Great Country Academician

Dark matter theory~

Meeting Professor Jeffrey Robinson's gaze, Xu Chuan smiled, nodded gently, and said.

"From a traditional physical theory perspective, there is indeed nothing wrong with what you said."

"Based on our current understanding of cosmology, we can say that most stars originate from the collapse of dense regions in molecular clouds."

"But in fact, we still have no reasonable theoretical explanation for the formation of some massive stars, supermassive black holes, quasars and other celestial bodies."

"The void field theory has supplemented this part of the research to a certain extent."

"Dark matter stars are part of this supplementary content."

Having said this, Xu Chuan paused slightly, glanced across the conference room, took a deep breath and continued.

"It is not impossible for dark matter to form stars."

"We all know that in the early universe, there was a large amount of hydrogen, helium and other materials forming primordial gas clouds, and there was also a much larger amount of massive dark matter than now."

"When these gas clouds begin to collapse, they will attract surrounding gases such as hydrogen and helium, and they will also absorb surrounding dark matter particles."

"But because dark matter particles only have extremely weak gravity and weak force, it is difficult for it to produce collapse and fusion through gravity."

"So under normal circumstances, these dark matter will gather around stars, star systems, and river systems, and then wrap around the entire star and star system, forming the dark matter halo that has now been confirmed."

"The mass of these dark matter haloes may reach millions or even hundreds of millions of times the mass of stars and stellar systems."

"This is also the reason why galaxies will not be dismantled by force when the stars and rivers in the universe move."

"but!"

When he said this, Xu Chuan's tone improved a bit.

"Under special circumstances, if the dark matter clumps accumulated in this deep space are dominated by massive dark matter particles, a large amount of dark matter will also accumulate in the center of the star."

"In this case, the huge gravity will pull on these dark matter particles, further causing the density of dark matter particles to increase dramatically, even reaching trillions of times the density of dark matter around galaxies today."

"Theoretically speaking, when two dark matter particles are close enough to interact with each other, the two dark matter particles will jointly release a secondary dark matter particle and release a huge energy.

"This energy will heat the surrounding gaseous materials such as ordinary hydrogen and helium, causing the resistance gas cloud to further collapse and initiate nuclear fusion to form a real star."

“However, this does not affect its ‘luminescence and heat’, because when massive dark matter particles release secondary dark matter particles, the energy released far exceeds the energy released by any stellar fusion.

"This is a luminous sphere driven by dark matter, a dark matter star composed of dark matter as the main core!"

In the conference room, Edward Witten, who was sitting aside, had bright brown eyes and continued following Xu Chuan's words.

"And compared to regular matter, the clumps, or stars, formed by dark matter particles are more fluffy."

"So theoretically, the clumps formed by this kind of dark matter star will be very, very large in radius, with a mass that can reach millions of times or even higher than the sun, and a brightness that can reach billions of times that of the sun, and a bright The galaxy is almost the same.”

"Even the light emitted by such dark matter stars when they were formed in the early universe is still possible to be detected by high-precision astronomical telescopes today."

"If we can find a star made of dark matter with the help of detection equipment, we can confirm this theory."

Xu Chuan smiled and nodded, saying: "It's not just dark matter stars. In fact, this theory also explains from another perspective the formation of some massive stars, massive black holes, quasars and other super-large stars in the universe. reason."

After a pause, he continued to explain: "At the same time as the massive dark matter transforms, the energy released by the dark matter transformation will not only prevent the external gas clouds from further collapsing into stars, but will also continue to accretion more and more from the surroundings." A lot of interstellar gas and other dark matter.”

"Eventually, the interstellar gas and other dark matter around it will gather in this dark matter clump to form a super star or quasar."

"And when the dark matter transformation inside this dark matter star, which is so huge that it is even comparable to a galaxy, stops, or the energy released is no longer enough to prevent the external interstellar gas cloud from collapsing under the influence of gravity, then the results can be imagined."

Across the conference table, Professor Jeffrey Robinson of Imperial College London subconsciously added.

"It will collapse rapidly and become a very massive black hole."

Xu Chuan smiled and nodded, saying: "Yes, it will collapse into a supermassive black hole in an extremely violent supernova explosion."

"In this process, the violent impact caused by the supernova explosion can blow away the interstellar gas gathered around the dark matter star, forming some small stars."

"This theory may go some way to explaining why there are so many stars in the centers of flat galaxies and why there are even more stars in the bulges."

After listening to Xu Chuan's words, everyone in the conference room fell into thinking.

I have to say that this brand new theory is very subtle.

It not only conforms to its own logic based on dark matter, but also further solves the difficult problems that the physics community has had over the past century on how massive stars, massive black holes in the center of galaxies, and quasars are formed.

If this theory applies to the formation of massive stars in the universe, then there is at least a relatively reliable explanation for how supermassive stars formed.

As for confirmation

Again, no conclusion can be verified from the beginning.

After all theories are put forward, unless there are obvious loopholes in their own logic and they have been improved through confirmed experiments, other theories need to be demonstrated through carefully designed experiments.

In terms of their own logic and theory, it is no exaggeration to say that the physicists sitting here at the meeting today have no doubts about the void field and dark matter theory proposed by Xu Chuan.

Even if they haven't read the paper in full yet, they still don't doubt that Xu Chuan is talking nonsense.

This is the long-lasting influence brought by the academic integrity of this young scholar in front of me.

What is even more exciting to everyone present is that compared to detecting dark matter particles through large and strong particle collisions, there are more ways and means to search for dark matter stars.

Whether it is an outer space telescope, a ground-based radio telescope, or a radio telescope array, it can be used as equipment to capture dark matter stars.

At the same time, across the conference table, Professor Jeffrey Robinson, who finally realized that he was on Xu Chuan's side, came to his senses and retorted somewhat unwillingly.

"But how do you prove the existence of dark matter stars? Anyone who knows the theory will mention it, but without a proven theory, it can only be pseudoscience."

"Dark matter stars have never been discovered in astronomy, at least until now."

Xu Chuan smiled and said: "Proving nature is through experiments and observations, just like the astronomical community did not believe in the existence of black holes a few decades ago. Even Einstein did not believe in the existence of such a celestial body, thinking that it Just a mathematical product of equations, not a real physical object."

"The existence of dark matter stars is also a theory I completed through mathematical tools. After today's meeting is completed, I will put the void field dark matter theory on the Arxiv preprint website, which has a complete mathematical calculation process."

After a pause, he continued: "Getting back to the subject, there are also methods for finding dark matter stars."

"Compared to ordinary stars, theoretically speaking, dark matter stars should have a very long lifespan. Unless dark matter stars collapse and agglomerate into black holes, quasars and other stars, ordinary-sized dark matter stars will, according to the void field and dark matter theory, Its lifespan should be more than 100 billion years."

"In other words, if similar dark matter stars were formed in the early days of the universe, then they theoretically still exist today."

"And the easiest way to determine whether a high-brightness star is a dark matter star or a galaxy is through the spectrum."

"What can be inferred from the void field·dark matter theory is that if dark matter stars really exist, then their spectra will definitely be different from ordinary stars."

"Because dark stars derive their energy from dark matter heating rather than nuclear fusion, they do not produce by-products of nuclear reactions."

"For example, heavy elements such as helium, carbon, and oxygen."

"These elements form absorption lines in the spectra of ordinary stars, but not in the spectra of dark stars."

"On the other hand, the surface temperature of dark stars is much lower than that of ordinary stars because their energy is mainly concentrated in the interior. This means that the spectrum of dark stars will be biased towards the red or infrared band."

"Finally, as long as the density of the dark matter star's massive dark matter particles is high enough, or there is enough dark matter around it, the dark star can theoretically remain stable for an extremely long time."

"Of course, as the density of the internal massive dark matter particles drops to a certain level and cannot continue to support and block the collapse effect, it will collapse, and the contained nebular gas will transform into stars or directly collapse into a black hole."

"If we are lucky enough to observe this process, it will be a cosmic celestial activity that is brighter than a supernova explosion!"

The meeting is over.

But the detection of sterile neutrinos and dark matter is not over.

Whether it was the discussion about sterile neutrinos and dark matter particles at this meeting, or the subsequent post that Xu Chuan posted on the arxiv preprint website "Void Field·Dark Matter Theory", it caused a huge response in the physics community.

In the CRHPC headquarters building, in an office in the American office area, Edward Witten and Frank Wilzek ​​were each holding a copy of the newly released "Void Field·Dark Matter Theory" and carefully flipping through it.

It is worth mentioning that although the United States supports the CERN institution and the CRHPC institution behind the scenes to compete for the holy land of physics, it does not want scholars in basic fields to be lost to China.

However, the United States still participates in the "operation" of CRHPC, spending tens of millions of dollars every year to obtain part of the collision resources from the CRHPC agency.

These collision resources are basically allocated to major universities and related top physics research institutions in the United States.

For example, Professor Frank Wilczek wanted to conduct a collision experiment to verify axions as candidates for cold dark matter particles, so he applied for resources from MIT.

It is also worth mentioning that Frank Wilzek ​​is Xu Chuan's uncle.

Yes, he and Edward Witten are brothers in the same discipline. Both of them are students of Professor David Gross, the former chairman of the CERN Board of Directors.

In the office, after carefully reading "Void Field·Dark Matter Theory" in his hand, Edward Witten raised his left index finger and pushed up his glasses, with a look of interest on his face.

After thinking for a while, he looked at Frank Wilzek ​​opposite who was still flipping through the paper, and asked.

"What do you think of his theory?"

Opposite the sofa, Frank Wilzek ​​thought for a while and then said: "Whether it is logically or mathematically, I have not found any bugs yet."

"But I was very surprised by his speculation on the key relationship between dark matter and dark energy. Massive dark matter particles will release a large amount of dark energy in the process of decay, um, what he calls transformation, driving the collision of the universe. "

"This means that in the early days of the universe, the amount of massive dark matter was probably far greater than what we measure now."

"Moreover, if this theory is correct, then the current expansion of our universe will one day stagnate, which is also inconsistent with the model of the expansion of the universe we currently observe."

"You know, the expansion rate of the observable universe that we have observed through various means is getting faster and faster."

After taking a long breath, Wilzek ​​shook his head and added.

"In short, there are still too many unproven things in this theory."

Opposite the sofa, Witten smiled, holding the paper with one hand, and picking up the coffee cup on the coffee table with the other hand and took a sip and said: "Compared with what you said, I am more curious about what he has not done yet." The completed void field theory.”

"A clue can be seen from the dark matter theory, and there is another unfinished speculation hidden in his void field theory."

"What speculation?" Wilzek ​​asked curiously?

Witten thought for a while and said: "It should be related to space. He probably hasn't found the key yet, or he hasn't confirmed whether dark matter and dark energy are the key."

"Otherwise we should be able to see it in this paper."

"I'm looking forward to it more and more now."

PY: Recommend this book, the boss’s new book~

Recommended words: In the twenty-third century, the starry sky is twinkling, the earth is blocked, human civilization has become the lamentation of the bards, and the world is left with only a barren and dead scorched earth.

Qi Xiuyuan in the 22nd century opened his eyes and returned to reality from that future of human destruction. All disasters had not happened yet, and it was too early to make any conclusions.

In the constant back and forth between the future and reality, we understand the future, correct the reality, and change the future.

Until he breaks the human prison, goes to the edge of the galaxy, and blows the clarion call to counterattack the foreign races.