Harry Potter’s Morning Light

  Chapter 1991 "Eagle" and "Dove" (9)

  At the time of North America’s independence, there were 13 states, plus the three newly added states, but only 16 states. If the principle of "one state, one vote" is followed, how can 71 votes be dominant?

Before the United States acquired Louisiana, the United States implemented a representative system. State votes were not directly elected by voters. Instead, they were elected by the electoral college elected by the state legislatures. President, then there will be a situation where a state has 4 votes or more.

  This system began in 1788. At the beginning, the number of electoral votes in each state in the United States was equal to the number of senators and deputies of the state in Congress. The Senate elected 2 members from each state, and the number of House of Representatives was determined according to the proportion of the population of each state.

It is not the number of the population, but the proportion of the population. Citizens and voters are not the same concept. It does not mean that American citizens have the right to vote. For example, women do not. The more. Georgia adds 2 members of the House of Representatives to 2 members of the Senate, for a total of 4 votes.

  Before the start of the election, some people have expressed their anxiety. The founding fathers thought that the most votes were the best in the initial design, and the second most was almost the one who did not take into account the issue of political views between the president and the vice president.

  When John Adams and Jefferson served under Washington, there were a lot of conflicts due to different political opinions, and a Hamilton was added in between. Although Hamilton has almost missed the presidency for various reasons, he is the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States and the pioneer of the US treasury system.

  The War of Independence left the newly formed federal government's treasury in deficit, with no international credibility at all. When the states were unable to repay their debts, Hamilton proposed that the federal government assume and repay the foreign debts of all states.

  This system was rejected at the beginning, but Hamilton insisted that only by establishing a unified national debt can the United States establish credibility in the international arena.

All in all, the second president, John Adams, did not hope for his re-election. He had no obvious achievements in domestic and foreign affairs, especially after the passage of the "Foreigners and Sedition Act" that stifled press freedom. It is even more frequent. Even though he often walks into the tavern and drinks with ordinary Americans.

  Taverns are usually also ballot stations. This is not only conducive to distributing small drinks to voters for free, but also a place where people get news, newspapers and the latest political pamphlets.

Jefferson of the Democratic Republican Party rarely went to such occasions. Compared with John Adams, Jefferson was pro-French. The xyz incident in 1797 occurred during Adams’ tenure, including John Marshall and Charles Cotsworth. · Pinckney.

In the 1800 election, there were a total of 138 electors in 16 states, and the number of votes that could be elected was 70 votes. Without Georgia’s 4 votes, both Jefferson and Burr would only get 69 votes, not more than half. He is about to enter a final election of 5 people in accordance with the requirements of the constitution. These five people include Jefferson, Burr, John Adams (65 votes), Charles Cotsworth Pinckney (64 votes) and John. Jay (1 vote).

This will enter a tug-of-war and will force Jefferson into a very difficult competition. If it is a contest between two people, Federalist MPs will vote for Burr. If there are five people competing, they will have more. The choice can even allow John Adams to be re-elected.

Bonaparte has explained how Jefferson’s "little tricks" were used before, and then the four questionable ballots. According to Article 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the electors should make a list of all the candidates, indicating The number of votes received by each person should also be signed to prove, and the sealed list should be handed over to the seat of the United States government to the Speaker of the Senate.

  This can be understood as a "confirmation certificate". The voter must attach this certificate when casting the ballot. However, the four questionable electoral votes do not meet the requirements of Article 2 of the Constitution.

The envelope submitted by Georgia in 1800 contained only one list instead of two, which means that one side of the list was signed by Governor James Jackson, confirming the state’s electoral votes, and the back was the state’s electoral votes. , The only information that can prove the voter’s vote appears on the back of the confirmation certificate.

This document did not meet the formal requirements set out in the constitution, and all the electors did not "own" their signatures for confirmation. Disputes will result in this paper document may only be a list signed by one of the parties.

  In 1800, Georgia was a frontier region, and the law was not perfect. Immediately after Georgia violated the regulations of formalism, there was a follow-up that Jefferson finally ruled four votes in Georgia as the Speaker of the Senate.

  Jefferson did this very risky. Subsequent newspapers publicly announced the Georgia vote problem and also raised Jefferson’s domineering attitude.

Napoleon also did similar things, but instead of elections, he became the first governor by government. The constitution stipulates that the first governor is not allowed to lead troops, so he made Berthier the commander-in-chief and went out with the army and won. The Battle of Marengo.

  In fact, after Jefferson's ruling, Georgia could also raise an objection, but Georgia remained silent.

  John Adams was the first president to enter the White House. The capital of the United States was Philadelphia. The Federal Party used the constitution to compromise slavery in the newspapers attacking the Democratic and Republican Party. Georgia is also a slave state. They would not approve of Federalist Adams.

  Originally because of the xyz incident, when Adams described the French "XX" and other things that blackmailed the United States for his own convenience, the United States was deeply humiliated and furious. The Federalists did their best to control this wave of public opinion and formulated a sedition bill to counter the public opinion of opponents:

  In order to defend the enemy, he would rather spend a fortune instead of asking for a penny in return.

   Make the French supporters like Jefferson angry. Nothing can unite the entire country to support its president like a war.

  Then Congress immediately enlisted new recruits into the army, and at least established an army of 50,000 on paper.

  However, in February 1799, Adams' attitude took a 180-degree turn, declaring that there would be "peace, no war". He dispatched William Vance Murray to France and disbanded Hamilton's expanded army.

  Adams proposed peace with France and completely alienated Hamilton and many Federalist leaders. They were all confused by Adams' sharp change in course.

   Adams inherited the government formed by Washington. Compared with Adams, Hamilton is more in line with their "monarch" candidates.

Each state has its own election timetable. In the 1800 election, New York was the first to conduct elections. New York was considered Hamilton's hometown. He also proposed to make New York the first capital of the United States. When Burr and his Democratic Republicans defeated in New York Adams only became angry when he got away from Adams. Without New York’s electoral votes, his re-election would become very slim. So he fired two Hamilton men in his government. Marshall replaced one of them as secretary of state. Hamilton published a pamphlet publicly claiming that Adams was in Emotionally speaking, it is not suitable for the second term.

  Although Napoleon took the army when he launched the Wuyue coup, Adams had nothing to do with him when he disbanded Hamilton's army. The Wuyue coup took place in November, and Adams began to take action in February, unless he had the ability to predict the prophet.

  But Americans love to join in the fun. It is said that 100,000 people gathered on Capitol Hill and waited for the results of the election. The scene was similar to the crowd gathered in St. Peter’s Square in Rome, waiting to see the white smoke from the chimneys.

  "Do you think the Americans dare to rush to Capitol Hill?" Georgiana asked while lying on the bed while drinking frozen juice.

   "What do you think?" Leon asked with a sullen smile.

  She tried to imagine that picture.

   "That's crazy." She muttered in disbelief.

  "Wake up from the wine?" He asked with ulterior motives.

  She did not answer.

   So he got up and blew out the candle in the bedroom.

  (End of this chapter)