Heroes of the Resistance Reborn

The Anti-Japanese War broke out in July 1937. The consumption of weapons and ammunition was huge. The wealth accumulated by the National Army before the war could not support it for long. Whether it could obtain sufficient weapons and equipment became the key to determining the war situation. At that time, the National Army's weapons came from two sources: imported and

Produce it yourself. Due to the weak foundation of heavy industry, the level of the Kuomintang arsenal is relatively low. Not only can it not produce aircraft and tanks, but the production capacity of even the most basic guns and bullets cannot meet the demand. Under the conditions at that time, the import of weapons and equipment

The importance is obvious.

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Germany has been China's most important source of weapons imports, and this situation continued until 1938. Before the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese army established the "German Arms Division" by importing German weapons and equipment. The Chinese army imported the necessary weapons and equipment from Germany.

Funds mainly use tungsten ore

, tin, antimony, tung oil and other supplies. When the Anti-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, the Kuomintang increased its order for German weapons. Under strong protests from Japan, Germany announced in May 1938 that it would stop exporting weapons to China, and the last batch of weapons

Arriving in August

China. From the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War until Germany stopped supply, the weapons and equipment imported by the Chinese army from Germany included: 12 aircraft, 36 105mm howitzers, 800 mortars, 500 37mm combat anti-aircraft guns, and 13.2mm anti-aircraft machine guns.

300

, 10,000 machine guns, 5,000 rifles, 20,000 shell guns, 4,400 pistols; 6,000 150 mm artillery shells, 36,000 105 mm artillery shells, 1.9 million mortar shells, 500,000 37 mm artillery shells, and 160 million bullets

.

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War on August 21, 1937, the National Army and the Soviet Union signed a Sino-Soviet non-aggression treaty. The Soviet Union began to provide weapons and equipment to the National Army in the form of loans. The loans were repaid by China with minerals and agricultural products. The Soviet Union’s support for the National Army

The supply of weapons continued until the outbreak of the Soviet-German War. During these nearly four years, the national army imported weapons from the Soviet Union.

Weapons and equipment include: 885 aircraft, 82 tanks, 1,540 cars, 80 115mm howitzers, 160 76mm field guns, 50 76mm mountain guns, 270 anti-aircraft guns, 50 45mm combat anti-aircraft guns, 37mm anti-aircraft guns

380 anti-guns, 120 aviation machine guns, and 130 heavy machine guns

0, 5,300 light machine guns, 50,000 rifles, 3,000 submachine guns; 31,100 aerial bombs, 126,800 115 mm artillery shells, 160,000 76 mm artillery shells, 75,000 45 mm artillery shells, and 610,000 37 mm artillery shells

, 314,400 rounds of anti-aircraft artillery shells, 184 million rounds of bullets

.(The materials China paid to the Soviet Union include: 31,177 tons of tungsten ore, 13,162 tons of tin, 10,892 tons of antimony, 600 tons of zinc, 560 tons of mercury, 18 tons of bismuth, 30,293 tons of tea, 309 tons of raw silk, 2.23 million sheepskins, and 14,300 wool

tons, bristle 6340 tons, tung oil 8868 tons)

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese army also imported some weapons and equipment from other European countries (arrival volume)

Imported from the UK: 36 aircraft, 16.67 million rounds of ammunition

Imported from France: 24 aircraft

Imported from Italy: 101 armored vehicles

Imported from Belgium: 54,000 rifles and 38.67 million rounds of ammunition

Imported from the Czech Republic: 1,829 light machine guns, 5,000 rifles, and 26 million rounds of bullets

Imported from Sweden: 118 million bullets

Imported from Hungary: 15 million rounds of bullets

In the second half of 1937 after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese army received 279 aircraft and 12.05 million rounds of ammunition shipped from the United States. This batch of goods was ordered before the war. Due to the constraints of the Neutrality Act, the United States stopped its military operations against China thereafter.

Arms Exports. Revised by the United States in November 1939

The legislation allows for the export of weapons to warring countries, but they must be purchased in cash and transported by themselves. Before the Lend-Lease Act was enacted, the United States successively provided four small loans to the national army, including the tung oil loan in February 1939 (using tung oil

repayment), the tin loan in April 1940 (using tin

repayment), a tungsten loan in October 1940 (repayment with tungsten ore), a metal loan in February 1941 (repayment with tungsten ore, tin and antimony), which loans were provided for the purchase of items other than weapons and ammunition in the United States

Supplies. The national army bought back some supplies (cars, oil,

tires, automobile and aircraft parts, industrial equipment, etc.). On March 11, 1941, the United States introduced the Lend-Lease Act to provide assistance to countries in line with the interests of the United States. On May 6, 1941, the United States announced that China would be included in the aid targets. Since then, the United States

Began to formally provide military assistance to the national army.

Rough figures of weapons and equipment obtained by the Chinese army from the United States from July 1937 to August 1945: 1,394 aircraft (including aircraft of the US Air Force in China), 108 tanks, 36 armored vehicles, about 20,000 cars, 155 mm

36 howitzers, about 200 105mm howitzers, about 100 75mm field guns, about 500 75mm mountain guns, 37mm warfare

There are about 300 anti-aircraft guns, about 2,000 mortars, 1,030 rocket launchers, about 150 flamethrowers, about 6,000 grenade launchers, 1,269 14mm combat anti-aircraft guns, and about 15 heavy machine guns.

00, approximately 8,000 light machine guns, approximately 150,000 rifles, approximately 30,000 submachine guns, and approximately 3,600 pistols; approximately 2.2 million rounds of artillery shells of various types, approximately 60,000 rocket rounds, and approximately 700 million rounds of bullets.

(All the above are reproduced)