I made science magic

Chapter 524 Atomic clock redefines the passage of time

Author: pure little angel

Chapter 524 Atomic Clock - Redefining the Passage of Time

What is the time?

In scientific terms, it is a parameter used by humans to describe the process of material movement or the occurrence of events!

In order to more accurately understand the time represented by the day, various timers have emerged. The basic principle is to calculate the average time consumed by something during its operation.

For example, the time it takes for a drop of water to fall, a handful of sand to flow out, and a candle to burn out is used to divide seconds, minutes, and hours. However, this division is obviously not accurate enough, because the time for each drop of water to fall cannot be completely equal.

There will inevitably be considerable errors.

The pendulum clock invented by Sean is undoubtedly more advanced, because according to the law of a simple pendulum, with the help of gravitational potential energy, the time it takes for each swing of the pendulum is exactly the same, and its energy consumption is very small, and only one spring is needed.

It can run for a long time.

So we only need to find something that is also isochronous but more accurate, and we can create an efficient timer that is different from a pendulum clock.

While listening to Linn's words, Sean frowned. This is simple to say, but it is not that easy to find a suitable isochronic law.

"I can tell you two things that have isochronic laws. All you have to do is think about how to make them into timers." Linn said with a smile.

Sean paused for a moment and looked at Linn in surprise. He did not expect that the Speaker had actually found other isochronic laws, and there were two types of them.

"First, it is a kind of quartz crystal, which is composed of silicon dioxide. It has an interesting characteristic, that is, it will generate electric current on the surface when it is pressed by external force.

If positive and negative currents are introduced on both sides of a quartz crystal, the crystal will deform and oscillate at a specific frequency..."

Lin En briefly explained to Sean the operating principle of a quartz clock. To put it simply, it uses the characteristic of quartz crystals that will continue to oscillate after an alternating current is applied to record time.

Because the vibration frequency of quartz crystal is very stable, normally engineers will make this thing into a tuning fork by cutting the quartz crystal and controlling the current, which oscillates at a frequency of 32768 Hz per second.

If each vibration is used as the benchmark, then a quartz clock made using this principle can divide time into 32,786/10ths of a second.

Of course, the upper limit of the amplitude and frequency of quartz crystal is far more than that, and it is not impossible to have enough technology to reach the level of 100,000 or even millions per second.

After Lynn explained the principle of crystal vibration, Sean immediately became excited. After making a pendulum clock, he naturally realized the important role of this thing in timekeeping.

Especially in terms of accuracy, it simply beats the pendulum clock.

You can expect that your invention will be eliminated before it is implemented.

Sure enough, the knowledge and knowledge of a legendary speaker were not comparable to that of a formal wizard like myself.

The eager and excited expression on Sean's face quickly turned into a look of helplessness, and he said with a wry smile. "Since you already have ideas and plans, why not just make this quartz clock."

Lin En has found the most important law of crystal oscillator isochronism, and there is only one problem left, which is how to record every vibration of the crystal.

He didn't think this problem could be difficult for Linn, a magic star.

Because of this answer, even I can think of it. Since quartz can carry electricity, then just work on electromagnetic signals!

"I have always believed that professional things need to be completed by professional people." Lin En said with a smile.

A few minutes ago, Sean would have been happy to accept the praise of the magic star, but now he was a little bit dumbfounded, because Lin En had just explained the principles of the quartz clock very clearly, and he was so professional that he was embarrassed.

Then there is only one answer left. The Speaker couldn't spare much time to mess around with these gadgets, so he let himself do it.

Thinking of this, Sean didn't know how to express himself for a moment. If he could complete the production of this quartz clock, he would undoubtedly be able to receive another Morning Star Medal.

This is another timekeeping innovation compared to the pendulum clock, allowing wizards to accurately identify very small time scales.

However, even with such honor, the other party threw it to him without caring.

It took Sean a while to adjust, and he nodded in agreement with the magic star's request. After all, this was a good thing.

The most important thing is that if the quartz clock was manufactured and invented by someone else, then the Morning Star Medal you received for making the pendulum clock would most likely be questioned.

After all, his pendulum clock looks like a clumsy toy in comparison...

"By the way, you just said that besides quartz crystal, there is another kind of isochronic law?" Sean asked with great curiosity.

"You should have read the paper I published [The World of Probability - Quantum Mechanics], right?" Linn asked rhetorically.

"I have seen it, but I haven't fully understood the probability theory and duality you proposed." Sean's face showed a bit of embarrassment.

"It doesn't matter, I'm afraid no one dares to say that they can understand quantum mechanics now!" Linn said with a smile.

"Not even you?" Sean asked strangely.

Although he could not fully understand the magic star's quantum theory, he read it several times and found that the logic was very rigorous and self-contained. It was also consistent with the results of the double-slit interference experiment and could well explain various aspects of the quantum field.

A strange phenomenon.

"Of course not!" Lin En shook his head. Let alone him, even the Federation in the previous life failed to truly perfect quantum theory.

According to a friend he knows who studies phenomena in the microscopic field, the gap between the current cutting-edge quantum theory and actual observations is about a hair's length from the Earth to Uranus...

This is undoubtedly very small and does not affect the application of its results. However, since there is a gap, it means that the quantum theory has yet to be perfected, and at least there is some unknown interference term that has not been found.

"Since you have read my paper, you should know that when electrons inside an atom transition between two energy levels, they absorb or release electromagnetic waves. This is also the operating principle of laser magic."

"But the atomic clock uses another characteristic of it. When the same element transitions in a specific orbit, the oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic waves released is very stable and is a fixed value."

"For example, the frequency of electromagnetic oscillation produced by rubidium atoms can reach more than a billion times, which means that with sufficient technology, it can be divided into billionths of a second..."

Lin En was talking nonstop, and Sean, who was listening on the side, was already dizzy.

Using the vibration frequency of electromagnetic waves generated by atomic transitions to measure time?

The speaker's imagination really made him feel ashamed.

It's just a clock. Is it really necessary to build such a large array and measure it so accurately?

Perhaps seeing Sean's thoughts, Lin En explained. "For nature in the macroscopic field, there is no need to use an accuracy of one billionth of a second, but if it involves experiments and observations at the atomic level or even the quantum level,

This is very necessary.”

Considering the issue of confidentiality, Linn did not say that the new timer would be used to measure the flow of time, but only used quantum experiments as an explanation.

"I recommend three elements here - hydrogen, rubidium, and cesium. You can experiment with them one by one." Lin En suggested.

"Speaker Lynn, I can still think of a solution for the quartz vibration detection device, but I'm afraid I don't have the ability to make this atomic clock." Sean felt that the Speaker in front of him really thought too highly of himself.

He is just a little formal wizard, and the principles of atomic clocks involve laser emission, the internal structure of elements and even quantum theory. He feels confused even when he hears it, let alone how to make it.

"How do you know you can't do it if you don't try hard? You can take my handwritten note to the Magic Research Institute for help. If you have any questions that even they can't figure out, you can always come and ask me."

Lynn encouraged, and then asked Sean to get the quartz clock out first, and then slowly study the atomic clock, trying to complete it within a year!

As long as he succeeds, his name will definitely leave a mark in the history of magic, and time will be redefined because of these achievements!

Under the wonderful prospects explained by Lin En and repeated guarantees, Sean couldn't help but feel excited. Being able to get the guidance of the Speaker at any time was undoubtedly a very attractive condition. After hesitating for a while, Sean agreed.

Give it a try, but there is no guarantee that an atomic clock will be built.

After watching Sean leave, Linn couldn't help but smile on his face. In this way, a necessary matter was solved again.

The quartz clock was okay, and he could make it in a few days if he wanted to, but the craftsmanship of the atomic clock was very complicated and could not be made with the current level of craftsmanship in the Magic Kingdom.

But fortunately, they have a miracle called magic, which can make up for the lack of materials and craftsmanship. All they need is to constantly come up with ideas and conduct experiments.

This is undoubtedly a very time-consuming task.

Lin En, who became the Speaker, naturally would not do everything himself, otherwise he would be exhausted. Sean was the person he chose.

It is not difficult to discover the law of the pendulum, but according to Sean's description, he intuitively felt that the time of each pendulum swing back and forth was very close to each other during a certain replica pendulum experiment, which was not as logically expected.

It decreases linearly like that, and then verifies it experimentally.

This keen insight is the best help for invention and creation!

After Lin En sorted out his thoughts, he didn't stop for a moment and asked his attendants to inform Harrov, Aurora and Vittorio that he needed to hold an internal temporary meeting.

After several speakers arrived, Linn recounted in detail what he had learned from Bud and Crow.

"Does the time flow rate in the two worlds differ? This is a rare piece of good news!" Aurora said happily.

Before, they generally believed that the war might break out within three months, or even within a month in extreme cases. Now it seems that there will be more time than expected.

Then several people discussed how many people should be sent and which space-time gate should be entered for exploration.

This number cannot be too many or too few.

Once the number is too large, it will easily arouse the attention of the Lord of the Undead and reveal the location of the time and space gate in advance. If there are too few, the whole army will be destroyed when in danger, and there will be no one to report the news.

After discussion, they quickly decided to form a nine-member team consisting of a great wizard and eight official wizards. The location they entered also excluded the two nodes of the Holy City and the City of Fire Oil, and chose the location located in

The space-time door in the north.

There are three reasons. The first is that Bard's information shows that they are not completely ignorant of the situation in that area.

Second, the church's expeditionary force can enter in large numbers, so they should have no problem sending people in.

Third, the dangerous monsters there have been cleared by the expeditionary force, so it should be a little safer.

Overall, it is the best choice.

…

The week went by in a blink of an eye, and Sean's research and development speed was faster than Lynn expected, and it was completed in only six days.

During this period, as the Council's half-year development plan was proposed, the entire Magic Kingdom also attracted a second wave of construction boom. Roads and workshops were being built in various cities. Everyone was too busy to stop, including laborers.

The number has exceeded one million, and many wizards are complaining endlessly.

Because there is a real shortage of skilled magic workers, many wizards have to take care of multiple jobs on their own.

Lin En had no choice but to ask the council to use part of its resources on the construction of magic signal towers. As long as the magic network can be officially operated, tens of thousands more official wizards will be available in an instant.

The council's grain collection plan went very smoothly.

With the lessons learned from colleagues who went bankrupt in the last food war, even those wealthy businessmen who regard their wealth as their life do not dare to engage in the trap of selling rare goods, not to mention the fact that the parliament is very generous and pays 30% higher than the market price.

At the price, you can still make a fortune.

The thing that really gives Lin En and others a headache is the selection of personnel who will enter the space-time gate.

This group of people is called an exploration team at best, or a death squad at worst. The wizards who enter need to be prepared for unexpected situations and being unable to return. If they are discovered or captured by the Lord of the Undead, they must take the initiative to trigger

As a backup, kill everyone present on both the physical and spiritual levels to prevent the other party from getting too much information about this place.

Therefore, each candidate was required to be trustworthy, alert, decisive, and willing to sacrifice. It was not until seven days later that these nine people were selected based on the principle of presumption and voluntariness.

On the day of departure, Lin En dropped the research project in his hand and went to see a few people off in person.

(End of chapter)