

"It turns out that the solution properties of the Einstein field equations of general relativity cannot adapt to the global situation. They are local at the three-dimensional and above levels, which means that they cannot determine the overall geometric properties of space-time, but the solutions of the equations can be embedded Spacetimes with different topologies reveal a Schwarzschild wormhole connecting two distant regions of spacetime.”

"It's just that such wormholes cannot really be connected. They lack the key of gravitons. If the space hole connects two parts of the same universe, the traditional Einstein Rosen Bridge will quickly connect any Particles (including photons) sandwiched between these two regions would have a minimum tidal force equivalent to the pressure at the center of the most massive neutron star."

"With this level of tidal force, existing matter cannot pass through it at all, and it will be directly compressed into a nuclear state in the first place."

"However, after introducing the key of gravitons and using additional 'energy' to relieve the pressure, it may be possible to pass without damage."

"This means that a space hole opened by gravitons must have properties such as static, axial symmetry, throat, and tidal force that is small enough based on the Einstein Rosen Bridge."

After simply sorting out the contents in his notebook, Xu Chuan stood up and stretched, with a trace of satisfaction on his face.

Although he is still far from completely perfecting this theory, he has already opened up a clue on this path.

All that's left is to keep walking along it.

If nothing else happens, tonight's research can attract many more physicists to China's Large Strong Particle Collider project in the future.

After all, this is the key to opening the ‘space hole’!

There is nothing more exciting than this in space-time physics.

The next day, after the opening ceremony was completed, the exchange and report sessions that the scholars who came to attend the International Congress of Mathematicians were most looking forward to began.

The most eye-catching thing is the report of the four new Fields Medal winners.

Amelia's report was arranged in Lecture Hall 2 of the Tallon Imperial Hotel, and she was also the first of the four Fields Medal winners to give a report.

The lecture hall was quite lively, with many scholars present.

Many people are curious and curious about this young female Fields Medal winner.

After all, there are very few women in mathematics. According to data from the American Mathematical Society (AMS), among mathematicians, the proportion of men is much higher than that of women.

The proportion is astonishing, with men accounting for approximately 80% and women only accounting for 20%.

On this basis, there are even fewer female mathematicians who have made top achievements.

Amelia's combination of beauty and talent is rarer than wild giant pandas.

Therefore, even many scholars whose research fields are not within the scope of the normal family of holomorphic functions and the normal family of meromorphic functions have come here with some curiosity.

After all, humans are all beautiful creatures. Instead of reading a report by a middle-aged uncle in a field that you are not interested in, it is better to come here and admire a beautiful girl.

Even if you don’t understand it, it’s good to watch.

Xu Chuan naturally wanted to support his students' report. He arrived at the venue half an hour early with several students.

He found Amelia and Gu Bing being put on makeup by the staff backstage, and he smiled and said hello to them.

Today's report meeting, according to the rules of the International Mathematical Union, should have been given by Amelia alone.

However, after discussing it with Gu Bing, she applied to the committee and asked them to make a report together.

After all, the Bloch conjecture was solved by two people together. Although she was the main force, the Fields Medal was also taken away by her. As a colleague who solved Bloch's conjecture, he deserves a one-hour report meeting.

"Professor, why are you here?" After seeing Xu Chuan, Amelia and Gu Bing both said hello nervously.

Xu Chuan smiled and said, "Are you so nervous?"

The two nodded nervously, with uneasiness on their faces.

It is my first time to give a report at a conference for mathematicians from all over the world, such as the International Congress of Mathematicians. It is impossible to say that I am not nervous.

Although I have been preparing for this for a long time, I still feel anxious when the report meeting is approaching.

Xu Chuan smiled and said to the two of them in an encouraging tone: "Come on!"

"Um!"

After encouraging the two students, Xu Chuan returned to the lecture hall.

Reports on Bloch's conjecture will begin soon.

Under the gaze of thousands of people, Gu Bing and Amelia walked onto the reporting stage at the same time, each occupying one side.

Although the audience in the audience was a little surprised that two reporters appeared at the same time in this report, considering that the Bloch conjecture was proved by two people, it is not surprising that IMU would make such an arrangement.

During the one-hour report meeting, Gu Bing was responsible for the first half and Amelia was responsible for the second half. Although the cooperation between the two was a little bumpy at first because it was the first time they stood on such a stage, as time went by, It didn't take long to adjust.

After all, Bloch’s conjecture had already passed peer review and was published in a journal.

Although today's report meeting was grand, it did not require the two of them to face the worrying review process again.

One hour is not a long time. After the forty-five minutes of reporting time, Amelia left fifteen minutes for a question-and-answer session for the audience.

Although Bloch's conjecture has become a theorem, not everyone understands the core idea of ​​​​solving this conjecture.

Moreover, there is a difference between a report meeting at the International Congress of Mathematicians and a report meeting held after proving a conjecture.

The latter is a targeted review, while the former is more like a friendly exchange in the academic circle, and the questions asked may not necessarily be completely related to the content of the report.

But overall, this report meeting was quite smooth.

For Xu Chuan, there is nothing more gratifying than watching his two students grow up smoothly.