Harry Potter’s Morning Light

   Chapter 2343 bêtesfauves (on)

  Father Gregoire is known for his uprightness and daring to expose some absurd excesses, whether at court or in the Revolution.

  In the 11th century, as the Benedictine monks increasingly violated the spirit of the canon, some monks came to the swamps near Dijon, Burgundy, in eastern France to create new convents and live a more peaceful, simple, laboring, and prayer-reading life.

   At that time, Burgundy was still an undeveloped inland area, and the convenience of trade was far less than that of port cities, but the Cistercian monks were diligent and capable, and after they were self-sufficient, they began to sell wool, grain, salt, etc.

Wine is known as flowing red gold. It was monopolized by the Italians until the 14th century. The Byzantine Empire only charged 4% of Venice's tax and 10% of its own merchants, but even so, it was no match for the privileged monastery. Wine, they not only had no tax, but they also had a tithe, so the monks quickly became very rich.

In the Bordeaux region, there are also tax-free privileges for self-produced wine. Bourgeois originally referred to people who lived in the Bordeaux region, and later became the "middle class". In the 15th century, they also began to sell wine, but the Bordeaux region is classified by winery, while Bourgeois Gendy is graded by vineyard. Pomona remembers taking a hot air balloon ride in Burgundy, where she saw an abandoned Quidditch pitch.

  The Cistercian was an expert in wine making in the Middle Ages and an expert in viticulture. The grand crus vineyards in the hills and other places originally belonged to the church and the nobility.

Basically, vineyards in Burgundy were divided into large and small pieces during this period, and a piece of vineyard was often owned by several or even a dozen wineries. Napoleon has always wanted the "King of Wine" produced in this winery, but was rejected by the priest who guarded the vineyard.

Gabriel Ouflair, a relative named Julien Ouflair, a professor at the University of Paris and a law teacher to Napoleon, bought a Burgundy from a heavily indebted banker No. Vineyard.

   The "Bread and Blood" movement broke out in the UK last year. This slogan sounds very Jacobin, and Georgiana has always felt that it has something to do with Julian Ufrard.

   He rejected the post of congressman and instead replaced Blonniard as director of the Sèvres ceramics factory. She could not forget his confession that he suddenly became mentally ill. Julian Oufrard is also a golden bachelor in the eyes of many people. He has not been married yet. He has several nephews who help him run the winery. I am a professor and a factory manager in Paris.

   Georgiana could smell a wild beast on him, and she didn't think she could get married three times.

The Cistercians are also known as the monks in white. After they reclaimed the vineyards, they stopped planting them. Many poor peasants came to the monastery as "lay disciples". They didn't need to shave their heads like the formal monks. Can only wear brown robes, they can be seen in many medieval movies.

These people are different from hired peasants. The hired temporary laborers have money at their own disposal. These lay disciples eat in the cafeteria just like the monks in white clothes, because in order to avoid repeating the Benedictine order, they eat poorly, but the white clothes The monks could drink good wine, in their internal parlance, "drink less, but better", and to cater to their discerning taste buds, the wines got better and better.

  The monks in white also have the privilege of being able to read, while the lay disciples have no chance of being educated, so their "hobby" is to steal wine.

This situation continued until the 16th century. The Duchy of Burgundy was first divided between Habsburgs and the Kingdom of France. In 1516, King Francois I of France signed the Treaty of Bologna with the Pope, which stipulated that the king had the right to appoint church officials. The clergy has the right to tax the priesthood, and ordered the provinces of the country to use French and not to use Latin, which is commonly used by the church. Then the Cistercian society ushered in a reform, and it was also from that time that the Cistercian order began to decline gradually. It disappeared until the French Revolution.

   Confiscated church assets, dissolved religious orders, forced monks and nuns to return to secular life, and the former white monks also wore brown robes and worked in the fields like peasants.

Gregoire was interrupted by the archbishop in the middle of his speech. Although Gregoire is a patriarch of the French Republic and a priest of the French Church, and the archbishop is the archbishop of Belgium, his clerical rank is lower than that of the archbishop. Defiance is possible, unless Archbishop Roquerolles commits an unforgivable mistake, akin to using the justice of the Inquisition to murder an innocent maid.

In the same way, if Georgiana is still a powerless woman, she will not even have the chance to get on this table, she has to be careful when she has the opportunity to speak, and not let others look down on her. If she talks like she just now, others may feel that she said She has a brain problem.

   There is also the possibility that Gregoire will replace the Archbishop of Roqueello as the new Archbishop of Mechelen. After he takes office, he can dissolve the current clergy and then implement French. This is also another content discussed at this meeting. The cathedral clergy is the Senate priest of the cathedral and assists the bishop in handling academic affairs. The archbishop of Mainz retired after being deprived of his diocesan and elector status, and worked in academic affairs. He was replaced by his assistant Dalberg, and other church territories that paid compensation to Prussia would probably advance in the same way.

  The other is the vineyard. There is a second son of the earl in Antwerp, his father is a winemaker from Germany. There are also many high-quality vineyards on the Moselle River, most of which are also dominated by the church, and some of these vineyards have been compensated to the directors of nationalized tobacco companies.

  Although it was given to them, it is also possible that due to poor management, like the banker, he finally sold the grand cru vineyard to others. There are very few people who can afford that kind of money. The salary of a university professor could not be afforded, but Julien and Gabriel Ufrard are relatives, and his vineyard is not only that one.

  If you can't give each other love, then give him power. The Paris Institute of Technology has a ceramic art school, and the manufacturing process of porcelain is strictly confidential. In particular, Chinese porcelain is a luxury like the colorless glass in Venice, but the market demand is so great that even shipping cannot meet it. Then the Dutch began to imitate blue and white porcelain, and there is a kind of porcelain called Delfleur. The imitations, because they don't know the key material in it, although they can be smooth, the whiteness is not enough, and the pattern is also drawn on the fired porcelain, which is only used by the middle class.

Until the 18th century, a German alchemist claimed to have obtained the formula for smelting porcelain. The then ruler August established a porcelain factory. In order to preserve the secret recipe, the porcelain factory was very heavily guarded, no less than the glass island in Venice. .

   Originally, she thought that the escaped Venetian glass craftsman would only be sentenced to imprisonment, but she did not expect to be directly executed.

In short, the German porcelain factory took away the market that originally belonged to Delfleur Ceramics in the Netherlands, while the formula of the Sèvres Ceramics Factory did not come from Germany. When Madame Pompadour established it, Marie Antoinette still Before marrying into France, the castle in the Vincennes Forest also served as a porcelain factory, just like the porcelain factory established in Albrechtsburg in Germany.

   In order to make higher-purity glass and searchlights for lighthouses, Fresnel did not know where to find the formula, and used the bologna stone, which also came from the alchemy laboratory.

She doesn't know much about glass, but she knows that you need to use alkali, just like the colorless glass in Venice, you need to add grass ash, as long as you have the secret recipe in your hand, Belgium can make glass of optical instrument level, and can also improve Hooke's microscope.

This will not rob the market of English glass. There are also British people who support Peruzzi Bank. In the 17th century, tens of thousands of exquisite "crystal glass" flowed into England from Venice every year. Soon, not only people hope to get these dazzling glasses glass, and even intend to imitate it.

   But it is not so easy to “invite” artisans from Venice. The earliest glass workshop outside Venice was in Antwerp, and then it spread to England and France.

  Maria Teresa gave Turner the privilege to save the declining Delft ceramics trade, and the city hall came from the establishment of a porcelain factory, let's see whose porcelain is more popular.

   "Are you right, Ms. Sever?"

  Georgianna came to her senses and found that everyone was looking at her.

   "I'm sorry, I lost my mind, what did you say just now?"

   "Are the textbooks shipped from France or printed locally? I said, printed locally, are you right?" Gregoire said.

   "Sure," said Georgiana immediately. "But the content has to be reviewed, or do you want the freedom of the press like Prussia?"

  The archbishop smiled and shook his head, as firmly as he rejected the "equality" and "freedom" of France, and then started the next topic.

   (end of this chapter)