I Am the President of the University

It's not finished yet, so don't read it yet. I'll replace the scraps after 2 o'clock! I'm so sorry!

It's not finished yet, so don't read it yet. I'll replace the scraps after 2 o'clock! I'm so sorry!

…

“ # The plastic restriction order is about to be implemented, and Zhenhai Biotech, a leading domestic biotech company, has been severely punished!”

“What do you think of the reason why NatureWorks imposed sanctions on Zhenhai Biotechnology?”

"Zhenhai Biotechnology has been sanctioned. What are the technical barriers to a small lactide?"

A series of news poured out overwhelmingly on Weibo, Douyin and Zhihu.

The sun has just risen in the morning, and the topic about Zhenhai creatures instantly became popular all over the Internet.

After all, a certain mobile phone manufacturer had just been sanctioned. How long had it been?

After the sanctions on mobile phones are completed, what kind of lactide will be replaced by this?

Many Chinese people are a little confused after watching the news.

What is this lactide?

"What is lactide? This is the first time I've heard of it?" Zhang Lei asked Zheng Tianyu beside him with a confused look on his face.

Zheng Tianyu had a black line on his face, "Who are you asking me? I'm not Doraemon. You can know it on Baidu yourself."

"That's right. I thought you didn't know anything about it, Old Zheng." Zhang Lei belatedly touched the back of his head and was about to search on Baidu when he suddenly saw the next news article that introduced lactide.

Zhang Lei swiped the screen attentively, reading this popular science post by a female doctor from an institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

After reading it, Zhang Lei suddenly frowned and said angrily: "For such a thing, our country still has to rely on foreign imports. I am really angry to death!"

After reading the content clearly, Zhang Lei roughly understood the relationship between lactic acid - lactide - polylactic acid (). It was precisely because of this understanding that he felt a little arrogant.

I really don’t understand, so I don’t know that so many places in our country are being choked. This will really be troublesome once sanctions are imposed.

Zhang Lei's voice just now was a bit loud. Zheng Tianyu, who was sitting next to him, was shocked. He quickly lowered his voice and reminded Zhang Lei: "Old Zhang! What are you doing? It's so loud?!"

However, he was a little late in getting in shape.

The female teacher who was concentrating on her lecture on the stage had already noticed Zhang Lei's movements. She raised her eyebrows, glanced directly over and said loudly: "This classmate wearing a yellow T-shirt, it seems that you have something to say, then. Just stand up and say it!”

Zhang Lei stood awkwardly and said to the teacher apologetically: "Teacher... I have no objection..."

"No objection, just listen carefully and make less noise. I know you don't like this class very much, but I want to tell you..." The teacher on the stage turned on the old pedantic mode again, listening to the students below. Seeing stars.

After Zhang Lei sat down, he shrank his neck for fear of being stared at by the teacher, and then said to Zheng Tianyu next to him: "Old Zheng, look at this news."

"What are you looking at?" Zheng Tianyu was a little confused, but he still took it and took a look.

Seeing this, Zheng Tianyu frowned and said displeasedly: "This old beauty is really a troublemaker. She wants to get involved in everything."

Zhang Lei nodded after hearing Zheng Tianyu's words, then looked over and asked, "Then you said Zhenhai Biotechnology's stock will plummet after the A-share market opens?"

"Big drop? Do you still need to think about it? For sure!" Zheng Tianyu said with great certainty.

As a leader in the polylactic acid industry, even if the supply of its own raw materials has been cut off, how can it still produce?

It's not 9:30 yet. When the time comes, it will probably be a bloodbath when the market opens.

"That Zhenhai creature is too miserable." Zhang Lei was somewhat sympathetic. After all, one is a domestic company and the other is a foreign company. There is no need to say where this butt should be tilted.

Zheng Tianyu shook his head and said: "It doesn't matter that Zhenhai Creatures are sanctioned. This is not what is scary."

"What is that?" Zhang Lei asked with wide eyes.

…

"Shooting the first bird, this is a warning to the domestic polylactic acid industry..." Chen Chong said with some seriousness. \b

Fang Haosen on the side also nodded. \b

As for Chen Hao, who made a sudden visit, of course he understood this, and of course he came to the laboratory this morning for another purpose.

"Professor Fang, Director Chen, is there anything else we need help from the school in the laboratory?" Chen Hao asked in a deep voice.

When he woke up this morning, he saw the news that Zhenhai Biotechnology was sanctioned, which made him very sad!

Yesterday afternoon, I talked with Fang Haosen and Chen Chong about Zhenhai Biotechnology's intention to polymerize lactide by itself. As a result, today I saw that Zhenhai Biotechnology was sanctioned. This is to force the other party to bow their heads and admit their mistakes!

It’s so infuriating!

Fang Haosen's eyes lit up and he said directly: "I was very interested in lactide when I was at Beihang University. The technical difficulties are there but not big, but it is in the hands of the laboratory personnel. I have a few friends who are quite good. ,I think……"

………………

Peking University Yuanpei general education curriculum system

1. It has not been established since its inception. This is also an important reason why it was not envisioned when it was first launched and has not yet been realized, thus affecting the effectiveness of this experiment. The purpose of this experiment was to establish a general education system similar to the first-class liberal arts colleges in the United States, but after more than ten years of operation, this purpose has not been achieved. You can find many commentaries on Yuanpei General Education at Peking University online, with mixed reviews. But in a word, this experiment was not successful.

2. Peking University Yuanpei College focuses on general education, but its current training model does not set up its own general education courses, but adopts a platter-style general education method. Whether this method is good or not remains to be discussed, but currently domestic The educational environment makes it difficult to set up independent general education courses. This may be the "experimental failure" mentioned above.

The so-called platter-style general education means that students at Yuanpei College can take all professional courses at Peking University. Therefore, Yuanpei itself does not offer general education courses, but students can achieve general education by freely combining professional courses from different departments. The result of education. Majors will be divided into sophomore years. Students are free to choose any major within Peking University as their major direction (of course, they retain the right to change directions and take other professional courses). They can also choose Yuanpei's specialty majors: such as PPE (Politics). , Economics and Philosophy), Foreign Languages ​​and Foreign History, Paleontology, Integrated Science, etc. As the name suggests, these majors are a combination of relevant courses from various departments as your required courses.

A banner that launched undergraduate education and teaching reform in this century, Yuanpei College has been exploring a talent training model with a solid foundation and a wide range of talents for 13 years. It is one of the first colleges in China to test the waters of general education. The accidents, frustrations, embarrassments and even controversies that "Yuanpei" encountered in this talent experiment fully reflect the difficulty and pain of general knowledge.

Peking University Yuanpei is the earliest and relatively mature model in domestic general education reform. General education is now being rolled out in various universities, but the current results are not particularly good - but at least it has taken a step forward.

3. According to the talent training plan of Yuanpei College, after freshmen enroll, they can theoretically choose any course offered by the school and listen to whatever they want. The course study plan is all made by themselves; starting from the sophomore year, students can according to You are free to choose the direction of study according to your own interests, and there are no restrictions in theory.

"Spiritual freedom, academic freedom, and learning freedom." The first feeling almost all students feel after entering Yuanpei is "freedom", but then most people will start to feel "confused."

A student who enrolled in 2004 once published an article online complaining about Yuanpei's "free system." For example, the "tutoring system" that is supposed to be responsible for guiding students to choose courses and majors has limited effect. In fact, freshmen in Yuanpei Grade 04 can't even get a departmental course plan and have to go to the academic affairs department of each department. "Take a look."

Compared with these trivial matters, the freedom to choose courses becomes a bigger obstacle - you can listen to all the classes in the school, but what exactly do you listen to.

At Peking University, undergraduate course plans are mainly divided into two parts: professional courses and general elective courses. Generally speaking, professional courses are more difficult than general elective courses. According to the idea, after any Yuanpei student is in his sophomore year and chooses his own major, the courses he has taken in other departments can replace the general elective courses, and he can graduate with full credits.

For students, such regulations are tantamount to shackles in addition to "free treatment": they choose courses based on their interests. Once their test scores are not satisfactory, they will lose a certain degree of freedom when choosing a major.

Many people who have come to Yuanpei have personally experienced the process of compromising with "unfreedom." Zhang Wanting, a 2003 Yuanpei law student at Peking University, told reporters that in the first few years of Yuanpei’s implementation, performance points were not a thing that was valued. “Most students in 2002 and 03 classes chose courses based on their own interests. Difficult courses were a trend at the time. "But since then, the focus has become more and more grade-oriented.

The existence of the "grade point" standard still makes it difficult for students to choose courses.

Zhou Wenjie was admitted to Yuanpei College in 2008 and is currently the class teacher of Yuanpei College in Grade 13 at Peking University. What he observed is that there are fewer and fewer students in the college who choose courses based on their broad interests, and many freshmen have strong plans as soon as they enter the school. For example, in the first semester of their freshman year, the course selections for Grade 13 freshmen are concentrated in the fields of economics, management, mathematics, political economics and philosophy, and there are no courses with a particularly wide span of subjects.

Xu Chongren explained that the biggest difference between Yuanpei and various departments is that traditional professional departments can develop themselves without external force, while Yuanpei often needs the support of the school to continuously formulate various special programs suitable for Yuanpei. policy. "Professors need to do research and need their own graduate students, so they must rely on professional departments. Yuanpei alone cannot do it."

Zhou Wenjie said frankly that the "freedom" provided by Yuanpei College for students is still a "negative freedom" in a sense. "Students have to take risks to choose courses without fully understanding what this major is about, and they have to judge whether these courses touch on the core issues of the major." Especially for freshmen, the psychological pressure is suddenly Just came up.

Not long ago, a post on Peking University’s BBS went viral. The poster said that he applied to extend his schooling, but was rejected by the school's Academic Affairs Office, which delayed his plan to secure a postgraduate degree.

Not long ago, a post on Peking University’s BBS went viral. The poster said that he applied to extend his schooling, but was rejected by the school's Academic Affairs Office, which delayed his plan to secure a postgraduate degree.

This student is Lu Weicong, who is in Grade 10 in Yuanpei. After completing the mathematics professional course, he hopes to conduct cross-learning between mathematics and computer subjects, so he applied for an extension. According to Yuanpei’s teaching plan, students enjoy a flexible academic system and can complete undergraduate education in 3 to 6 years. However, the reason why the school's academic affairs department did not grant the extension was that the student's graduation credits had been completed.

After coordination, Lu Weicong’s application was finally approved. However, this matter still caused subsequent discussions within Yuanpei: Yuanpei has not escaped the trouble of the "dual-track system", and some of the college's teaching systems do not receive effective administrative protection at the school level.

Although the "dual-track system" has not completely disappeared over time, Xu Chongren said that Yuanpei College is a model based on the diversification of student sources that is beneficial to the improvement of undergraduate education. Yuanpei's reform targets two prominent problems in higher education: students enter professional studies too early, resulting in a narrow range of knowledge; most students blindly choose majors, resulting in gaps after learning.

"Peking University is about cultivating the same students into different people." Xu Chongren said that Yuanpei provides students with more choices. It may not be suitable for all students, but it has its necessity. "

4. Marginalization of general education courses

Whether "general knowledge" or "liberal education" literally emphasizes broad knowledge. When Chinese universities carry out general education, a common practice is to require students to take elective courses outside their major.

Peking University offers five major categories of general elective courses, covering mathematics and natural sciences, social sciences, philosophy and psychology, history, linguistics, literature and art. Students must complete at least one course in each category to graduate.

This approach is partly based on the curriculum of elite American universities, the most well-known of which is the University of Chicago's "core courses" for junior students.

This approach is partly based on the curriculum of elite American universities, the most well-known of which is the University of Chicago's "core courses" for junior students.

The core curriculum includes three major categories of subjects: humanities, mathematics and natural sciences, and social sciences. It emphasizes the Western classical humanistic tradition, classic reading, and critical writing. It has a heavy load and high standards. It is by no means something that students can just put in a little effort outside of professional courses. It is passable, so students at the University of Chicago actually start to focus all their energy on their major courses in their third year.

In comparison, a Peking University student needs to complete 140 credits to graduate, and general elective courses only account for 16 credits. The rest are required major courses, major elective courses, English courses, and political courses.

In the lower grades, students spend most of their energy on professional courses, while in the upper grades they are busy with internships, job hunting, applying for overseas graduate schools and graduation thesis. The effective teaching time of the university is actually only three years.

Peking University teachers have put considerable enthusiasm and effort into the general elective courses. The teachers who teach the general elective courses are many domestic first-class scholars in related fields. Remember the website address of this website, www. biquxu． Com for easy reading next time, or enter " " in Baidu to enter this site