Harry Potter Morning Light

The dean building of St. Donatin Church in Bruges is Baroque in order to resist the Reformation, which happened to be the period of Spanish rule.

Even though the Spaniards gave the Netherlands autonomy, the "Netherlands Revolution" broke out in the Netherlands against Spanish rule, or the Eighty Years' War.

The King of Spain at that time was a well-known Catholic, and the wealth of the Netherlands was not unrelated to the Hanseatic League. The main participants in the Hanseatic League were North Germans, Britain, Sweden and other Protestant countries. The reforms of Emperor Joseph II of Austria included freedom of worship for Protestant minorities, dereligious citizenship, and the abolition of abbeys and parish seminaries. The people who opposed him were mainly Catholic people. At this time, the Hanseatic League had disintegrated, and the former "Northern Lion" Sweden had also weakened. Protestants could no longer support William of Orange as they did in the 17th century, and fought against the Spaniards It's been a few games.

The Inquisition not only tried witches, but also "heretics", and was sometimes used to exclude dissidents. Finally, William of Orange was elected by the Dutch people as the monarch of the Dutch Republic, but he was assassinated by Spanish assassins in his own home. King Philip II of Spain offered a reward of 40,000 guilders to hunt down the assassins, but the Spaniards did not take the opportunity to continue War, because William's son inherited the Dutch royal family, and it was William III and Mary II of the Orange family who replaced James' son after the tyrant James II was overthrown, and were supported by the British Parliament as King of England.

There were a lot of things she really shouldn't have to do, but if the wizards couldn't succeed in asking the king to legislate to recognize and protect wizards, then at least those witchcraft-related laws could be abolished.

However, Joseph II did not include these provisions in the new penal code introduced for Austria and Hungary in 1787, and his reforms were resisted in Belgium, where conscription by the French Directorate in 1798 and 1799 provoked Belgian peasant uprisings and Extremely brutal repression.

There is a clear difference between the peasants and the middle class. The French Revolution was a thorough bourgeois revolution. In 1789, the conservatives and progressives of the Netherlands united against Austria. Eventually conservative statist factions moved into Brussels, but the peasants still supported Austria.

This movement was called the Brabant Uprising, because the rebel army declared the establishment of the United States of Brabant after occupying Brussels, and the constitution was promulgated in 1790, but the leaders of the uprising Nott and Onke broke up because of their political differences. Onck went into exile abroad, and the Austrian emperor Leopold II, who had just ascended the throne, immediately sent troops to defeat Nott and reoccupied Brussels without popular opposition.

That is to say, the upper class in Belgium opposed Austrian rule, and the peasants supported it; the upper class accepted French rule, and the peasants opposed it.

There was once a case in Switzerland about a maid named Anna Gorledi who worked for a family called Tetrudy. However, she had a "love relationship" with the male owner of the family, and Techudi was married at the time and was the father of two children. Geledi wanted to disclose their relationship after she became pregnant, and Techudi was afraid After the incident was exposed, she lost her reputation and status, so she conspired with friends and relatives who worked in churches and courts to accuse Gorrady of being a witch, and put poison needles in his daughter's feeding bottle in an attempt to poison his child. Dee was tortured, finally beaten into a trick, and beheaded in 1782.

Mr. Techudi's daughter is still breastfeeding, which means that his wife should be pregnant and give birth soon. Not only did he sleep with the maid during his wife's pregnancy, but after the maid was pregnant, he also wanted to kill her to silence her. reputation and status. However, this judicial murder was sent to a German newspaper by a member of the church who witnessed the whole incident, which caused an uproar in Europe. Laws pertaining to witchcraft or sorcery were removed, and it was said that Gorretti was the "last witch" of Europe.

Prohibition of witchcraft persecution is one of the great achievements of European history, accusing someone of witch-hunting has become an effective way to condemn, but the current situation is not as simple as future people think.

The process of European modernization completely changed the rules of the game after the collapse of Western Rome, and the French Revolution completely abolished the crime of imagination. You must first understand which world you live in, infrastructure, agricultural production, industrial development, housing, sanitation, medical security, etc. People are still being threatened by malaria, smallpox, and cholera. Beer was a popular drink for the army during Gustav's Thirty Years' War. Wars often caused water pollution, and soldiers who drank that kind of water would definitely lose their combat effectiveness.

There is such a sentence in the fable of the bee, honor and religion are contradictory, some people tell you to use patience to fight against harm, some people will tell you, if you don't hate those who hurt you, you will There are no rules of survival. Religion requires you to entrust your vengeance to God, but honor requires you not to use other people's hands to complete your revenge plan. The only thing you can rely on is yourself.

Religion stipulates that killing is not allowed, while honor publicly declares that killing is legal, and soldiers regard killing a large number of enemies as a kind of merit. How can the two be harmoniously unified?

The author can't think of an answer to this question, and he wishes someone wiser than himself had dealt with it.

In ancient Germanic law, there was no formal procedure of denouncing the king as a necessary prerequisite for punishing or overthrowing the king, nor was there a judicial procedure for the king's wrongdoing. question.

But there is such a sentence:

Sciat quod obsequium sibi non debetur,

Quit negat servicium, quo doe tenetur.

(Let him know that one need not obey the one who denies his duty to God.)

This involves the right of resistance owned by the Germanic nation. This is not the kind of resistance of uprising or rebellion. In the early medieval concept, the basic obligation of subjects to the ruler is loyalty, but loyalty is different from obedience. Only when both parties maintain integrity Under the circumstances, one party is only obliged to the other party.

If the king breaks the law, he automatically renounces his right to demand obedience from his subjects. In any case, it is not legal to cut up a mistress and throw it out of the window like garbage, although the king did not commit such atrocities.

Only a loyal king can have loyal subjects. On the other hand, the bad rule of the monarch may also be due to the deceit of flatterers and treacherous counselors. The king is no longer enslaved by treacherous ministers. In this case, the people are brave enough to "against the king for the king's sake". This is the right to resist.

The French Republic annexed the Principality of Liege, and the ruler of the Principality of Liege was the archbishop. In the 11th century, the bishop of Liege, Vazuo, directly pointed out the difference between obedience and allegiance in the battle for entrustment. He said to the king that for the pope, he Obedience is required, and to the king, he must be loyal. In the church system, people must obey a higher authority, but this premise is to teach the higher authority not to make mistakes. If he makes a mistake, he does not need to obey unconditionally. For example, in the case of Gorrady’s murder, the low-level priest gave the information to reporter.

The right to resist exists in the secular and the church. The reason why Bruges refused to dig a second time to connect with the Rees River Canal is that such digging will cause negative problems, and the harm outweighs the benefits, so they are using the right to resist legitimately.

There is not always a contradiction between the church and the secular. In the 9th century, the church and the secular resistance formed an alliance. After Charlemagne, the Carolingian Dynasty has always had the title of Roman Emperor, but it is only a title. The Eastern Roman Empire was established in 1453. It was called the "Roman Empire" before its demise, and Constantinople was called New Rome.

Due to Diocletian's system of four emperors, Rome was divided into two parts, the East and the West. The Eastern Roman Empire was different from the Western Rome that believed in many gods, and it also avoided the difficulties encountered by the Western Rome in the 3rd and 4th centuries.

Eastern Rome had to face the Persians and Slavs, and Western Rome had to face the Vikings, Goths, etc. The four sons of Louis the Pious were born to two women respectively. The first three had a mother. The fourth son, Charlie the Bald, was his second wife Judis of Bavaria. Charles the Bald gained the western part of the empire through the Treaty of Verdun, forming what would become France, The eastern part of the empire became the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire.

Lothair inherited the title of emperor and was assigned to the Middle Frank Kingdom west of the Rhine and the Alps. Louis of the Germans was assigned to the east of the Rhine. With the last monarch of East Frank, the child Louis died without a child, so the Duke of East Frank They elected a non-Carolingian German monarch, and the Carolingian succession system was abolished.

The alliance between the church and the secular resistance right came into being in the chaos of the 9th century, because the secular dignitaries ruled in the name of God to eliminate dissidents...

"What are you looking at?"

Leon lifted the quilt and lay beside her.

I'm thinking that men can't always make correct judgments and do stupid things that are emotional.

"Can I ask you a question." She put down her book and looked at him.

He also looked at her.

"Do I look ambitious?"

He laughed.

"what's so funny?"

"Have you taken a fancy to the paintings in this house?" He asked back.

"You told me not to take these artworks." She frowned.

"Then what is your ambition?" He asked slowly.

She thought for a long time.

"Eradicate poverty," she said insincerely.

"Liar, why does Wendini only ask others to be honest with her?"

For her, the most important thing is to ban witch hunts.

But he kissed her, as if he didn't really want to know what her "ambition" was.

"How about not playing Wendini?" He said softly, "How about Sylph, the Wind Elf?"

She soon woke up from the "magic" he created.

Sylph is easily confused with other air elves, but she has a characteristic. When she marries a mortal, the mortal will have eternal life, which is an indispensable element in alchemy to refine the Philosopher's Stone.

Salamander and the fire elemental elf are the same name, and there is also the earth elemental elf Noam...

"How about we dress up as Smurfs?" she laughs. "It's sure to be cute."

"What's that?" he asked.

So she sang: "There is a group of Smurfs on the other side of the mountain and the sea. They are lively and smart, naughty and sensitive. They live freely in the big green forest. They are kind, brave and care about each other. .”

He looked at her seriously.

"Our children all know what a Smurf is. It is a kind of elf native to Belgium." She touched his smooth and fair face. "First of all, you have to paint your skin blue."

Also put on white trousers, his uniform trousers were all white, which happened to be off-the-shelf.

But when she imagined that scene, she couldn't help but want to laugh. The shape was more exaggerated than asking him to push a chicken.

She endured it for a long time and didn't dare to laugh out loud, because he didn't allow her to laugh, and she was about to hurt herself.

"Because we're all short? Playing dwarfs?" he said grimly.

"Believe me, that's cuter than a goblin."

"What is a goblin?"

"A garden pest."

"Don't you pretend to be a fairy, but a pest?"

"Whoever says play a goblin, I'm talking a smurf."

"What is their power?" he asked defiantly.

Later, when she thought about it, the Smurfs were dealing with Gargamel, so she didn't think it was fun.

"You pretend to be a fairy, what should I pretend to be?" He asked lazily.

"How about you play the Roman soldier who cut off the giant's hand?"

He shook his head, lay back on his seat again, and discussed with her how to dress up tomorrow.

In fact, he can pretend not to be anyone, just be a mortal who fell in love with a fairy. But whether it is breaking the oath with Wendini and not being able to sleep, or obtaining eternal life like Sylph is a curse.

So mortals should stay away from the other world.