Heroes of the Resistance Reborn

Li Jiansheng, who comes from a later generation, knows that in terms of modern Chinese history, there is an armed force that has to be mentioned. This relatively special armed force is basically tied to family, blood and religion. It originated in the wilderness and flourished in troubled times.

They maneuvered among various forces and once occupied all of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.

Most of them, almost controlling the entire northwest, have changed the course of Chinese history to a considerable extent. Their leaders advocate force and are bloodthirsty. War horses and sabers are their magic weapons that are always effective at home and abroad. This armed force

, is the Northwest Ma Jiajun. Later generations called it "the Northwest Ma Jiajun, the second of the top ten miscellaneous armies of the Kuomintang".

Strictly speaking, the Ma Jia warlords in the northwest did not form a unified faction, but came from the same source and were divided into several branches. People used to call them collectively the Ma Jia Army. During the Republic of China, in the Gansu, Ningxia, and Qinghai regions in northwest my country, There are several powerful Hui army armed forces. Since their leaders are all named Ma from the Hui ethnic group in Hezhou, Gansu (now Linxia City, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province), they are called "Ma Jiajun". Ma Jiajun

Originally a family armed force, they participated in the disputes in China's political arena at that time. They successively attached themselves to the Qing government, Beiyang warlords, Feng Yuxiang, Chiang Kai-shek, etc., and ruled the northwest region for decades, producing a group of prominent warlords surnamed Ma, among whom Ma was the most prominent warlord.

The Four Horses in the Northwest are the most famous. The Four Horses are divided into Qingma and Ningma. The Ma Bufang brothers occupy Qinghai, which is called Qingma; and the Ma Hongkui brothers occupy Ningxia, which is called Ningma.

To talk about the Ma family warlords, we should go back to the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. In the second year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1863, Ma Zhan'ao, an imam from Hezhou (now Linxia County) in Gansu Province, joined Ma Wuzhen and other Hui leaders to stage an anti-Qing Hezhou riot and broke through.

river

Prefecture, its power expanded rapidly in Gansu. Ma Haiyan, a native of Baizang Township, Hezhou, also participated in the riot. Ma Haiyan was poor in his early years and relied on "packing feet" (animal transportation) between Hezhou and Lanzhou to make a living.

You. After participating in the Hezhou Uprising

, Ma Haiyan fought bravely and soon became Ma Zhan'ao's right-hand man. In 1872, Zuo Zongtang led the Hunan army into Gansu to suppress. In the Battle of Taizi Temple, Ma Zhan'ao first lured the enemy deep, and then used the "black tiger to dig out the heart" tactic to defeat him in one fell swoop.

There were thirty battalions of the Qing army. After the Battle of Taizisi, when the rebels demanded to take advantage of the victory to capture the Qing army commander Zuo Zongtang’s camp in Anding (today’s Dingxi County), Ma Zhanao advocated surrendering to the Qing army, saying: “We have beaten

It is better to win than to surrender after being defeated

Much more." Ma Haiyan also strongly praised his proposal, but many people in the uprising expressed opposition. At this time, a man in his forties, Ma Qianling, from Yangwashan Village in Hanjiaji, Hezhou, came out to speak and supported Ma Zhan'ao's surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Ma Zhan'ao was

Ma Qianling's colleague

When he saw the support of Ma Haiyan and Ma Qianling, Zuo Zongtang decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty and be cared for. As a result, Zuo Zongtang reorganized the Ma Zhan'ao tribe into the Three Banners of the Cavalry and appointed Ma Zhan'ao as the supervisor of the Three Banners. Ma Zhan'ao's son Ma Anliang (originally named Ma Qi)

Five, Zuo Zong

Tang gave him the name "Anliang") as the chief flag officer of the Zhongqi Banner, and Ma Haiyan was the deputy flag officer of the Zhongqi Banner. In addition, the Qing court also awarded Ma Anliang and Ma Haiyan the seventh rank of military merit. Ma Qianling was praised by Zuo Zongtang for his meritorious service in persuading surrender.

"Good return" was also highly rewarded.

In this way, Ma Zhan'ao, Ma Haiyan, Ma Qianling and others exchanged the blood of the rebellious people for themselves "Red Tops" and rewards from the Qing court. From then on, they became the eagle dogs of the Qing court. This is how the descendants of the "Three Horses of Hezhou" were able to make a fortune.

reason.

After Ma Zhan'ao surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he died in 1886 more than ten years later, and his position was succeeded by his son Ma Anliang. Ma Haiyan had two sons: one Ma Qi and one Ma Lin. Later, the cavalry teams of Ma Anliang and Ma Haiyan merged

Entered Dong Fuxiang's Gan army.

As for Ma Qianling, he also had two outstanding sons: the second son Ma Fulu and the fourth son Ma Fuxiang. In 1895, the Hui and Salar people in the Hehuang area (now Linxia, ​​Gansu and the Yellow River and Huangshui Basin in eastern Qinghai) launched an uprising against the Qing Dynasty again.

Ma Haiyan and his son participated in the suppression with the Qing army. Ma Qianling and his son also organized a militia group "An Ning Army" in their hometown to fight against the rebels.

After Ma Qianling fled the Tibetan area, his sons Ma Fulu and Ma Fuxiang led the Anning army to Lanzhou. They were incorporated into two battalions of infantry and cavalry by Tao Mo, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and joined the Qing army attacking Hezhou. Soon, they also

It was included in Dong Fuxiang's Gan Army. In 1897, the Qing government reorganized the army and organized an elite army, divided into five armies: center, front, left, right and rear, composed of Ronglu, Nie Shicheng, Ma Yukun, Yuan Shikai,

Dong Fuxiang led the five men respectively. In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Tianjin and Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu fled Beijing. Ma Haiyan and his son, Ma Anliang, Ma Fuxiang and others led the crowd to escort them. Under the protection of Ma Anliang, Ma Qi, Ma Fuxiang and others, Cixi and

Guangxu finally escaped safely to Xi'an. Due to their merits in escorting him, several members of the Ma family were promoted. In 1912, the Qing emperor abdicated and the Republic of China was established.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this elite Western Army also became divided. Ma Anliang and his son, as well as Ma Qi and Ma Lin brothers, all turned to the Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai. Ma Anliang became the admiral of Gansu, while Ma Qi seized the post of commander-in-chief of Xining Town. From then on,

, the Ma Qi brothers abandoned Ma Anliang, whom they had relied on for many years, and formed a new branch of their own. Ma Anliang and his son were also part of the Ma family warlords, but later this armed force withdrew from the northwest.

After Ma Qi took office as the commander-in-chief of Xining Town in August 1912, he set out to create an army completely under his own control. He also recruited Han officials and gentry intellectuals from various sources to form his own think tank and started the family separatist business. Within a few years, Ma Qi

Organized a team of thirty-six

The family armed forces of the individual battalion are known as the "Ning Haijun". The Ning Haijun is commanded by Ma Qi and his relatives Ma Lin and Ma Bao (cousin). Although his sons Ma Buqing (born in 1898) and Ma Bufang (born in 1903) are still young,

But he already served as a battalion commander in the army.

As for Ma Fuxiang, after the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, he suppressed the anti-Qing rebels in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. Later, due to the general trend, he also declared "in favor of the Republic". After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as the Ningxia Army Protector. At this time, Ma Fuxiang

His right-hand man is his nephew Ma Hongbin and his son Ma Hongkui. Ma Hongbin is the son of Ma Fuxiang's brother Ma Fulu. When Ma Fulu was killed in Beijing, Ma Hongbin was only sixteen years old and was still practicing martial arts and literature in his hometown. Ma Fuxiang is better than his elder brother

Ma Fulu was twenty years younger than Ma Fulu, and he was single-handedly responsible for his career in the military and political circles. In order to repay his kindness to his late brother, he devoted himself to cultivating his nephew Ma Hongbin. Ma Hongbin was also young and mature, and was very filial to his uncle Ma Fuxiang.

And respect, Ma Fuxiang liked it even more. In 1905, Ma Fuxiang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Xining Town and established the Xining Mining Horse Team, which was led by Ma Hongbin. This small team later developed into Ma Hongbin's basic armed force.

Later, after many battles, the "Four Northwest Horses" of Ma Hongbin, Ma Hongkui, Ma Bufang, and Ma Buqing were finally formed in the northwest.

In the past few months, these four horses, especially the 35th Division under Ma Hongbin, participated in intercepting and pursuing the Red Army heading north to Shaanxi.

From the beginning, Li Jiansheng had no intention of letting these four horses continue to exist. Although these four horses later participated in the Anti-Japanese War and made certain contributions to the nation!

(This chapter is a transitional chapter, and there are many excerpts. Please forgive me.)