Harry Potter’s Morning Light

  Chapter 2008 Thickness of the Crucible (3)

  The cheesecloth is worn by the poor, and it can be seen at a glance. The muslin was worn by fashionable women in Paris. Before the Revolution, the nobles were extremely extravagant. They wore silk. Although muslin was profitable, the price of its finished product was much cheaper than silk, not to mention that it was more expensive than coarse cloth. Good skin-friendly, soft and comfortable to wear on the body, even for men's clothing, fine cotton cloth is needed for shirts.

The printing machine is also not the same as immersed in dyed water in Georgina’s imagination. It is made of many rollers. Depending on the complexity of the pattern, there are several rollers. Each roller has a color, similar to printing. The newspaper machine, after printing one color, prints the next color to match the flowers. It requires a lot of rollers, and it takes a long time to debug the equipment. However, it does not require too much manual intervention to work. Once it is prepared, as long as the pattern on the roller is not blurred due to wear, it can theoretically be used indefinitely. There is no problem at all to make several million yards of fabric.

  Dieppe can make beautiful dental sculptures. There is no problem with the exquisitely carved rollers, but as Sharptal discovered during his inspection in Ifto before, the skeins must be even for the skeins to be evenly dyed. The water absorption of cotton is much better than that of wool, and printing complex patterns can easily ruin a piece of cloth due to uneven dyeing. Therefore, even if Dieppe has the advantage of plate making, it is still not possible to print and dye fabrics with complex patterns.

  The British patent law only protects patents for 14 years. When John Peron’s patent expires, the parliament does not allow him to continue to extend the patent. Instead, the textile industry donates more than 10,000 pounds to him as compensation.

  Samuel Crompton’s mule machine can’t be patented at all, because half of this machine is Arkwright’s hydro-spinning machine. He had only two choices, either to make it public or to destroy it. Crompton’s approach was to make it public, and his colleagues also gave him compensation, a total of 67 pounds, six shillings and six pence, part of which Still unwilling to pledge, he probably has even less in his hand.

  And this spinning machine is highly confidential. The window of the factory is very small. If you want to take a peek, you have to climb up the ladder and you will be easily spotted.

But even if he can guard against the people outside, he can't guard against his own. In 1791, a worker named Robert Peel wanted to partner with Crompton, but he refused. Later, Robert Peel opened his own spinning company. He became a member of the House of Commons in just over ten years, and his son also entered Oxford to study.

Crompton’s father was a farmer, and Arkwright was a village priest. According to the regulations of the medieval guild, they had to work as apprentices for two or three years to become helpers. After two or three years, they could become craftsmen and then they could start their own businesses. . In the later stages of the guild, it became more and more difficult to obtain a master craftsman's independent business, and a "masterpiece" must be made in front of the president to restrict the craftsman from becoming a craftsman.

Moreover, the guild does not allow the use of tools beyond the usual practice. In order to prevent vicious competition among members, the quantity, quality and price of each member’s products are strictly controlled to prevent price-cutting competition. Even if there is technological innovation, the guild has technical jurisdiction. In the hands, not in the hands of individuals.

  In the early development of wool textile industry centers such as Italy, the guilds have been implemented for much longer than in the United Kingdom. At the same time, when the guild system in the UK has basically been eliminated, there are still remnants of the guild system in mainland China.

  Just like Sharptal said, if there is no such freedom, technological progress is impossible. As long as we continue to stick to the tradition, Marseille soap will be the formula of the Louis XIV period for two hundred years.

  The wool textile industry will monitor each other, while the cotton textile industry is to prevent each other from peeking and learning. Although they have many similarities, they take a different path.

  The grammage is an important indicator of woolen woolen cloth. The higher the grammage, the better the quality and the more expensive the price. On the contrary, fabrics with lower grammage are cheaper and the quality will be worse.

Just like the cloth that Giorgio Anna held in her hand before, they are of equal weight, but the area is different, the weight divided by the area, the weight per square meter is also different, maybe a piece of cloth looks larger than b piece of cloth , But the density of a is lower than that of b, and the number of warp and weft threads used by a is also less.

The other is the count. If a pound of cotton yarn can spin 8400 yards of cotton, this is 10 yarns, 16800 yards is 20 yarns, and the yarn is much thinner. Generally speaking, it can be called more than 40 yarns. High-count yarn, which requires high-quality raw materials and high-end equipment to be spun. In the case of equal weight, the density of high-count yarn is much denser than that of low-count yarn.

As for the issue of width, take curtains as an example. Some windows are slender and fall from the ceiling to the ground. Such windows require very long curtains, that is, narrow fabrics. If the windows are very wide, use a few narrow pieces. Fabric spliced ​​together. If the window is long and not high, use a wide cloth, one whole piece is enough, and there is no need for splicing.

  In short, the “water” in this line may be deeper than the sea. If she told the admirers of Napoleon Bonaparte in the 21st century that she and their idols discussed the curtain issue, she would probably be laughed to death.

  But she feels that this is the first line of life for "peace". The muslin is very light and thin, but now neither Britain nor France has established a standard.

Crompton, who invented the mule machine, later opened a small factory. Those factory owners who made money with the machine he invented were afraid that he would compete to exclude him. After Crompton invented the new carding machine, Crompton put it It was smashed. He lived in poverty and the parliament did not allow him to go abroad. The commercial spies sent by Napoleon sought him out, and the factory owners donated 500 pounds to him at this time.

As for the steam engine assembly engineer who invented the gas lamp, it was impossible to dig it away. After the Amiens peace treaty was signed, Bolton, his sons and the Watt brothers published an announcement in the Birmingham Gazette and London newspapers, and the factory will not be public in the future. It showed, and the assembly engineer refused all the high-paying invitations because of his loyalty to Soho.

  They visited for about two hours, and did not leave until the workers in this shift were almost off work. After the dinner, they were taken by local officials to a house that looked good.

  It is in Baroque style, with cool and gorgeous marble floors, thick velvet beds and tapestries. It used to be a noble holiday villa.

The only problem is that it may not have been used for many years. All the chimneys are not ventilated. Napoleon would have to light a fire everywhere he went. If Constant lit the fireplace, she estimated that everyone in the house would be choked by the smoke. die.

  So he got angry.

  The last time he got angry and smashed the office, this time he was more sulking, as if to ignore him, he would be able to adjust his emotions after a while.

  Don’t say Bonaparte is a man, and Georgiana feels upset, but fortunately, this messy situation finally found a thread.

   "Aha!" Georgiana had a flash of inspiration.

   "What's wrong?" he asked listlessly.

  Georgiana walked to his side, covered his ears with her hands, and told him the secret alone.

   "Imagine you are taming a fierce horse, Leon. It is not so easy to make it obedient."

  He held her in his arms, as if he was using her as a human-shaped heater.

  "咚咚"

  There was a knock on the door.

   "Madam, a gentleman from England is looking for you." Figl said.

   "Let him wait." Bonaparte said loudly, and then there was no sound outside the door.

   "Why are you busier than me." He complained.

  She kissed his hair, his hair is very soft, I don’t know what quality this is in the eyes of the groomer.

  (End of this chapter)