Harry Potter Morning Light

Before the Russian Mendeleev, there were many attempts to arrange the periodic table of elements, but these tables were never popularized.

Mendeleev loved to play poker since he was a child, and he often never left his hand. For this reason, his parents and teachers were very angry, thinking that this child would not have any great prospects for playing cards like this. Mendeleev admitted that he liked to play poker. One day he would not invite his poker friends and play cards alone at home. However, this kind of poker is different from ordinary poker. It is composed of elements.

Mendeleev lined up these playing cards day and night. A few days later, one of his colleagues worried that he would die at home, so he came to visit him. At that time, Mendeleev was not far from going crazy. Said he dreamed that playing cards were dancing.

At that time, there were 63 known elements, and many elements had not been discovered. Mendeleev recorded the order of the poker cards in his dream, and reserved an empty card for the corresponding position of the undiscovered element. He predicted a total of 11 undiscovered elements, plus the 63 elements that have been discovered, so that There are 74 cards in the deck.

At the beginning, no one believed him. It was not until people discovered the 11 elements in his prediction based on his periodic table that people began to believe what he said.

According to the periodic law he discovered, 18 new elements were discovered. Adding the previous 74 kinds, there are 92 kinds of natural elements in the universe. The elements after No. 92 uranium are not "naturally" formed. It is an artificial element that does not exist in the universe.

Elements from 1 to 92 are all over the universe, and are not unique to the earth. The production of these elements is related to the Big Bang and supernova explosions.

The formation of elements after the 26th iron element requires the death of massive stars, and not always large stars die in the universe, so the heavier elements are less in the universe.

The sun is at least a second-generation star, which means that before the formation of the sun and the solar system, the universe was already full of various elements.

Now a Muggle high school student also knows that the type of element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. Elements 1 to 92 have all been discovered, and protons are not like platforms, they can appear nine and three quarters.

Muggle scientists have discovered the particle of quark, a proton is composed of 3 quarks, if elements can be divided into a more microscopic world, then there may be more elements waiting to be "filled in".

However, no matter how detailed human beings observe particles in the future, there will not be half a proton or a quarter of a proton. At most, a quark can only be expressed as a third of a proton, and a quark will not exist independently of a proton.

The interior of the nucleus is not calm and waveless. The electromagnetic force has been trying to take the protons away from the nucleus, and the positively charged protons are also pushing out the protons because of the same-sex repulsion.

When the protons are pushed out, the element becomes a new element. The process of emitting protons and neutrons from the nucleus is called decay. The time of this decay is called the half-life. These decaying elements are like pianos. On the black keys, there are many notes with the same name appearing in the sound series.

These elements are called isotopes, which have the same number of protons and almost the same chemical properties, but different atomic weights and masses. They are also divided into natural isotopes and artificial isotopes, but isotopes still occupy the same position on the periodic table.

The principle of a nuclear power plant is that the heat source generated by nuclear fuel heats water and converts it into steam. The steam drives a steam turbine, and the steam turbine drives a generator to generate electricity. In essence, it is not much different from a carbon-burning steam engine, but it is much more dangerous and the waste is much more difficult to dispose of.

The uranium rods used in the reactor are natural uranium, and its harm to the human body is almost negligible. Fission can also be said to be decay, and the process of decay will also generate heat, but this process is long-term and takes billions of years, while fission is a short-term violent reaction that generates high heat, and the high heat generated by fission is the nuclear power plant. needed.

The stars in the universe emit light and heat through nuclear fusion reactions. The temperature of the universe outside the stars is very low, it is said to be more than minus 270 degrees.

In 1912, on the way to Antarctica, the ship of the British Scott expedition was very cold, but the kerosene used for heating leaked out, so that all the expedition members froze to death on the Antarctic ice sheet.

During the investigation, people found that the iron drum containing kerosene leaked, which is a more civilized and elegant way of death, and the expedition team had to adopt more extreme methods to survive because the cans expired.

In 1813, Don King invented the tin casting and sealing method, so that the food did not come into contact with the air, so there was no need to worry about it going bad.

Queen Charlotte tried a pot of corned beef and was so impressed that Donkin mass-produced them and sold them to the Navy.

Whether it was a lack of diesel fuel or food spoilage, it was these tin-soldered "cans" that hapless explorers were rewarded with.

Tin is a silver-white metal at room temperature, and white tin will turn into gray tin when it reaches minus 33 degrees. This phenomenon was first discovered by Aristotle. He called it the tin plague. Once it is mixed with a tin plate with "tin plague" With contact, an otherwise "healthy" tin plate can develop gray spots and gradually rot away.

In the winter of the 19th century, Russia was extremely cold. The military warehouse keeper issued brand new military coats to the troops. After the officers and soldiers received this batch of military coats, they found that all the military coats had no buttons. They were so angry that they appealed to the Tsar.

The Tsar was furious when he heard this, and ordered to severely punish the ministers who supervised the production of military uniforms. The minister begged the tsar for a few days to allow him to investigate. When the minister arrived at the warehouse, he saw that there were no buttons on the other military uniforms. The administrator told him that there are buttons when the army is loaded into the warehouse.

The minister was very surprised, and he observed carefully for a while, and found that the button thread was not cut, but there was a small pile of gray powder at each button place. The administrator told him that the buttons on the uniform were originally made of tin.

The minister was puzzled and found the Petersburg Academy of Sciences, asking scholars to explain.

At the beginning, no one could answer this question. Later, a scholar said that he could solve it. After meeting the Tsarina, the scholar said that the tin buttons turned into powder because they were frozen in the sky. The Tsar didn't believe it, so he ordered a tin flagon and put it on a stone table in the frozen garden.

A few days later the young man and the minister accompanied the Tsar into the garden to observe the tin pot. The tin pot was still there, and the tsar and ministers glared at the scholars in unison. He walked up to the tin jug confidently, poked it lightly with his finger, and the tin jug collapsed like a pile of sand and turned into a pile of powder.

This is just a story, because Mendeleev served as an associate professor at Petersburg University in the 19th century, and some people even compiled the protagonist of this story as Mendeleev. Others linked Napoleon's defeat to tin. Napoleon fell to Moscow because the buttons of French soldiers' uniforms were made of metal tin. These shiny silver buttons have mysteriously disappeared in the cold weather of Russia. In Moscow where the temperature is tens of degrees below zero, there is no fighting power.

There are many legendary discoveries that will be adapted into stories, but in fact the process of exploration is extremely boring and not interesting at all. The road to the peak of science is a difficult and tortuous road.

The crystal of white tin has a square crystal structure and is metallic, while the crystal structure of gray tin is the same as that of diamond, silicon and germanium.

When the temperature approaches absolute zero, the movement of atoms becomes slower and slower, and some unimaginable situations will happen at normal temperature.

Also under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, non-metals will also have metallic properties. Anyway, this abnormal material system will not appear in middle school textbooks like the periodic table of elements.

"The Dark Lord used your body to attend a few classes in Padua, and he didn't think tin would be the metal we were looking for to go to heaven." Severus said while leaning on a cigarette, "Even if the seven sacred metals Six of them have turned up."

"You don't believe that," Pomona said lazily, leaning on his shoulder.

"I didn't study alchemy when I was a student, although Slughorn suggested I take it."

Alchemy is an elective course for the sixth and seventh grades at Hogwarts. Not everyone can learn it. After Slughorn left, this subject was controlled by the Transfiguration department.

Severus is a genius in potions, but his knowledge about alchemy mainly comes from Dumbledore, and Dumbledore's research direction is transformation and transformation magic.

In theory, Hermione should be able to take alchemy as an elective. After all, she made a fake Galleon in the fifth grade. It is strange that no tutor is willing to take her.

"You think that sun gold is a new element created by Mungnes Hagrid?" asked Pomona.

"I don't know, I always thought he was a legend."

"God's path is winding and hard to find, but it will flash out in the darkness of unfortunate life." She read softly, "That's written on the last door."

"Excluding the nonmetals on the periodic table, there are 90 more," Severus said.

"And get rid of the artificial ones," Pomona said with a laugh. "No 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, just natural vanillin vanilla ice cream."

"You're only finding the joke now, the dinosaurs react faster than you."

"Wait, let me think about it, because I stepped on the tail of the brontosaurus, it will take three minutes to feel it?"

Severus smirked, "You're so smart."

"That's what you lied to me!" Pomona glared at Snotlone. Both he and Lily had studied in Muggle schools, and they always lied to her with false "common sense".

"I didn't say that, but Lily said it." The big liar corrected seriously, "And she didn't lie to you, she thinks so too."

"real?"

"certainly."

Pomona looked at him, trying to read something from his face.

However, the old bat is a double agent after all, his acting skills are top-notch, both Albus and Voldemort have been deceived by him, and she can't see any problems from his face.

"Bastard!" she cursed as disgruntled as the others.

Is juggling that fun?

Pomona's anger entertained the head of Slytherin, who smiled so smugly, showing his yellow teeth, that one could wish to punch him flat.