Harry Potter’s Morning Light

   Chapter 2325 peternnnchen (seven)

Bread and meat are usually side dishes on the table, but in Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations", meat and bread are in competition. Countries that are under-cultivated often have large wastelands, such as those of nomads, whose staple food is Meat, while staples like flour are more expensive.

The land in the relatively advanced farming areas has been reclaimed, resulting in less wasteland for livestock, and the cost of pasture for raising livestock has increased, because people do not know whether they need meat, milk and horses, all of which require pasture, and this large And bulky goods are difficult to transport from a distance.

   This is the case in the Netherlands, where their land is used for the production of pastures and grains, the basic food of man, are imported from abroad. This has always been the case in many parts of ancient Italy. In the records of Cicero, in the heyday of ancient Rome, raising livestock in private territories was the first profit, while grain was obtained from conquered provinces such as Egypt and Syria at very low or even free prices. delivered at the price in lieu of paying taxes.

Georgia is located in the South Caucasus, bordering Turkey and Russia, on the Black Sea. It has been protected by Russia since 1783. It was the place where Jason found the Golden Fleece. Before it was incorporated into Tsarist Russia, it was the Safavid Empire of the Ottoman Empire. target of contention.

  Georgianna kept thinking about a question when she kneaded the cheese pie, is this plan proposed by the Dutch West India Company really well-intentioned?

In the fourth edition of The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith dedicated it to a man named Henry Hope, who was the owner of the Hope Bank in Amsterdam, or who was able to establish a business partnership with the Hope family. Relationship, in the European banking circle at the time, meant a passport to wealth and power. The founder of Barings Bank, Viscount Francis Barings was one of them.

During the Seven Years War, the Hope family made a fortune because of the slave trade. After the war, they arranged government loans for Sweden, Russia, Portugal and Bavaria, led the Anglo-Dutch syndicate to underwrite these national debts, and let the bankers go to England and the Netherlands with Napoleon. As with the purchase of grain, commissions were drawn, and the family loaned out to planters in West India, in return for sugar, coffee and tobacco.

  The Hope family also provided a lot of loans to the Portuguese royal family, and Portugal gave the Hope family the right to operate the diamond trade in Brazil, thus making Amsterdam a new European diamond trading center.

  Although the silver mines in Mexico have been exhausted, the discovery of diamonds and gold has eased the financial burden on Portugal, and the financial inequality between Portugal and the United Kingdom has become an irreversible fact. But by the 18th century this inequality was offset by gold and diamonds, and the precious metals on the other hand led to a new gold rush, sparked a wave of Portuguese immigration to Brazil, which led to a sugar boom in northeastern Brazil, and at the same time The demand for slaves also increased.

Not only for plantations, but also for mines. The biggest customer of the Hope family for diamonds is Catherine II. Although many women love diamonds, Queen Catherine II especially likes them. She officially ascended the throne. The luxurious crown used nearly 5,000 diamonds. In addition to the crowns taken from other European kings, there were also many provided by merchants from various countries. In addition, the Queen has a soft spot for bow jewelry, and she even sets diamonds on daily necessities.

Diamonds, and the Hope family gave the tsarist government a lot of financing loans. Catherine II not only gave the Hope family the exclusive agency to import Russian sugar, but also the European trade of grain and timber. The Hope family also Therefore, he once became the richest man in Europe, not only controlling the Dutch East India Company and the West India Company, but also an ally of the Anglo-Dutch syndicate.

However, with the accession of Tsar Alexander, at least he did not love diamonds so much. The Hopp family's monopoly on the grain trade of Tsarist Russia was replaced by agents cultivated by Russia itself. Georgiana could not remember his name for a while, but she remembered him in Marseilles Activity.

   Marseille is close to the Mediterranean Sea. If a railway is built to Lyon, and then transported from Lyon to Paris, it will become a very busy traffic line. Parliament has never approved the construction of a rail road connecting Paris and Lyon.

   The plan to dig through the Suez Canal to allow trade in the Mediterranean to flourish and build another one sounds perfect. But Bonaparte also incited Austrian envoys to take back Silesia, which has become a steel city under Prussia's many years of operation.

   This is also in line with Queen Maria Teresa's long-term desire to take back Silesia, but the Prussian envoy also said that as long as the League of Nations is not formed, Prussia can completely protect Silesia.

  In order to wage war, national debts are issued, and bankers underwrite national debts, so that bankers can influence the political and foreign affairs of European and American countries with financial power.

  Many wars are not decided at once, and even the victory and defeat will drag on for more than ten years or a hundred years after occupying the area, so it is difficult to get out of the quagmire.

The war debt made the ruler deeper and deeper. Similar to the later Egyptian ruler, after the completion of the Suez Canal, he engaged in construction in the country, and agriculture did not make Egypt rich, but owed debts and used the Suez Canal. shares as collateral.

   This is a trap, the Amiens Treaty stipulates that Britain should return Malta, and it is stuck there like a thorn, and Napoleon will be furious at the slightest mention of it.

Now there is also the issue of Santo Domingo. Originally, Prime Minister Addington ordered to hunt down French fishing boats and treat French fishermen like warships. Dieppe's neglect was also related to Napoleon's failure to redeem those prisoners detained in Britain. A "representative" was sent over and the real French warships left Europe for Santo Domingo.

   It is not necessarily the British who told Toussaint Louverture that France intends to restore slavery. The ambassador of the Republic of Batavia also wore Southeast Asian clothes on the day of the hunt, possibly in protest over Ceylon.

   Anyone can be suspected, anyone is possible, but only the culprit cannot be found.

  When the king and his wife came to the inn, even if they didn't beg the townspeople to let them go, it would not be so easy to resist by force. Those who were pulling the horses could kill the horses, so they couldn't run away.

But Georgiana figured it out herself. Others are not necessarily. Although those people were on her side, she also made them do a lot of forbearance. If you let them endure it, they can also choose to quit, and then Georgiana will be real. became a housewife.

  The more coins, the better. Aston Martin reminded her before that Napoleon brought a lot of precious metal currency back to France, just like when the Spaniards discovered silver mines. This time, the currency of the Holy Roman Empire was seized and the franc was recast. If it is not good, it will cause the same problem.

However, Napoleon could also transport all the precious metals in the credit bank when he started the war. In the end, the Dutch owed a lot of debt. When Napoleon repaid the money through legal means, he found that he had transferred his share to someone else, George Anna only has a castle worth 1 million francs and some jewels. Can she fill that hole?

  There are a lot of women around these successful men, and instead of worrying about those "international events", she should think about her own problems.

  The law of the market economy means that people will buy cheap and good products, and such products are competitive. Even if Napoleon finds a substitute, the price of coffee will be more expensive than before, and customers will have to pay more to enjoy the same life as before.

   Then several scandals are exposed, and people will understand it in the direction of corruption.

   During the period of Edward III, the British wool textile industry was in a prosperous state, but the price of British wool fell a lot.

First, because England and France were in the Hundred Years' War at the time, although they were at war before, Edward III absolutely prohibited England from exporting wool and selling it to the Netherlands. Second, he allowed Spain to import wool duty-free. Third, he prohibited Ireland from exporting wool to anyone except England. country exports. This has led to an "oversupply" of wool, or that the wool product manufacturing industry before the Industrial Revolution was not productive enough to consume that much wool, leading to a drop in prices.

   And the Netherlands was suspended due to lack of raw materials. Before that, Edward III had established his new badge in Ghent, but Philip II of Burgundy expanded his power to obtain Flanders.

Scotland also produces wool, but Scotland is busy with the "War of Independence". When Edward III attacked France, King Philip VI of France asked the King of Scotland to invade England, hoping to force Edward III to divide his troops back to save the country, because Scotland and France were allies at the time , Scotland also really sent troops, Scottish wool could not enter England.

  Britain and the Duchy of Burgundy both targeted France, so after the Duchy of Burgundy and England allied, the Scottish wool could not be sold to Flanders controlled by the Duchy of Burgundy.

   But that was at the end of the Hundred Years War between England and France, Edward III had also died, and the price of wool began to rise, so it didn't matter who sold it or not.

There are not so many entanglements of interests that can often be kept out of the way. Albus is always pacing and thinking in his office on the tower by himself. She did not expect that even a social Hufflepuff would be isolated. one day.

   Maybe it's because she doesn't want to be led by that invisible hand and dance with the baton in its hand.

  The joy and happiness of human beings are like forests, they are beautiful from a distance, but if you go inside, the beauty will disappear. In fact, she likes the cold attitude of the French, and she doesn't know how to give it back to others if she is too enthusiastic.

   She can't take other people's things, even a carrot.

   After kneading the dough, she took the carrot that she didn't know who had put into her vegetable basket and looked at it. What should she do with it?

   (end of this chapter)