I

When a schoolboy completes his enlightenment and formally studies the Four Books and Five Classics, the first sentence he comes into contact with is: the way to a university lies in being virtuous, being close to the people, and striving for perfection.

It is the beginning of a scholar's dream, it is the beginning of a scholar's academic career, it is a scholar's motto in life, and it is a scholar's ultimate pursuit!

Ming Ming De: When a person comes into the world, he originally understands the principles of heaven, but is blinded by the turbidity, which makes him confused. We should get rid of the filth and re-understand the principles of heaven and earth.

Being close to the people: Zhu Xi believed that being a new people was a means of getting rid of filth and a process of understanding the principles of nature. Wang Yangming believes that it is close to the people, and it talks about ruling the country and bringing peace to the world with benevolence and love. However, both of them believed that "Ming Ming De" must be extended to all people.

Stopping at the highest good: making oneself, all peoples, all things, and all things tend to the perfect state that is taken for granted.

Zhao Han was afraid that ordinary scholars would not understand, so he immediately explained what he meant:

"Being clear about morality, being close to the people, and striving for perfection is the principle that everyone can become like Yao and Shun. This is what Mencius pursues, Zhuzi pursues, and Yangming Gong pursues."

"If personalities are born unequal, how can everyone become a saint? If everyone can become a saint, how can there be inequality in personality?"

""The Great Learning" talks about clear virtues and being close to the people, which means that all personalities are born equal. To stop at the ultimate good is not only to pursue the equality of all people, but also to pursue equality and sainthood for everyone!"

"Only by establishing this principle that all human beings are born equal, can we understand virtue, be close to the people, achieve perfection, cultivate our moral integrity, manage our families, govern our country, and bring peace to the world!"

These words drove a very conspicuous nail into the foundation of Neo-Confucianism.

Cai Maode, Pang Chunlai and others had already understood what Zhao Han meant.

At this time, some ordinary scholars also understood the detailed explanation, and their blood boiled with enthusiasm at these words.

The theory of personality, everyone is equal, can be integrated into the way of the university, and it is also a supplement and improvement to the way of the university.

At the same time, Zhao Han is also shouting slogans, asking everyone not to hesitate, take action quickly, spread the idea of ​​equality to the world, practice the way of a university, and practice the way of a saint!

Start a sect?

He's certainly not qualified yet.

He just proposed a new idea, and many people had to work together to improve the theory.

Zhao Han built the framework, and everyone replenished the flesh and blood, and countless sages and sages could throw their words into it. Many Confucian classics that are full of contradictions can also be smoothed out with the help of the "theory of grid position".

The storm of thought has arrived.

As if a bolt of lightning flashed across, Cai Maode suddenly closed his eyes, his whole body trembling slightly - he suddenly thought of something else.

He has been studying Wang Yangming's "Unplugging the Source" since he was a boy. He always understood its principles but could not find the solution. Even Wang Yangming himself could not find a solution.

However, Zhao Han's "Theory of Gesture" provides a solution with theoretical support for the key content of "unplugging the source"!

All I can say is that it was an accident.

Zhao Han has not read "Uprooting the Source of the Source", because Qianshan Fei specializes in Neo-Confucianism and does not have many works by Wang Yangming, but he has a complete collection of Zhu Xi's works.

Cai Maode had many thoughts, including excitement and fear.

The key issue of "eliminating the source" can be solved with the "theory of personality", but "personality equality" must be extended to the whole world.

Cai Maode knows how difficult this is, and Xinxue pays attention to the unity of knowledge and action. Now he "knows", but it is difficult to "act". While his whole body is in pain and entanglement, he can't help but have the urge to die as a martyr.

When Cai Maode opened his eyes again, the debate had turned into a wet market.

Supporters and opponents quarreled with each other, but Zhao Han was left hanging in the center of the debate room.

"Ahem!"

As the president of the debate, Cai Maode shouted loudly: "Silence, silence!"

To no avail, the noise remains the same.

Fei Yuanlu could only walk around the whole place, and as the mountain leader, forcefully scolded him to silence him.

When no one spoke anymore, Cai Maode finally spoke: "Defending is not about swearing. Don't lose your decency. Anyone who still has questions should take their time one by one."

Just as Cai Maode finished speaking, the whole audience started arguing again.

"For me, I agree with the theory of personality. As long as I uphold justice and practice virtue diligently, although I am not comparable to saints, I will still be one of the most noble people in the world!"

"Nonsense, respect is respect, humility is humiliation. How can one be respected while the other is humbled, how can one be humbled while the other is respected? If everyone thinks this way, there will definitely be chaos in the world, and this is the evil talk in this troubled world!"

"The character does not match the position, the beasts live high in the temple, and the little ones destroy the place. This is the reason for the troubled times. The position should be obtained based on the character. This is the principle of the sage's use of talents."

"You say you have a noble personality, are you really noble? I'm afraid you are all hypocrites!"

"You bastard, how dare you slander me!"

"..."

This time the quarrel became more violent, and even personal attacks began.

If not stopped, it may escalate into a physical attack.

"Stop the quarrel, stop the quarrel," Fei Yuanlu went to comfort the crowd again, "Gentlemen, if you want to speak, please raise your hands first."

Swipe, swipe, swipe, raise a lot with your hands.

Fei Yuanlu started the roll call from the teacher: "Mr. Chen, you speak first."

Chen Lide couldn't sit still at all, so he walked directly into the field and asked Zhao Han: "The king is the guide for the ministers, the father is the guide for the son, and the husband is the guide for the wife. How can there be equality? You are disturbing the guide!"

Zhao Han smiled and said: "Gang, rope, law, system. It just refers to the position of a person. Does this have anything to do with personality? Does this hinder the equality of personalities?"

Chen Lide finally couldn't help it anymore: "If the emperor has no virtue, how can his ministers still rebel?"

Zhao Han put away his smile, looked serious, and cupped his hands to the north: "If the emperor has no virtue, the ministers should practice virtue diligently and assist the emperor to be wise and benevolent. This is the principle of 'dedicated to the emperor Yao and Shun'."

Chen Lide could not refute this, and suddenly he was so anxious that sweat broke out on his forehead. He beat his chest and stamped his feet and said: "Zhu Zi said that men and women have the order of respect and inferiority, and couples should follow each other. Since the husband encourages the wife to follow, it means that men are superior to women, and husbands are inferior to wives. Husband Even if there is no virtue, women can only follow!"

As soon as this statement came out, the whole place was in an uproar.

Another teacher shouted: "Old man, you really deserve to die for how dare you misinterpret Zhu Xi's words!"

Chen Lide choked back and said, "This is Zhu Zi's original intention. How did I misinterpret it?"

When everyone was done making trouble and Fei Yuanlu suppressed the noise in the debate room, Zhao Han smiled and said: "Mr. Chen, this sentence was not said by Zhu Zi. It is the words of Cheng Zi (Cheng Yi) that Zhu Zi included in his book."

What Cheng Yi said?

Chen Lide was a little embarrassed. He thought it was Zhu Xi who said it. However, the loser does not lose the formation, so he said harshly again: "Since Zhu Zi accepts Cheng Zi's words, it means that Zhu Zi agrees with this principle!"

Zhao Han laughed loudly: "Mr. Chen, I have little talent and knowledge, and I don't know much about Confucian classics. But when it comes to Zhu Zi, I still have some research. The library of Hanzhu Academy has all Zhu Zi's works, including Zhu Zi and Friends , students’ correspondence. In the past three years, I have read all of Zhu Xi’s works. May I ask, Mr. Chen, how many of Zhu Xi’s works have you read?”

Chen Lide suddenly felt bad. Regarding Zhu Xi's articles, he had only carefully read the "Annotations on the Four Books" because it was part of the imperial examination.

Of course, Chen Lide was stronger than ordinary scholars. He had also roughly read "Zhu Xi Yu Lei".

As for Zhu Xi's other works, I only read them when I have a lot of time.

"Don't go too far. Zhu Zi accepted Cheng Zi's words and agreed with husbands and women." Chen Lide sneered, "You say that men and women are equal, and you say that husband and wife are equal, you are disobeying Zhu Zi and Cheng Zi!"

Zhao Han shook his head and said: "Zhu Zi has incorporated many of Cheng Zizhi's sayings, including the sentence 'Starving to death is a small matter, but being dishonest is a big deal.'"

Was this also said by Cheng Yi?

Chen Lide secretly thought that he was lucky. He thought it was Zhu Xi who said it, and he almost shouted out loud just now.

Zhao Han looked around at the crowd: "Starving to death is a very small matter, but a breach of integrity is a very serious matter. How many women have been harmed by this sentence? If Zhu Ziquan knew better, he would probably scold his disciples and grandsons. They are all people who have forgotten their ancestors!"

"Is it still wrong to observe the festival?" Chen Lide suddenly became excited, thinking that he had caught Zhao Han's words.

Zhao Han took out a few pieces of paper from his arms, all of which were excerpts of Zhu Xi's quotations, specifically to prepare for today's debate.

Opening Zhu Xi's quotations, Zhao Han began to rectify Zhu Xi's name: "Zhu Zi recorded the story of Cheng Zi's father letting his niece remarry twice in "Records of Modern Thoughts". Zhu Zi's students wondered why Cheng Zi said, 'It is a small matter to starve to death. , Disloyalty is a serious matter', but Cheng Zi's father made his niece remarry twice. Mr. Chen, do you know how Zhu Zi responded? "

Chen Lide was going crazy, as if his outlook on life had been overturned.

Cheng Yi said, "It's a small matter to starve to death, but it's a big deal to be dishonest." His father actually disobeyed it himself, twice!

Zhao Han continued: "Zhu Zi replied, the outline is endless, but there are also things that people cannot complete!"

Zhu Xi's meaning is very clear. Observing moral integrity is a Confucian principle and should be observed. However, not everyone can do it, and the requirements for saints cannot be imposed on mortals.

Chen Lide immediately grasped the key: "The reason why people can't do it is because the rituals and music have collapsed, and ordinary people can't abide by the rules. Zhu Xi was very sad about this!"

"Is that true?"

Zhao Han lowered his head to look up Zhu Xi's quotations and said, "Let's look at other things Zhu Xi said. Zhu Xi said: In general, etiquette is more important than food and color. However, if the priorities of matters vary, it may be lighter than food. Those who are lustful, but those who are clear in reason and refined in meaning, are able to exercise power without losing their ears.”

(Zhu Xi said: Etiquette and law are of course important, but worldly affairs are divided into priorities. Only those who truly understand the meaning of the scriptures can weigh the pros and cons.)

Zhao Han continued: "This sentence may still be ambiguous. Let's look at the next sentence: Those who cover up the scriptures only have a big law and a legitimate principle. It is beyond the power of the scriptures to cover the subtle twists and turns... This is the key point of the sutra."

(Zhu Xi said: Confucian classics and meanings only provide programmatic spirit and legitimate principles. The subtleties are difficult to describe. It is difficult to describe the subtleties. It is important to assess the situation, respond to changes, and not copy the classics rigidly. Only by using the classics flexibly can you truly master the classics. the essence of justice.)

Chen Lide refused to admit defeat: "This passage is Zhuzi's debate on the classics, not Zhuzi's approval of widows remarrying."

"Okay, let's talk more directly," Zhao Han continued to tell Zhu Xi's quotations, "Chen Shizhong's sister did not want to remarry, Zhu Zi persuaded her like this: Starving to death is a very small thing, but being unruly is a big thing. From a worldly perspective, sincerity is pedantic! "

sensation!

The whole audience was shocked!

Countless teachers and students stood up in shock. They studied hard in cold windows and respected Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism.

I never knew that Zhu Xi actually advised the widow to remarry, and even said that "starving to death is a small matter, but being unruly is a big matter" is a pedantic statement.

It turns out that you are like Zhu Xi!