I Have a Research Support System

In the afternoon, Xu Qiu started the preparatory work for writing an article on stacked devices.

Since he intends to submit for the first time to "Science", Xu Qiu needs to find a template for "Science" submissions, and at the same time understand the requirements of "Science" journals for accepting articles.

So, he directly logged on to the official website of "Science".

The speed of webpage access is very fast, it seems that this website has not been "walled".

Of course, it may also be due to logging in from the campus network.

The official website of "Science" is very simple, without any exaggerated design.

In the upper left corner is the LOGO of the publisher: "AAAS (Association for the Advancement of Science in the Beautiful Country)".

There are two rows of task bars in black and red style on the top, including search, login, news and other columns.

Below are the covers of the five cover articles of the current issue, scrolling back and forth, it looks a bit like a big push from the starting point...

The first cover is an ugly big whale.

The article is titled "A mantis-like pelagic shark in the Late Cretaceous oceans"…

So, this is probably the result of the Department of Archeology?

Sure enough, three hundred and sixty lines, the number one scholar.

The second cover is a bunch of colorful tiles.

Of course Xu Qiu knew that those were definitely not ceramic tiles, but probably made of special materials.

The title of the article is "Building Smart Cities with Smart Materials".

Xu Qiu glanced at the abstract, probably talking about a "smart city index". Several researchers established a model to evaluate the "smartness" of cities.

According to this model, the city that ranks first in the world's "Smart City Index" is the city of Singapore.

The third cover is a photo of a white, yellow-haired female researcher wearing a lab coat, next to a white, black-haired male researcher also wearing a lab coat, but the latter has been blurred.

The two seem to be looking at something, but that thing does not appear in the picture on the cover.

The cover was a bit incomprehensible, the only thing Xu Qiu noticed was that he found that the skin on the white face was very rough, not as delicate as the girls in China.

The title of the article is "In-depth Analysis of Gene Editors". Xu Qiu casually glanced at the biology-related topics, but was not interested.

The fourth cover featured an overhead shot of a coastline with a cloud of smoke, and the title of the article, "Smoke Injection into Stratosphere Explains Record-Breaking Aerosol Levels," and a shorter headline, "Smoke Alert."

This work focuses on the recent record-breaking levels of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the southern hemisphere.

This abnormal AOD has been attributed to the recent forest fires in Koala Country.

The fire occurred within the mid-latitude cyclone belt sufficiently south, that is, at a relatively low level of the tropopause, a location that allowed deep convection upwind and downwind during the fire to transport smoke into the stratosphere.

In the stratosphere, however, the smoke lives an order of magnitude longer than in the lower atmosphere.

Eventually, the monthly mean AOD values ​​in most parts of the southern hemisphere exceeded the mean by more than three standard deviations.

Every time a major event occurs in the world, a group of related researchers will go over to "spot hot spots" to explain some phenomena in a scientific way, so as to win a CNS or other big article at a relatively low cost.

Of course, this kind of "hot spots" is still worth advocating, because the work they do is really meaningful.

The fifth cover was an animal that Xu Qiu had never seen before. It had a pointed head and scales on its body, but when he saw the title of the article, he knew what an animal was.

The title of the article is "Seize the momentum of florists to protect pangolins", so the picture must be pangolins.

The content of this article is very short, less than one page. The general idea is that pangolins are well protected in China. The author of the article calls on other countries to learn from flower growers.

Xu Qiu looked at the authors of the article, one seems to be a domestic student, the second is a foreigner, the third is also a foreigner, emmm...

Listed below are all articles published in the latest issue of the journal Science, except for the five cover articles.

Xu Qiu glanced at it roughly, and there were about thirty or forty articles, covering a variety of jobs in various fields.

Among them, biomedical research is relatively more.

After browsing the homepage, Xu Qiu entered the "Author Interface" column, and found the types of manuscripts and submission requirements of the "Science" journal.

Each journal has its own unique requirements for various types of articles, and "Science" is no exception. It is written in great detail in the column "Manuscript Type".

In fact, Xu Qiu rarely read the specific requirements issued by major journals before writing an article.

As for how to write the article, he deduced it from Wei Xingsi and Chen Wanqing's word-of-mouth experience, as well as reading the literature published by other people.

This time, he was preparing to select for Science, and Xu Qiu planned to take a look at what the requirements of the journal company itself were like, and supplement his own knowledge in this area.

There are four types of manuscripts accepted by Science journals.

They are "Research Articles", "Reports", "Reviews", and "Commentary".

The first, "research article".

It requires presenting significant scientific progress, about 4500 words, about 5 pages in length, the main text includes abstract, introduction, about six tables and figures, chapters with brief subtitles and about 40 references.

Supplementary material is required to provide information on experimental methods, materials used, and other information needed to support the conclusions of the paper.

The word count and space requirements are mainly for the printed version.

Because the total number of pages of a magazine is basically determined, one issue cannot be very thick and the next issue is very thin, so if the text of the article is relatively long and does not meet the requirements of 4,500 words and 5 pages, it cannot be published in printed form. published.

But at this time, if the work is really important, you can choose to publish only electronically.

For articles published only in the electronic version, the number of words can reach 8,000 words, but it is necessary to explain to the journal editor in the Cover Letter why it is necessary to write so many words. At the same time, audio and video files can be attached to the article as auxiliary explanatory documents.

The format of this "research article" is somewhat similar to the Article format that Xu Qiu usually writes.

The second type is "report".

It requires the submission of extensive, important, and new research results, about 2500 words, about 3 pages in length, the main text includes abstract, introduction, up to four tables and about 30 references, and the requirements for supplementary materials are the same as "research" article".

The format of this "report" is somewhat similar to the communication format that Xu Qiu usually writes.

In Research Articles and Reports, Science requires that the Materials and methods sections provide sufficient detail to allow the study to be replicated.

Additionally, for papers involving a method in the life sciences, Science encourages authors to submit a detailed protocol to their partner Bio-protocol.

"Bio-Protocol" is an online journal that specializes in the selection and publication of experimental protocols and requires peer review, founded in 2011 by researchers from Stanford University.

Their purpose is to create an open access and communication platform, share high-quality experimental protocols, and make life science research more efficient and reproducible.

This is quite meaningful, but I don’t know why it is limited to life sciences.

Probably because there are more fake papers in it?

This possibility cannot be ruled out, after all, there are too many high-quality articles published every year in the field of life sciences.

If the base is relatively large, even if the probability of fraud is relatively low, the final absolute number will be relatively high.

Looking at the academic fraud incidents reported in the news, the field of life sciences is indeed a hard-hit area, and some academicians are even involved.

Having said that, why are few academicians involved in other fields?

Because there are no academicians in many fields.

The third type is "comments".

It requires a review of the latest developments with interdisciplinary significance and highlights future directions, about 6,000 words, the main text includes an abstract, an introduction outlining the main themes, a brief subtitle and a summary of important unsolved issues, about 100 references, 4- 6 charts.

All "Reviews" are now online-only, with the exception of special issue "Reviews."

That is to say, the full text of the "Review" will not be included in the paper version of the publication, but only a summary of 550-600 words, including three parts: background, progress and outlook.

Probably also because of the length of the text.

Moreover, Xu Qiu reckoned that the summary of "Science" should be exclusive to the bosses.

Anyway, he rarely hears reviews published in Science, and he has never seen reviews published in Science in the field of organic photovoltaics.

The last one is "short commentary".

Specifically, it is divided into six categories, including "Perspectives", "Books or Media Reviews", "Policy Forums", "Letters", "eLetters" ), "Technical Comments".

"Viewpoints", 1000 words plus 1 picture, need to highlight recent significant scientific progress, but should not mainly discuss the author's own work, can provide background for discoveries in a field, or explain potential interdisciplinary importance.

At the same time, it is also required that the "point of view" published should add a dimension to other people's research, not just a summary of the experiments described in other people's papers.

Also, since it is an expression of personal opinion, with very few exceptions, "Opinion" should have no more than two authors.

In other words, someone else posted some articles like CNS, and I came to comment and express my views on these works.

Of course, not all cats and dogs can express their opinions, and it is basically exclusive to the big bosses.

"Book or Media Review," up to 800 words, on the subject of new books, films, exhibitions, performances, mobile applications, blogs, and other media that may be of broad interest to readers.

Authors are also asked to contact the editor before submitting a "Book or Media Review" to explain "why you think this work will be of interest to a scientific readership and why you would do well to write a review."

It seems that there is a bit of a film review in it, and Xu Qiu guesses that it is also exclusive to the boss.

However, "Science" journal would actually accept this type of submission, which Xu Qiu had never thought of before.

"Policy Discussion", 1000-2000 words, 1-2 pictures, up to 15 references, asking to introduce issues with policy implications at the intersection of science and society.

"Letters", up to 300 words, discussing articles published in Science journals or issues of general interest in the past 3 months.

"e-Letter", the electronic version of a "Letter".

"Technical Review", maximum 1000 words, 2 figures or tables, 15 references, no supplementary material, published electronically only, review of core conclusions and/or research methods published in Science journals within the previous 3 months Comment.

Generally speaking, articles of the "short commentary" category have one thing in common, that is, they are short.

In the field of organic photovoltaics that Xu Qiu saw before, most of the articles published in "Science" came from "short reviews".

Although this type of article can be considered as a "Science" article, compared with the first type of "research article" and the second type of "report" format, the gold content is much worse.

Therefore, generally, researchers who go out to promote their research groups to publish "Science" articles will be defaulted to be the first type of "research article" or the second type of "report".

However, having said that, most of the people who can post "short comments" are big bosses, and many of them have published CNS themselves.

Perhaps "Science" provides the category of "short reviews" in order to allow the bigwigs to pour more water on it.

The "watering" here is just an image metaphor, which is more neutral, and it is different from the kind of watering in the third and fourth areas of SCI.

The "short comment" itself is a bit like a forum. Big guys post comments on it, just like flooding the forum.

After understanding the four submission formats, Xu Qiu didn't struggle for too long, and directly chose the "report" format, which is about 2,500 words and about 3 pages in length.

Because the stacked device he made has directly pushed the efficiency of the organic photovoltaic field to more than 15%, close to the level of 16%, which is a very major breakthrough.

There is no need for him to do the work too carefully, mainly to have an effect similar to throwing bricks and attracting jade, attracting the attention of other scientific researchers.

It would be even better if some research groups with vacillating research directions can be attracted to embrace organic photovoltaics.

After all, no matter how capable Xu Qiu is, it is impossible for him to do all the work in the field of organic photovoltaics, and it still depends on other workers to do it together.

The more people who enter the industry, the faster the field will develop.

Just like when choosing the top battery material of the stacked device this time, the materials of my own research group were not enough, so I needed to find some foreign aid materials.

After deciding on the format of the article, Xu Qiu originally planned to download several "Science" papers in the latest "report" format as templates.

It turns out that it cannot be downloaded, and only basic information such as the title, author, and abstract can be previewed. If you want to read the full text or download the full text PDF of the document, you need to pay.

Only then did he realize that the school did not purchase the electronic version of "Science".

However, many journals charge for electronic editions for a limited period.

That is to say, after a certain period of time after the article is published, it will be automatically converted into an open source article. Some of this period may be one year, and some may be two years.

Therefore, Xu Qiu searched for previous "Science" papers, downloaded a few papers in the "report" format that had been open source, and began to make templates for comparison.

It is roughly the same format as the previous journals of ACS, RSC, and Wiley. The main changes are some details:

For example, the labeling of references in the text is not a common superscript, but a normal font size directly following the sentence, and the common square brackets [] are not used, but parentheses ();

The citation format of the reference itself is also different from other journals. The year needs to be placed in parentheses and placed after the page number.

After spending about an hour, Xu Qiu finally completed the preparations before writing the article.

Next, it is to construct the general framework of the "Science" paper.

...

...

...

three days later.

On Wednesday afternoon, Xu Qiu completed the outline of the paper in Science.

In the text, he planned a total of three pictures.

The subject of the first picture is "Semi-empirical analysis of the theoretical efficiency of two-terminal tandem organic solar cell devices based on AM1.5G standard lighting conditions".

This picture belongs to the more conventional picture in the stacked device article, and it is rare in the article of ordinary single-junction devices.

Specifically, it is subdivided into four small pictures A, B, C, and D.

Among them, Figure A is the core.

Xu Qiu constructed a three-dimensional coordinate system, and the three xyz coordinates are:

x, external quantum efficiency EQE, from 65% to 85%;

y, the light absorption edge λonset of the top cell, approximates the maximum value of the light wavelength that the top cell material can absorb, from 900 to 1200 nm;

z, the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency PCE of the device, ranging from 12% to 30%.

In addition, there is a fourth variable, that is, the energy loss Eloss of each sub-battery, which is divided into five grades of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 electron volts.

Meanwhile, it is assumed that the fill factor FF is constant at 0.75.

After calculation, the surface image of the photoelectric conversion efficiency changing with the external quantum efficiency and the light absorption edge of the top cell is obtained under different sub-cell energy losses.

Because there are five levels of energy loss, there are five curved surfaces in the corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system.

Xu Qiu also dyed the five curved surfaces in order to express intuitively. From blue to red, it means that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is gradually increasing.

This picture looks high-end, but the calculation process behind it is not complicated.

The light absorption edge of the top cell can be converted to the bandgap width of the active layer material through the formula, and the bandgap width is subtracted from the assumed energy loss to obtain the open circuit voltage.

The band gap is known, the external quantum efficiency is known, and the short-circuit current density can be obtained through integral calculation.

Finally, the fill factor is given as 0.75.

When the three are multiplied together, the final photoelectric conversion efficiency is obtained.

The results predicted by theory are quite good.

Under the conditions that the light absorption edge is 1100 nanometers, the external quantum efficiency is 75%, the fill factor is 0.75, and the energy loss is 0.6 electron volts, the efficiency of organic photovoltaic stacked devices can reach 20%!

20%!

However, the ideal is full and the reality is a bit short.

The reality is that each value is about 5% worse than ideal.

For example, the light absorption edge is actually only 1000 nanometers, the external quantum efficiency is only 70%, the fill factor is only 0.70, and the energy loss is 0.65 electron volts.

As a result, the result in reality is almost 20%*0.95*0.95*0.95*0.95=16.3%.

And now it is still not 16.3%.

However, through the efforts of Xu Qiu's team, it is already very close to this value.

The remaining three pictures B, C, and D are to transform the three-dimensional picture A under the three-dimensional coordinate system into a plan view under the two-dimensional coordinates.

That is, the external quantum efficiency, the light absorption edge of the top cell, and the energy loss of each sub-cell are respectively fixed, one of the three variables, and the two-dimensional map of the photoelectric conversion efficiency changing with the other two variables is investigated.

Among them, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also represented by the previous blue and red colors, and the iso-efficiency line is drawn.

It is worth noting that in these semi-empirical analysis pictures, Xu Qiu kept the fill factor constant at 0.75.

On the one hand, it is because the fill factor is relatively special.

Although it is a variable, there are many factors that affect it, and it is not well optimized and defined. Unlike short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage, it can be considered to be directly related to the band gap of the material.

Theoretically speaking, the fill factor is mainly affected by the solar cell device itself. The larger the series resistance of the final device and the smaller the parallel resistance, the smaller the fill factor.

But in fact, whether it is series resistance or parallel resistance, they are all tested after coating. How to change these two values ​​​​at will before coating is relatively difficult.

In other words, the optimization of device fill factor is almost purely result-oriented.

Systems with relatively small fill factors, optoelectronic materials and processing techniques used will be automatically eliminated during the development process, or automatically turned into unpopular fields.

For example, the N2200 system of all-polymer organic photovoltaics usually has a relatively low fill factor, even only about 0.5 or 0.6, and there are very few researchers in this field.

On the other hand, it is also because there can only be three independent variables in a three-dimensional map. If a filling factor is added as a variable, a four-dimensional coordinate system is required.

Even if Xu Qiu wanted to draw a four-dimensional coordinate system, he couldn't draw it.

Moreover, although it is said that there are three independent variables and one dependent variable, it is actually limited.

One of the independent variables "energy loss per sub-cell" does not change continuously, but changes in 0.1 eV intervals.

If this variable also varies continuously, then what you end up with is a continuous surface.

Click to form a line, line to form a surface, surface to form a body.

A continuously changing curved surface is equivalent to a three-dimensional structure.

At this time, the variable "energy loss of each sub-cell" will replace the photoelectric conversion efficiency as the new z coordinate.

The original z-coordinate efficiency will be "collapsed" into a color, or an intensity value, so as to obtain a true three-dimensional map.

In the two-dimensional space of paper, it is impossible to express the three-dimensional map of "true three-dimensional map".

This is also the reason for the discontinuous change of "energy loss of each sub-battery" before.

Second image, characterization of single-junction devices.

This article is not much different from the usual articles. It is relatively conventional. Xu Qiu tentatively plans to make four pictures:

Molecular structure of active layer materials of top cell and bottom cell;

The light absorption spectrum of the active layer of the top cell and the bottom cell;

J-V curves of single-junction top cell and bottom cell devices;

EQE curves of single-junction top-cell and bottom-cell devices.

The third picture, the characterization of stacked devices.

Some are similar to the second picture, Xu Qiu tentatively plans to make six pictures:

Schematic diagram of the structure of the laminated device;

Energy level structure diagram, including electrode work function, active layer and transport layer HOMO/LUMO energy level;

The two-dimensional map of stacked device efficiency changing with the thickness of the top cell and bottom cell, similar to the B, C, and D maps of the first picture, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is represented by color, and the iso-efficiency line is marked;

The J-V characteristic curve of the best stacked device;

The EQE curve of the best laminated device, including the individual EQE curves of the two batteries and the overall EQE curve, and a simple analysis of the current loss distribution;

J-V characteristic curves of the optimal stacked devices under different light intensities.

The three pictures, Xu Qiu, have all been drawn.

Among them, the first picture is universal, and the second and third pictures are the first version drawn by Xu Qiu according to the existing system. If the system is updated later, just replace it directly.

Usually, when posting other articles, you also need to make up stories and tell about your mental journey.

Now Xu Qiu is going to select for this "Science", but he doesn't need those things, he can simply tell the results.

After all, it is supported by the biggest bright spot of device efficiency.

However, the current stacked device efficiency is only 15%, and Xu Qiu feels that this result is not shocking enough.

If it can reach 16% or 17%, it will be relatively stable.

If you can get 20%...

It is probably possible to split the work into two, one for "Nature" and one for "Science", without worrying about whether to submit to "Nature" or "Science" first, and send one on each side.

Of course, the value of 20% can only be manipulated now, and it will not be possible to achieve it for a while.

When drawing the first "semi-empirical analysis" picture, Xu Qiu also had another idea:

The reason why Y series materials are not suitable for stacked devices is mainly because there is no matching top cell material, that is, organic photovoltaic materials whose light absorption edge can reach 1100 or even 1200 nanometers.

If a system that adapts to it can be developed in the future, it may really produce miracles, and it may even increase the device efficiency to 20%.

At that time, the main problem to be solved may be "how to reduce the energy loss of ultra-narrow bandgap organic photovoltaic materials".

However, that is something to come later. The potential of the Y-series binary single-knot system has not been fully tapped yet.

Recently, because the computing power allocated to the Y-series receptors is relatively small, there have been no outstanding results. The highest efficiency of the Y-series receptor system is still stuck at 14.8%.

After the big frame of the "Science" article was completed, Xu Qiu didn't rush to write the main text, because he planned to submit a "report" type job, which only had 2,500 words.

For Xu Qiu at the current stage, writing this kind of short essay is a matter of minutes. If you are in a hurry, you can finish it in less than a week.

In addition, it is also because of the "Inorganic Functional Materials" course this Thursday that he needs to spend some time preparing for the final PPT report.

Although Xu Qiu didn't plan to devote too much energy to the course, he couldn't completely ignore it. If possible, who wouldn't want to get all A's?

The teacher of the "Inorganic Functional Materials" course is named Yu Bing, professor, "Jie Qing".

His research group is mainly related to hydrogen storage materials. There are three or four postdoctoral fellows in the group, so there are still a lot of scientific research results. On average, one article of AM and JACS grades can be published every year, and there are miscellaneous articles in the first and second districts. Not less.

In terms of academic achievements alone, Yu Bing's research group is estimated to rank among the top five in the Department of Materials Science and Technology.

As for which research group is currently ranked number one? Naturally it was Wei Xingsi's group.

Although Yu Bing has done a good job in academic work, his reputation in the department is not very good.

On the one hand, it is more PUSH, which is easier to understand, and more than 90% of the atmosphere in research groups that can produce a large number of scientific research results is biased towards PUSH, just like the current prosperity in China. In fact, to some extent, it also relies on It will be supported by the high-strength 996 of the next generation.

On the other hand, Yu Bing is also relatively "stingy". Their laboratory consumables, such as disposable gloves, will be required to be reused for a week, and the monthly payment to students is not much. As for the money, master students are only given 600 yuan for each group.

When Xu Qiu was still a rookie in scientific research, he was confused: why would the tutor not give money to the students? How do you send hundreds of dollars to students a month? Did the mentor steal the money?

Later, with an in-depth understanding of the scientific research circle, Xu Qiu knew that there was indeed a phenomenon of some tutors eating money, but the deeper and more common reason was that the tutors did not have funds.

Wei Xingsi's research group, that is, Qingqian just returned to China and got the top-level start-up fund of almost 300W. He is relatively rich, and the group's previous expenses have always been relatively lavish. Now four or five years have passed, and this batch of funds is basically used up. .

If the new outstanding youth fund or key projects cannot be applied for, the remuneration will also shrink and the materials cannot be purchased casually.

Including not long ago Wei Xingsi just lowered the reward for posting articles, which is due to the lack of funds in the group.

In the scientific research circle, as long as it is not the top research group, that is, the research group that randomly applies for key projects and major projects, most research groups are short of money.

It is not bad to have 800,000 funds in four years.

The 300W key projects, on the one hand, are not available in all fields, and on the other hand, not everyone can apply. Generally, there are only about two places, and researchers in all related fields across the country must compete together.

Among the competitors, there are many "Yangtze River", "Jieqing", and even academicians.

For example, this time the organic photovoltaic non-fullerene-related key project, the competition pressure is very high, Wei Xingsi is also afraid that he is not enough, so he called Gong Yuanjiang together, trying to share 300W together.

As for major projects with tens of millions of funds, ordinary researchers don't have to think about it, it is impossible to get it.

In fact, not only is the salary low for students, the salary for ordinary green pepper scholars is also not high.

If you work in a first-tier city like Shanghai, ordinary green pepper scholars will basically work hard for a lifetime and may not be able to buy a house.

Even if the school has allocated houses, most of them have restrictions, such as transaction restrictions that cannot be bought and sold at will, property rights do not belong to themselves, or policies such as "people take the house and collect it".

Perhaps the problem of remuneration is also one of the reasons why it is difficult for the domestic scientific research circle to produce results at the Nobel Prize level, and it is difficult to retain high-end scientific research talents.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, the inner force of individual growth and development is motivation.

Motivation is composed of a variety of needs of different natures, among which there is a sequence and a high or low level; the needs and satisfaction of each level will determine the state or degree of individual personality development.

Maslow divided human needs from low to high into physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Scientific research belongs to the fifth highest level of self-realization needs, while property-related needs such as houses belong to the second level of security needs.

It is difficult to meet the security needs of the second level, so if we go after the needs of the fifth level, the motivation will obviously be greatly reduced.

This is why it is said that "doing scientific research is more suitable for rich families".

Now that we are facing such a problem, if the country generally improves the treatment of scientific researchers in order to allow them to conduct scientific research with peace of mind, can it be improved?

Xu Qiu reckoned that it would be difficult to achieve the same.

Many domestic systems or route choices are actually "taking history as a mirror."

For example, our country has the world's largest anti-drug efforts because of that humiliating history.

This improvement in the treatment of scientific researchers is somewhat similar to the "high salary to support honesty" in the Song Dynasty in history.

At that time, the Song Dynasty implemented this system, but in the end it turned into "high salary to raise corruption", which greatly increased the loss within the country, and eventually became a major cause of the decline of the Song Dynasty.

Therefore, the remuneration for jobs that are part of the domestic system is destined not to be very high, because I am afraid that a similar situation will occur, and the money will be spent, but there will be no effect, and it will also cause a huge loss of resources.

However, although the road to scientific research is very difficult, someone still needs to do it.

Otherwise, how to achieve scientific and technological progress, how to achieve the great rejuvenation?

Just like A-shares with 3,000 points in ten thousand years, there are always patriots who will take over the market for the country.

Therefore, colleges and universities like Shanghai University will tend to keep undergraduates in science and engineering and continue to do scientific research in the school.

But there will be a problem, that is, the school has forced many students who are not suitable for scientific research into the scientific research industry.

This is also one of the causes of all kinds of chaos in the scientific research circle.

For many college students, especially those who have come from small cities or rural areas, they have no career planning and only have a vague concept of employment.

Because the school will not teach the course of employment, basically it can only be cultivated through self-study and family education, but it is not so easy to learn and understand this knowledge spontaneously.

These ignorant junior and senior students are like a blank sheet of paper. When they are faced with graduation choices, if they are fooled by the teachers they trust in the school, they may not be sure whether they are suitable for scientific research. When it's time, I'll be on board the thief's ship.

Once the graduate school is guaranteed, the school immediately blocks the students' retreat.

For example, transcripts cannot be printed (to prevent students from going abroad), and tripartite agreements cannot be printed (to prevent students from being employed).

At the same time, during the postgraduate period, the tutor was also given a very large authority (to prevent students from paddling).

In fact, Xu Qiu feels that the school is obliged to let students who are considering the postgraduate study understand the specific situation of scientific research in advance, and then let the students make a choice.

The method is not difficult, just set up a compulsory course similar to "Into Scientific Research".

But the status quo is that most schools will not tell the students about this situation, they will only let the students judge by themselves.

Obviously, everyone knows that once this matter is announced openly and openly, the research retention rate of Shanghai Comprehensive University will be greatly reduced, which is not conducive to the influx of high-quality students into the "Qingshui Yamen" of scientific research.

It can be said that the school is making a bad news, taking advantage of the information asymmetry between the students and the school.

Because as individual natural persons, they naturally have the attribute of "self-interest". Once they know that choosing employment instead of scientific research can bring them more benefits, they will tend to choose employment.

But the country needs to think from the perspective of the entire civilization, and let some people make choices that are not "self-interested".

In other words, many times someone has to make a sacrifice, but once the matter is explained clearly, no one is willing to make the sacrifice.

Xu Qiu found that when one has a deep understanding of an industry, sometimes one is really pessimistic.

A lot of problems are there, shining brightly, but they just can't be solved.

This may be why some people say that "all walks of life are like a besieged city, people inside want to go out, and people outside want to come in".

Although there is a high probability that these pessimistic things will not happen to him because he has a system, but seeing some students in the quagmire, such as failing to graduate from the fifth year of Ph.D., is still quite tangled.

Including roommate Sun Yifan, they have already found their way out through live broadcast.

Not only that, Xu Qiu also heard from Sun Yifan a few days ago that he felt that he was not suitable for scientific research, and he wanted to talk to his supervisor and change his status as a direct doctoral student to a master of science or professional master, but he hadn't summoned up the courage yet. go talk.

Xu Qiu didn't know how to respond to him.

Of course, everything has its pros and cons.

Although the road of scientific research is difficult, it is at least a road leading to the sky, with a complete advanced sequence.

Moreover, for people with self-realization needs, scientific research is a very good choice, and they can constantly explore the boundaries of nature and the boundaries of self.

In the class of "Inorganic Functional Materials", students made PPT reports one after another.

The final grade for this course will be determined jointly by the student and the teacher.

Each student in the class will get a scoring sheet, and then score according to the performance of each reported student.

Finally, the teacher collects everyone's scoring sheets, deducts a minimum score and a maximum score, and takes the average, which accounts for 50% of the total score.

The other 50% of the score is given by the teacher Yu Bing.

This kind of assessment system is relatively fair, because most of the postgraduate students have no intersection.

Without any stake, you can give a relatively pertinent evaluation.

Just like Xu Qiu, he couldn't even pronounce the names of half of the new students in the class.

He may not even be able to call out the names of some students who came to graduate school together, majoring in materials physics or electronic science and technology.

However, the other colleagues basically knew Xu Qiu. After all, Xu Qiu was well-known in the department.

Even when Xu Qiu walks in Caiyi's corridor, there will always be classmates he doesn't know who will nod to him.

Others take the initiative to say hello, but also can not ignore.

Therefore, every time Xu Qiu pretended to know each other, and responded with a smile, nodding his head as a signal, but muttering in his heart: "Who is this guy? I seem to have met him several times."

PS: 4D update, ask for a monthly pass, the goal is 1000 monthly pass, now there are more than 200 short...