I watched Er Chuang’s short video, and everything went numb!

【Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, was keenly aware of this problem of alternation between old and new forces.】

【So he felt that instead of spawning a force that he couldn't control, it would be better to directly eliminate dissidents, eliminate the forces that oppose him, and support the users' own forces.】

"That's right, Liu Xiu's way of restricting powerful people is to use one group of powerful people to attack another group of powerful people. Let there be internal friction among the powerful, while he himself enjoys the benefits of being a fisherman."

"Liu Xiu was clever, but he didn’t solve the fundamental problem."

"Reply - The failure of Du Tianling has told Liu Xiu that it is impossible to completely eliminate the powerful"

"Reply - Indeed, the strong resistance to Du Tianling was so fierce that it eventually escalated to an armed confrontation. Although the rebellion was suppressed by Liu Xiu, Du Tianling ended up being put to rest."

"Reply - He himself was elected by local powerful people, and it is impossible for him to have the will to completely eliminate powerful people. What he wants is to suppress and control, not to completely destroy."

"Liu Xiu's final solution was to go back to the old path of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and let the powerful family move away from their original place."

"Liu Xiu had his historical limitations, but relatively speaking, the emperor Liu Xiu did a very good job. Teachers spoke highly of Liu Xiu, saying that he was the most knowledgeable, the best at employing people, and the best in Chinese history. The emperor who knows how to fight"

"Reply - The teacher really evaluated Liu Xiu like this? This can be regarded as the highest praise for ancient emperors, right?"

"Reply - It is said that it was an annotation made by the teacher when reading the book"Dongguan Hanji""

"Reply - The teacher really appreciates Liu Xiu, has studied"The Benji of Guangwu" repeatedly, and recommended it to the staff."

"…………"

The plane of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty.

Liu Xiu looked at the barrage on the giant screen with surprise in his eyes.

He never thought that the later leader of the Dragon Kingdom would speak so highly of him.

Then, a bit of joy filled his heart.

He doesn't care about the approval of ordinary people.

But he would not care less about the praise from the founder of the Dragon Kingdom in later generations.

From the many previous videos, he already knew that the founding leader of the Dragon Kingdom in later generations was a great person.

The plane of Ming Taizu.

Zhu Yuanzhang opened his mouth and said to Zhu Biao:

"Liu Xiu is indeed very capable and has a strong ability to govern the country. You should also read more of"Guangwu Benji"."

Maybe it was because he unified the world in troubled times. He had a high degree of recognition for Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty. He once said in front of the officials of the Ming Dynasty:

"However, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty recruited heroes, worked hard to govern, and brought prosperity to the world. He who has the virtue of ruling the world and bringing peace to all generations is also one."

An Wanshi's merits, this evaluation is undoubtedly very high.

After hearing Zhu Yuanzhang's instructions, Zhu Biao nodded 640 times

【When Liu Xiu was around, he could still control the powerful nobles, but after Liu Xiu's death, the nobles began to grow wildly.】

【Senior officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty were treated very well, with an annual income of more than 120,000 yuan, equivalent to the harvest of 720 acres of land, and could quickly annex land.】

【Not only that, the imperial court also thoughtfully introduced the military system, which was tantamount to tacit approval of wealthy families raising private armies.】

【These reactionary measures fully echo the words of Madam University Master: The state is a tool of the ruling class.】

【After gaining an advantage in the economy, the gentry turned to politics, and Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty thoughtfully introduced the system of selling official positions.】

【If you want to be an official, just pay】

【However, the highest power was still in the hands of eunuchs and relatives.】

【Just when the powerful nobles wanted to go further, the Yellow Turban Zhangjiao Uprising swept across the country】

【The imperial court recruited a large number of powerful gentry tribes in the process of countering the rebellion. As a result, many well-known figures stood out in the process of suppressing the Yellow Turban Army, such as Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Jian, etc.】

"Isn't this right? Why is Liu Bei considered a nobleman? Didn't he come from a business background selling straw sandals and mats?"

"Liu Bei should be considered a poor man"

"Liu Bei's background is not considered a noble family, and his family has long since declined. It is more accurate to say that he came from a poor family."

"Reply - Strictly speaking, Liu Bei is really from a noble family. He is a clan member of the Han Dynasty, his ancestors have been officials for many generations, and he is a scholar under Lu Zhi's family. How can he be considered a poor family?"

"Reply - Just look at Liu Bei's social circle in his early years and you will know that they are all members of the gentry group. If he was from a poor family, who among the gentry would care about him?"

"Reply - To put it this way, he comes from a poor noble family. In fact, he is no different from a poor family."

"…………"

【Although the Yellow Turban Uprising shattered the foundation of the Han Dynasty, the separatist regimes that emerged next still had nothing to do with the common people.】

【Most of the influential figures we can name come from the local powerful group.】

【Therefore, after Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, he promulgated an official selection system called the"Nine-grade Zhongzheng System"】

【The difference between this system and the imperial examination system is that it deprives the previous state and county governors of their personnel power, and then establishes a zhongzheng officer in each state and county. After that, the zhongzheng officer is responsible for the selection of local officials.】

【But in the final analysis, the role of"Zhongzhengguan" also comes from the power of the powerful gentry.】

【This accelerated the development of powerful noble clans】

"Is Cao Pi's establishment of this system a betrayal of Cao Cao's meritocratic policy? Boss Cao promoted many non-gentry people to become officials at that time."

"reply(aead)——The idea of ​​ninth-grade Zhongzheng originated from Cao Cao's meeting. During the Jian'an period, he began to try to unify the village evaluation and dynasty official selection. Xun Yu, Cui Yan, Han Song and others all played more or less roles at that time. the role of Zhongzhengguan"

"Reply - There is a saying that Cao Pi's original intention in doing this was to return the evaluation privileges owned by local wealthy families and celebrities to the central government. At first, he wanted to use central court officials who represented the will of the court to hold this position, but in the end he failed."

"Reply - In fact, Cao Wei could still barely control it. After the Sima family usurped the throne, the expansion of the noble family began to accelerate."

"…………"

Eastern Han Dynasty plane.

Cao Cao felt lucky in his heart.

Thanks to the appearance of this high-altitude giant screen, he knew the future in advance.

Not only did the Wancheng mutiny and Cao Ang's death be avoided, but he also learned about the Gaopingling Incident in later generations, which allowed him to deal with the Sima family in advance.

"Will the gentry expand in the future?"

Cao Cao looked at the huge screen in the sky and pondered in his heart. In the process of unifying the north, he did get a lot of help from the gentry and knew the power of the gentry.

But also because of this, he felt a profound crisis, and he felt a deep crisis towards the gentry. Cao Cao was very wary of expansion.

So he kept looking for opportunities to weaken the influence of the gentry on the court government.

But now it seems that the effect is not very good. In the future, the gentry will still expand uncontrollably.

This makes Cao Cao difficult to deal with the power of the gentry. With a deeper understanding, he felt that it was necessary to think of more ways to further weaken and restrict the gentry.

【Powerful families with Zhongzhengguan positions gradually move from local areas to power centers, while powerful families without Zhongzhengguan positions will be eaten up by other powerful families.】

【Cao Pi did not want to eliminate these local powerful people, but wanted to concentrate this group as much as possible】

【The Langya Wang family, the Chenjun Xie family, the Lanling Xiao family and other powerful families all over the country completed their magnificent transformation during this period and transformed into powerful noble families who were able to communicate with the imperial court and local governments.】

"I finally figured it out. I couldn’t tell the difference between the powerful and the nobles all the time. It turns out that the powerful and nobles are the advanced version of the local powerful."

"Powerful - a local bully who cannot be an official in the county. The gentry—the central bully, infiltrated into the center of power in the imperial court. That's probably what it means"

"Over the past five thousand years, from local powerful people to wealthy nobles, gentry and landlords, the nouns have changed, and it is easy to confuse them. To be simple, just call them the rentier class."

"…………"

【The growth of these powerful noble families can certainly strengthen the court's control over the local area, but what Cao Pi did not expect was that if the powerful noble families took one step further, they would only seize the world and let the country change hands.】

【A flowing dynasty, an iron-clad family. 】(To read exciting novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!)

【Since then, although there have been frequent turmoils in the Central Plains and nine countries have emerged in more than a hundred years, the power of the clan has not been affected at all.】

【Because no matter which force takes control, it must cooperate with the powerful in a short period of time to quickly complete the control of a place, collect taxes, and maintain the】

【What's more, from this period onwards, the essence of dynasty changes in the Central Plains was the transfer of power within the clans.】

【Whether it was Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yang Jian who founded the Sui Dynasty, or Li Yuan who founded the Tang Dynasty, the Dugu family, the Yuanxin family, and the Hou Mo and Chen Chong families all came from the Guanlong Group.】

【During this period, the proportion of members of the clan in the officialdomReached an astonishing 80%】

【In other words, at least eight out of every ten officials are from these noble families.】

【They hold the lifeblood of a country, and imperial power is just a tool for them to play games with each other.】

【The high degree of dominance of the noble families over the imperial government also made the emperors who came from a wealthy family feel an unprecedented threat.】

【If you want to change this status quo, you must open a new channel in the social system to allow the previously fixed resources and identities to flow. The emperor will no longer be in opposition to the clans, but will transfer the conflicts to the people at the bottom.】

【Let the common people have the opportunity to become new sects, and let the sects be tired of defending the breakthroughs of the common people.】

【Only by allowing the factions to consume each other can we avoid their continued penetration into the center of power.】

【So what should we do?】

【imperial examination system】

【This is the main tool for the emperor to complete this idea】

"There was a loud sound in the sky, and the imperial examination system made its debut"[]

"The imperial examination system is really awesome"

"The imperial examination system broke the monopoly of the aristocracy on court officials and gave the emperor a new way to select talents."

"The imperial examination system was the real decisive factor in the demise of the noble gentry."

"Reply - Don’t take the imperial examination system so seriously. The aristocrats are really not afraid of the imperial examination system. Under a fair examination, people from other classes would not be able to pass the examination for the children of noble families."

"Reply - Yes, children in big cities now generally receive better educational resources than children in rural areas. This was even more true in ancient times. The education obtained by the children of noble families was much better than that of ordinary people. People are not afraid of taking the test with real swords and guns"

"Reply – indeed. The aristocrats can adapt to the imperial examinations faster and better than ordinary people. After all, the children of the aristocratic families have money and leisure, and they have family inheritance, family tradition, and complete educational concepts. How can the children of ordinary people compare with them?"

"Reply - One more thing, the family members also have exam strategies and family members to accumulate experience in the exams. The children of the family members have a very high success rate in the imperial examinations."

"Reply - The imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty did not have such a big impact on the aristocratic gentry. According to the book"Research on the Cui Family Culture of Medieval Qinghe", there are 84 Qinghe Cui family whose paths to officialdom are clearly recorded, and 68 of them are Those who pass the imperial examination prove that they are also very strong in the examination."

"Reply - Indeed, even if the other classes have extraordinary talents, they are still in the minority. On the whole, the other classes still cannot compete with the children of the wealthy families."

"Reply - Objectively speaking, the imperial examination system did have an impact on the aristocracy in terms of institutional design. However, the reality at the time meant that it was not very effective. It would not be truly useful until the advent of movable type printing. But at that time, there were no noble families anymore."

"Reply - What you said above is correct. The emergence of movable type printing has greatly reduced the cost of disseminating knowledge. This is when the imperial examination system can truly exert its power."

"Reply - Agree! Movable type printing is really a revolutionary invention, which plays an extremely important role in the wide-scale popularization and dissemination of knowledge at the bottom of society."

"Reply - I have always had a suspicion that woodblock printing had already appeared in the early Tang Dynasty, and the technical principles of movable type printing are actually not complicated. Did it really appear after hundreds of years? Could it be that the wealthy aristocrats deliberately prevented the emergence and promotion of this technology in order to monopolize knowledge?"

"Reply - The angle of speculation above is very novel! angles never thought of"

"Reply - I don’t think that the powerful aristocrats have that ability. Sometimes technological innovation is just a matter of a flash of inspiration. It seems simple, but it takes a long time to invent."

"Reply - Maybe someone invented movable type printing in the Tang Dynasty, but it was not widely promoted, so no one knows about it. Just like Bi Sheng invented movable type printing during the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, but it was not widely promoted in the Song Dynasty, and finally in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties became popular during"

"……"

The plane of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Shimin looked at the numerous barrages on the giant screen in the sky, and quickly thought about two questions in his mind:

Did anyone in the Tang Dynasty invent movable type printing?

Will wealthy aristocrats deliberately hinder the emergence of this technology?

Li Shimin thinks the former question is possible.

Because he thought about the industrial survey of the later Dragon Kingdom that he saw last time.

In later generations, the Dragon Kingdom even had magical objects like mobile phones that could transmit sounds thousands of miles away, and the speed of information transmission was much higher than that of the Tang Dynasty.

Under such circumstances, there are still so many powerful items among the people that are not controlled by the Dragon Kingdom.

Li Shimin believed that there must be many things among the people of the Tang Dynasty that were not understood by the court.

After all, the world is so big and there are countless capable people and strangers.

Maybe someone had already invented movable type printing, but no one knew about it.

Li Shimin decided in his heart that he must conduct a thorough investigation in Datang.

If movable type printing can really be discovered, that will be a big gain!

Although he did not yet know what the specific technology of movable type printing was, later generations have already explained its function, which can make knowledge more convenient and cheaper to spread in society. This is amazing!

During his reign, the imperial examination had been held several times.

He knew that the monopoly of knowledge by wealthy nobles existed objectively.

And because of this, the success rate of the children of noble families is indeed much higher than that of other students.

He had long wanted to change this situation.

But there has been no particularly suitable method.

He couldn't force other people who were successful through fair examinations to win, right?

Breaking the intellectual monopoly of the powerful gentry will undoubtedly help change this situation.

Therefore, Li Shimin was very interested in movable type printing at this time.

As for the second question, Li Shimin also thinks it is possible.

The convenient and rapid flow of knowledge at the bottom is a good thing for the country, but not for the wealthy nobles.

Therefore, for their own benefit, even if the nobles know about this technology, it is entirely possible to prevent the promotion of this technology.

After thinking for a moment, Li Shimin looked at Li Zhi and said:

"Pheasant slave, it’s time for you to learn to handle political affairs practically. It just so happens that Datang is about to conduct a thorough investigation. You should also participate in this matter and learn more from your uncle."

Looking at Li Shimin's meaningful eyes, Li Zhi understood what Li Shimin really meant.

This was because he was worried about Changsun Wuji and specifically asked him to stare at him.

"Yes, my father, I will definitely study hard with my uncle."

Li Zhi replied respectfully.

He is the prince, so of course he must stand on the side of the imperial power.

"Auxiliary machine, please pay more attention and teach the pheasant slave more."

Li Shimin turned around and said to Changsun Wuji

"Please rest assured, Your Majesty, I will live up to my trust."

Changsun Wuji replied respectfully.

He is a smart man, how could he not understand Li Shimin's true intention?

But he can't refuse.