Guide to traveling through the Northern Song Dynasty

Chapter 1217 Postscript 73·Chemical Standards and Cangzhou Erjun

Night, study.

Xie Yan is reading the latest chemistry journal.

Daiyu and Baochai, who had officially moved here, sat obediently nearby and practiced calligraphy, waiting for Xie Yan's orders at any time.

Zhu Tangxi and Qingluan brought lotus seed soup, and Daiyu and Baochai quickly wrote to pay their respects.

"Is there anything good in this issue?" Zhu Tangxi asked.

Xie Yan said: "Two consecutive issues of the Chemistry Journal have produced a lot of results. There is an article in this issue that uses the known relative atomic masses and compares it with the periodic table of elements left by Taizu to try to find some new rules."

"Is it feasible?" Zhu Tangxi asked.

Xie Yan shook his head: "This method is too clever and may not be very effective."

The periodic table of elements left by Zhu Guoxiang did not indicate electron-related information or relative atomic mass, but merely arranged various elements.

At present, Ming chemists set the relative mass of hydrogen atoms as 1. The relative masses of atoms such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen were also measured through experiments.

Three elements, helium, lithium and beryllium, have not yet been discovered by chemists.

The element boron has long been discovered, and elemental boron is obtained through electrolysis of boron oxide. Because this thing is related to borax, it was naturally identified as boron based on the Taizu Element Table.

Now some people have discovered the wrong rules that they thought were correct based on the measured relative atomic masses.

Before they even found the specific elements, they claimed that in Taizu's periodic table of elements, except for hydrogen, the relative mass difference between the atoms of other adjacent elements was 2.

Therefore, they speculated that the relative atomic masses of the first few elements that have not yet been discovered are: helium 2, lithium 4, and beryllium 6.

And because of experimental accuracy issues, they had errors in measuring the relative mass of boron atoms. So we get: Boron 10, Carbon 12, Nitrogen 14, Oxygen 16.

This also lacks an element with a relative atomic mass of 8, so the author of the paper concluded that when Taizu wrote the element table, he missed an element between beryllium and boron.

This paper caused great controversy, firstly because it was questioned that Taizu had omitted to write it, and secondly because the entire paper was purely the author's conjecture.

But there are also many chemists who support this paper because this speculation is so mathematically beautiful.

Even including sodium, silicon, and phosphorus whose relative atomic masses have been measured, this speculation is barely tenable. The reason why I say "barely" is because the data are approximate, not completely identical.

This unequal approximation is considered to be an error caused by insufficient accuracy of experiments and balances.

Xie Yan drank the lotus seed soup while reading the chemistry journal, and then started writing a paper: "Several Chemical Definitions, Conjectures and Chemical Formula Expressions".

Zhu Tangxi sat aside and watched, and saw Xie Yan writing——

Definition 1: Atoms are elementary particles that cannot be divided into chemical reactions.

Definition 2: Molecules are the smallest particles that maintain the chemical properties of matter.

Definition 3: Chemical conservation, not only the mass of matter that has been proposed before remains unchanged. Its conservation essence is that atoms are recombined through chemical reactions, and the number of atoms that make up the substance remains unchanged before and after the reaction.

Particle conjecture: Atoms are not the smallest particles that make up matter, and can also be subdivided by non-chemical means. The periodic table of elements left by Taizu may be ordered by the number of smaller particles.

Molecular formula: bala bala.

Chemical equation: blah blah blah.

Chemical reaction type: blah blah blah.

After writing the outline, Xie Yan began to write the details.

He did not do his own experiments, but quoted these two issues of chemical journals and supplements to summarize the experimental results of others.

Xie Yan is formulating industry standards...ah, he is formulating academic standards for the chemical industry.

I didn't even understand molecules and atoms before, so I didn't have any molecular formula or chemical equation. Chemists can only use words, arrows, and plus signs to express chemical reactions.

Combination reactions and decomposition reactions have been defined by Ming chemists. The rest are called complex reactions, which are further subdivided into displacement reactions and metathesis reactions.

At the end of the paper, Xie Yan suggested not to rush to find new elements, but to understand the molecular formulas of various compounds of known elements. This is a research direction that can produce results more quickly than searching for new elements.

The paper was not long, so Zhu Tangxi read it quickly and said with a smile: "I can easily understand Liulang's paper when he writes it like this. It is from a high level and explains the profound things in a simple way, which is much better than the convoluted and convoluted papers written by those scholars. After reading this This paper made me feel like a chemist.”

Xie Yan said: "They are exploring like a blind man and exploring bit by bit. I am trying to be clever, summarizing their results and helping them point out the direction of exploration."

Zhu Tangxi sighed: "This requires enough wisdom. Is Liu Lang a talent given by heaven?"

Xie Yan packed up his papers and changed from a chemist to a little puppy. He smiled and asked without formality: "The genius can't sleep alone. Sister, would you like to sleep with the genius?"

"Genius gentleman, please~~~~~~~" Zhu Tangxi sang in a dramatic tone.

Xie Yan hugged her around the waist and left the study amidst the princess's laughter.

The two returned to the bedroom.

Zhu Tangxi lay on the bed and said: "I have vacated two rooms in the library and are converting them into laboratories. There is a fire protection design there, so you are not afraid of accidents. When the laboratory is built, I will be your assistant at home."

"Madam, you can now be an assistant in the human-creation experiment." Xie Yan had already taken off his coat.

Zhu Tangxi's eyes were as charming as silk: "What's new about today's human-creation experiment?"

Xie Yan's head went under her skirt, and Zhu Tangxi was shocked. Soon, she felt shy and happy to experience the fun of the experiment.

Daiyu and Baochai were still tidying up the study.

Seeing that there was no one else in the room, Baochai muttered: "I haven't been intimate with my husband since I moved in."

"What do you mean by intimate? Don't talk nonsense." Daiyu looked outside nervously.

Baochai recalled the time in the Li family courtyard: "My husband hugged me from behind and taught me to write. I especially like to practice calligraphy like that. My husband smells so good."

"That's you. I haven't been hugged by my husband." Daiyu was a little jealous.

Baochai continued to sigh.

Daiyu reminded: "I will work hard to learn to read and study, and then I will be your assistant. If you don't work hard, you can only clean up the study room all the time."

Baochai said it didn't matter: "Then I will keep cleaning up the study room for you. After all, someone has to clean up the study room. Why don't you leave?"

"Go back to sleep, I still have to continue studying and practicing calligraphy." After Daiyu moved to the Princess's Mansion, she became more arrogant than before.

Baochai sighed: "You learn slowly, and see if you can become a female scholar one day."

Not only they moved into the Princess's Mansion, but also Xie Yan's four wives and children who followed him.

Their families followed Xie Yiqin to Beijing, and now they all changed their employment contracts and became servants of the Princess's Mansion.

My friend Wang Sheng will also come to Beijing. He failed the exam for a scholar this year, and his ranking was relatively low, so he almost gave up the idea of ​​taking the imperial examination.

This is also the choice of most book boys, because the court allows domestic servants to take the imperial examination, and they have been accompanying their masters to study, so they choose to take the imperial examination once or twice to try their luck.

After failing the exam once or twice, he immediately gave up and became a servant.

After his elder brother Xie Hong finished the provincial examination and attended the "wedding banquet" held in his hometown, Wang Sheng would follow Xie Hong to Beijing.

...

Let's talk about Baoding Prefecture.

When the Ming Dynasty was just founded, it was divided into Baozhou and Dingzhou.

A correct version can be found in 1619 Book Bar!

The official name of Baozhou City is "Baosai", the only city named "Sai" in the entire Northern Song Dynasty border. It is conceivable how high its military status is.

The Ming Dynasty set Baoding as the capital of Hebei Province in order to confront the Jin soldiers in Youzhou.

Outside the Imperial Academy.

Xie Hong carefully read the first list posted and soon became more nervous. He was not on the last list of the provincial examination.

The sixth brother first became a scholar of Furong, and then became the current prince consort. It would be embarrassing if he didn't pass the imperial examination.

The competition in Hebei Provincial Examination was not as fierce as that in the South.

But the number of admissions is small, only 96 people are admitted in Hebei at a time. This is the great Hebei that includes Linhuang Prefecture!

Soon, the second list was posted.

Xie Hong was stunned immediately, because his name was written third.

The third place in the second list is the eighth place in the total list.

I passed, I passed, and I am the eighth in Hebei!

"Where is the young master of the Xie family?"

"Where is the young master of the Xie family?"

"Master, the young master of the Xie family is over there, let's go and catch him!"

"..."

Ever since the news that Xie Yan was recruited as a son-in-law spread to Hebei, the brothers Xie Hong and Xie Kan have been targeted.

Especially Xie Hong, who is going to participate in the provincial examination, has not married yet in his twenties. He must be waiting to talk about marriage after passing the examination.

"Don't squeeze, don't push, this is our Wang family's nephew!" Baoding Wang had already sent people to protect him.

The Wang family has a legitimate daughter who is fourteen years old. She will be married next year, and she can make a marriage contract first.

"The Great Ming Law·Etiquette Law" stipulates that women can only get married at the age of fifteen.

Seeing the servants of the Wang family surrounding Xie Hong, the other candidates sighed.

Cousins ​​marrying, a marriage between relatives, how could other families compete?

Scholars came one after another to congratulate Xie Hong on his success.

Those who failed the exam forced themselves to smile, while those who passed the exam were very proud. Although they only passed the exam as Juren, they took another step towards Jinshi!

Those who passed the exam this time were all in the same year of the provincial exam, and they invited each other to have fun.

Xie Hong got drunk that night and slept in the singing house with the singing girl. After several years of exams, he finally passed. He didn't need anyone to persuade him to drink, and he drank one cup after another.

No one knew how the show ended, and no one knew who paid for it. Anyway, he sang drunk and fell asleep in a daze.

He couldn't be crazy the next day, because he had to attend the Luming Banquet on the third day.

Back at the Wang family mansion, the uncles came to congratulate him and mentioned Xie Hong's marriage.

The Wang family's adult daughter had already married, so only the 14-year-old cousin of the fifth uncle was the most suitable.

"Congratulations, cousin!"

The cousin bowed and blushed with shame. She knew what the elders were going to talk about.

Xie Hong had never thought much about it before, but now he looked at his cousin and she seemed to be more beautiful. He said to his uncles: "Marriage is a matter of parents' orders and matchmaker's words. Nephew has no objection, but you must report it to your parents first."

The uncles and aunts all laughed. As long as Xie Hong agreed, the matter was basically settled, and Xie Yiqin and his wife would not object.

The next day, at the Luming Banquet, the most popular person was naturally the provincial examination champion, followed by Xie Hong, who ranked eighth.

The education commissioner said to the scholars: "Now there is a 17-year-old scholar named Furong, and his brother has passed the imperial examination. It can be seen that the literary style of Hebei has flourished. The Xie brothers can be called the two steeds of Cangzhou!"

"I don't deserve it, I don't deserve it." Xie Hong said repeatedly.

Regardless of whether he dares to take the title or not, the title of “Two Horses of Cangzhou” has been established.

Even Xie Yan's second brother, Xie Kan, who failed the provincial examination this year, has been constantly approached by matchmakers.

The Xie family plans to pick another one, at least until Xie Kan passes the examination.

The Royal Society's Chemistry Division did not dare to criticize Xie Yan's new paper, and directly convened a meeting of all chemists in Luoyang!

Because the definitions, conjectures, molecular formulas, etc. in Xie Yan's paper set standards for the chemical industry and must be recognized by many chemists.