Harry Potter’s Morning Light

Chapter 3055 adamas (8)

 Public life in Athens included citizens' assemblies, popular courts, councils of five hundred, squares and theaters, where every Athenian citizen could meet, talk, negotiate and be judged.

It is said that the Romans once sent envoys to Athens to study the Greek code of law. They not only brought back the code of law, but also brought back other things, such as drama and literature.

At that time, it was in the Hellenistic period, and many areas were affected by Greek civilization. Some people once said that as long as you learned a language, you could travel from Athens to India without any hindrance.

Pomona got up from the pool, walked along the stone steps to the edge of the pool, and then dried her hair with a towel.

　　Polyjuice potion had expired when she was in the pool just now, and she returned to her "original appearance".

She thought as she wiped her hair.

In the 12th century, there was a Roman law commentator named Bulgarus. He and three others reintroduced Roman law to medieval Europe.

Bulgarus believed that if a pack of wolves snatched away some of the sheep, a nearby farmer sent out hounds to chase the wolves and successfully rescued several of the sheep. As long as the lost thing can be recovered, it remains the property of the original owner. If not, he has lost his exclusive rights.

Like those captured animals on land and water, when they regain a state of freedom, their ownership no longer belongs to the person who captured them.

 Nor does ownership of a beast obtained by hunting with a trap come from this fact alone, and the stranger who takes the game from the trap is not guilty of theft.

One day he and his disciples drove to the outskirts of Bologna. They ran into a wild boar that fell into a trap. The disciple wanted to take the wild boar away. When he was stopped by Bulgarus, he quoted what Bulgarus said in class.

"It is true," replied Bulgarus, "that we have no fear of prosecution, but consideration of our reputation should prevent us from doing so, and I am more anxious about the scandal than the outcome of any future verdict."

Pomona put down the towel in her hand, sighed, and looked at the "lace" pajamas again.

The trap is not just a trap, but also a pit and a net. Next to the towel is the pajamas that she will wear later, which is lace made by Liz from spider silk.

She didn't think so if she didn't think about the butterfly, now she doesn't want to wear it so much.

 At night, the temperature control system in the greenhouse started to work, and the plants sprayed out fine water mist to cool down the temperature. In fact, it was not that hot anymore.

"What are you wearing if you don't wear this?" Pomona muttered, put down the towel and put on her pajamas.

She didn't know how long Snape would be pestered by Stringer, but she estimated that he would not come again unless he could not go back to the castle at night in front of Stringer, but instead go to the residence of a female teacher.

Even though Sprout was bloated and unattractive, she had many magical plants, many of them contraband, needed to make potions.

So she returned to the preparation room wearing this outfit with confidence.

 A cold shower can make people wake up, and she is not in a hurry to go to sleep immediately. She plans to find a book to read.

 Then she raised her head, looked outside, and shook her head disapprovingly.

The voices of the ghosts were too noisy. She turned on the gramophone placed in the corner of the preparation room and played the music, deliberately raising the volume to cover up their noise.

 The novel she found was written by a wizard. It was about a swamp digger who ate too much mandrake and fell in love with a girl near the swamp, so he went to say hello to her.

 “Oh, what is this?” the girl asked.

 “I am peat, my dear,” whistled the bog digger.

 “You look so ugly,” the girl said with disgust.

In order to win the girl's love, Swamp Digger asked a wizard to turn him into a human, but that was impossible. A human prince might be turned into a frog, but a frog could not be turned into a prince.

However, the wizard petrified it and made it into a handsome statue. However, it could not move and was placed by the wizard on the edge of the swamp.

 One day the girl passed by the sculpture. The statue whistled as usual. This time the girl's heart moved.

 She invited the sculpture to attend the ball with her, and it did not want it, but the wizard's magic prevented it from moving. It could only watch as the girl invited other dance partners.

This story has a common sense problem. The swamp digger is not mud, but a magical animal living in the mud. However, compared with the story written by Lockhart, this story at least has some merits.

Even magic is not omnipotent and can guarantee your success. Just like the Little Mermaid sacrificed her voice to get human legs, but in the end she didn't get it. Instead of relying on the magic of the fairy godmother like Cinderella, she won the love of the prince at the ball.

 So she threw the storybook aside and lay on the bed.

It wasn't until she fell asleep for a while that she remembered that the gramophone was not turned off, and the music didn't really cover up the ghosts' voices, but instead made it seem noisier.

She felt very upset and covered her head with a blanket, as if it would calm her down.

She heard a crisp sound, and when she woke up, she found a Roman standing in front of her. He was holding a copper scale in his hand, and a copper coin was placed on one end of the scale. The sound just now seemed to be from it. .

As for why she could immediately recognize that the other party was a Roman...it was always like that in Muggle movies, but the other party was not an ancient Roman aristocrat, but a commoner.

 While she was still confused, she was grabbed by the arm, took a few steps forward, and was "handed over" into the hands of another person.

 That man was a complete stranger to her, although he also had black hair and eyes.

Wait a moment.

  She looked around and found that there were five "witnesses" and "actors" who looked like her parents. She suddenly understood what was going on.

 Congratulations, you just got married, my dear. The Manxi Pashu ceremony was still used. The copper coin that was thrown into the copper balance just now is a sign of "changing hands".

Although Rome was far more Hellenistic than Carthage, some things from the ancient Roman royal period and even before were still preserved.

Before her future "husband" could take her hand, Pomona turned and ran, with others chasing after her, yelling at her to stop.

In fact, the Roman was pretty good-looking, but that's not the point. The Mansipasu ceremony was used in many places, and the same could be said for slave and livestock transactions. The only difference was that they were the transfer of property rights, while she was the father's and husband's rights. handover.

After the introduction of the Greek system, the Romans in the early days of the Republic would read their wills at the citizens' assembly. Only such wills would have legal effect, but in this way, private law became public law.

The Manxi Pashu ceremony can also be transferred, but only one item can be transferred at a time, such as her, the bride. There are often a lot of inheritances, so people will bring an "Appendix" during the ceremony, through which they can bequeath items and free slaves. The slave who paid the heir 10 gold coins to be freed just didn't know that this appendix existed. In the appendix In which he gained unconditional freedom.

Compared with pre-conciliation wills, Mansipashu inheritance does not require so many witnesses, and the testator does not want to appear in public as if he is dying.

However, the Mansipashu-style will at this time was still an oral will, and it did not become a formal civil law until the Twelve Tables were added. It is said that before the common people fled, they also experienced a plague, for which the nobles had to compromise.

At this time, the high priests replaced the soothsayers and became the interpreters of the law.

The Law of the Twelve Bronze Tables stipulates two ways of bequest, namely, bequest of property rights and bequest of debt. If the will says that something belongs to someone, it does not necessarily belong to him. It needs to be through the heir who inherits the bequest of debt, or through a trust. A person hands over the item to the donee. Of course, he does not give it to the donee, and the donee has nothing to do with him. Before Augustus legislated to protect the trust system, it was maintained by obligation and good faith.

 If the heir who has inherited a debt gives away everything, what can he use to repay the debt left by the testator?

Most people hope to increase their property through testamentary inheritance. If they lose money, they will not inherit it.

 Octavian was Caesar's adopted son. No one expected that Caesar would die so suddenly. Anyway, the whole of Rome was confused.

The Bronze Table Law stipulates that clansmen have legal inheritance rights. However, in the royal period, in order to avoid the situation of having no heirs, heirs were obtained through "adoption". However, adoption is a complicated process. First, the biological father of the child must give up paternity. , the child becomes an autonomous person.

 Caesar had children of his own. Although his legal wife did not bear him children, his illegitimate children did, such as the child named Caesarion born to Cleopatra.

I don’t know when, people felt that the Mansipasian style of will was also inappropriate. People wrote the will in an envelope, sealed it with sealing wax, and gave it to a just person for safekeeping. Caesar’s will was kept in the Vestal Virgins in hand.

In principle, people must ensure the validity of the Mansi Pashu ceremony. For example, the five witnesses must be adult Roman citizens, and minors cannot be counted. However, even if it is not executed, the recipient of the property rights will obtain the ownership one year later. This "inheritance statute of limitations acquisition" system appeared together with the Manxi Pashu ceremony. Even if the husband did not hold the just ceremony with his wife, the After the expiration of the term, husband's rights will also be obtained.

Octavian was fighting a rebellion in Gaul at the time. If something happened to support him, Caesar's inheritance would be inherited according to the order of heirs in the Bronze Table.

Apart from Octavian, there was originally a second heir, but he participated in the assassination of Caesar. Then came Antony, but he was not the heir, but the executor. The first thing he did was to take away all the members of Caesar's family. All the gold coins were moved to his own vault.

 When Octavian came back to hold Caesar's funeral and distribute money to the Romans according to Caesar's will, he could only see an empty treasury. Later, Octavian asked Antony for money. Antony was busy with a new military plan, and he would wait until he returned home to get the money.

The Greeks saw public donations as a way to counteract the negative reactions of wealth, while the Romans preferred the Colosseum and triumphal ceremonies. Caesar was kidnapped by pirates when he was young. The pirates offered him 30 talents. He laughed and said he would give them 50 talents. The pirates immediately treated him as a guest.

 When a person owes too much money, the creditor will be reluctant to let him die. Caesar has always been very generous. When he was a city magistrate, he spent his own money to invite the common people to participate in various entertainment activities and competitive activities.

Although there are many magnificent buildings in Rome, there is no money to buy tickets. No matter how wonderful life is, it has nothing to do with the civilians. Caesar's actions made him loved by the citizens, so when he appeared in the Colosseum wearing a purple silk robe, he faced The whole audience roared with cheers.

He was also very generous to his mistress. He not only gave her a villa, but also gave her a priceless black pearl necklace.

 Cleopatra had a meal of 10,000,000 sesterces. The most valuable thing was the pearls in her earrings, which she soaked in vinegar and drank.

In addition, there are the army bounties and the cost of the triumphal ceremony. Caesar had so many expeditions during his lifetime. Which one did he not spend money on?

Compared with these debts, the money Caesar promised to send to the Romans was not a large amount, but it was not that easy to raise.

Caesar also donated his house to be used as a public place for Roman citizens. Octavian didn't have to donate it even if he didn't want to. There was also another executor, Antony.

Even if most of Caesar's debts had been partially repaid with the spoils of Roman legions' many raids, the legacy left to Octavian would not have increased Octavian's wealth.

At that time, there was a rich man named Crassus in Rome. He was Caesar's biggest creditor. However, he had a bad reputation. He was not only engaged in the slave trade, but also illegally seized other people's property.

Once he fell in love with the villa of the Vestal Virgin, so he stalked her and pursued her, making people think that he and the Vestal had an affair.

Crasus repaid Caesar's debts, and Caesar improved Crassus' political status. By the time Octavian inherited "Caesar's legacy," he was already one of the three giants. So when Octavian asked Crassus for support, Crassus did not agree.

With the heir's debt, debt collectors can go to Octavian to pay back the money. However, Caesar did not leave Octavian with nothing, that is, a huge reputation throughout Europe, Asia and Africa.

Caesar may not have conquered as vast a land as Alexander the Great, but Rome conquered Greece, and even the goddess of love was renamed Venus.

In addition to the Mannipian wedding, there was also a cannibalistic wedding in ancient Rome. However, the person who witnessed this wedding was not the God of Love, but the goddess of grain or Jupiter. Does it seem to be saying that marriage and love must be related?

Caesar was a sacrifice to the God of Love, but Octavian rebuilt the Temple of Jupiter. Unlike Caesar and Antony, Augustus not only did not love Cleopatra, but there were few large-scale foreign wars during his tenure. , all domestic activities are for the smooth conduct of trade.

  He abolished the tax farm system and replaced it with land tax and poll tax, which required registration.

The Werewolf Registry is to facilitate the management of werewolves, but whoever registers on it will have a "criminal record". If he conceals it, he may be able to integrate into human society, just like Remus Lupin.

 Spark has not been registered. Human beings generally believe that it is a personal asset belonging to an external professor. There is no law or custom that requires professors to disclose their personal assets.

 Spark is the same as other animals living in the forest. It has only a partnership with Ruth. Ruth did not capture it and has no ownership of it. It is naturally free.

At this time, there was a huge force behind him, and Pomona felt like he was knocked down.

Before she could turn her head to see who had knocked her down, she felt her world spinning. When she got up, the blanket covering her head fell off.

 She returned to the greenhouse.

Pomona shook her head and stood up dazedly. After a while, she looked out the window. Snape was standing outside looking at her with a gloomy face.

Before she screamed, she subconsciously picked up the blanket to cover herself, although the lace pajamas covered everything.

He did not break the window, but walked towards the entrance. In panic, she wrapped herself in a blanket, picked up her wand and walked in that direction.

She wanted to keep him out, that was the only thing she could think of, not to mention she was dressed like this.

At the same time, she made up her mind that she would never wear this pajamas again, not only because of the immediate reasons, but also because of the weird dream just now, which was really a ghost.

 (End of this chapter)