Legend of Xiangjiang Tycoon

On February 25, Li Zhiwen met Horan Kramer, the head of Mars Capital's European branch, at Elizabeth Adjani's villa.

The current Mars Capital European branch is headquartered in the United Kingdom, and has not set up a branch in France, so we can only meet here.

And Holland Kramer handed over the prepared materials to Li Zhiwen.

In fact, Holland Kramer could not understand why Li Zhiwen continued to buy auto companies.

At this time, Li Zhiwen has basically controlled the British auto companies, and now he wants to acquire other countries, which makes Holan Kramer very incomprehensible.

Of course, Li Zhiwen won't tell Holland Kramer his true thoughts, after all Holland Kramer is an Englishman.

"Boss, all the information you want is here, including French Citroen and Peugeot, Germany's Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz and BMW's own Czechoslovakian Skoda," Hollen Kramer said.

"Okay, sit down and I'll take a look!" After Li Zhiwen finished speaking, he turned his attention to the information.

First of all, the materials introduced are French Citroen and Peugeot.

Citroen was founded in 1919 by Andre Citroen.

In 1900, at the age of 22, Andre Citroen obtained a patent for cutting from Poland for the machining of herringbone gears.

Then, the young man who graduated from the comprehensive engineering school founded the Citroen Gear Factory.

In 1919, the Citroen Motor Company was established, which began his tireless pursuit in the automotive industry.

In May 1919, Citroen's Model A was put into production in Quedzawa, France, kicking off the production of Citroen cars.

Although the annual production was only 2,810 cars at the time, the Citroen A model still created several firsts in France: the first high-volume, low-cost, fully equipped production line introduced in Europe; the first left-hand drive car; the first The car for the mass consumer group set a record of only 7950 francs per car at the time.

In fact, the performance of the A-type car itself was also very advanced at that time: the power system was equipped with a four-cylinder engine, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers was only 7.5 liters.

With three-speed transmission configuration, the top speed can reach 65km/h. The three-box, four-seater structure is very popular. Soon Citroen launched a commercial vehicle on the basis of the original A model at the end of the year: a trailer-type pickup truck with a load of 300kg.

From May 1919 to January 1921, total production of the Citroen Model A was 24,000.

In 1920, Citroen won the title of "Fuel Saving Champion" in a car race held at Le Mans in France, which made Citroen famous and directly promoted the growth of Citroen's sales. By the end of the year, there were 15,000 Citroen Mercedes in the streets of France.

In 1921, Citroen started to explore overseas markets. That year, 3,000 vehicles were sold overseas, and the annual output reached 10,933 vehicles.

At the end of the year, Citroen leased the Lefras factory in the Paris district from Claremont Boyard, and in 1922 put into production the famous 5CV economy car, half-track car, as well as body parts and ball bearings.

In the same year, Citroen established a member car purchase system, providing car purchase services with full payment from December to August. After that, he struck while the iron was hot to set up SOVAC, the first member company in Europe, with a view to popularizing family cars in France.

In 1923, Andre Citroen met Henry Ford in the United States and brought back Ford's assembly line production methods and machine tools. Since then, Citroen engineers have always visited the United States regularly.

In that year, the "Citroen Touring Team" was established. When the fleet began to travel across France to increase the prestige of the model, the new assembly line of the Quedzawa plant was continuously supplying users with new Citroen cars at an efficiency of 100 cars per day and 3,500 cars per month.

The establishment of the London branch further expanded its business to Europe. It is worth mentioning that the Citroën half-track left a modern car track for the first time in its trans-Saharan African feat.

In 1924, the Citroen B12 car produced at the Saint-Ann factory in the Paris district was the first to use an all-steel body.

Andre Citroen followed the development trend of automobile internationalization and established an international car sales network covering Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologne, Milan, Geneva, Copenhagen and other cities, and achieved a good export record of 17,000 vehicles that year.

The taxi network in Paris was also acquired by Andrew in one fell swoop, opening up intercity high-speed long-distance services.

In 1925, the Citroen chain grew from 200 in 1919 to 5,000. The 5CV model has also exceeded the total output of 80,000 vehicles by this time.

In 1926, Citroen established a special technical research laboratory for technical support. A full suite of standard services was launched in the same year, and a maintenance manual was also issued. As for overseas performance, the first assembly plant in Brussels was put into operation and began to assemble 5CV, B12 and B14, and the second branch in Slow, UK, was also put into production and assembly of 5CV.

On July 4, 1925, the Paris World Expo gave Andrew the opportunity to display the words "CITROEN" composed of thousands of neon lights on the Eiffel Tower in Paris. This dazzling light is particularly bright in the Paris night sky. Charles Liburn, who was famous all over the world in the past, flew across the Atlantic Ocean alone, and by virtue of this dazzling navigation, he landed in France safely, which was a legend at this time.

In 1927, the scale of Citroen developed to a building area of ​​762,000 square meters at home and abroad, with 31,000 employees. At the Paris Auto Show that year, the B14G model was grandly launched, which is another rapid transformation of Citroen after the transformation from B14 to B14F in just a few months. Then Andrew. Citroen successfully organized a public tour of the Citroen factory, which made Citroen even more popular.

In 1933, under the influence of the world economic crisis, the French automobile industry declined, and the production of automobiles dropped sharply. Andrew insisted on the principle of "produce more and reduce costs" and required the daily output to remain at 1,000 units. This strategic error laid a hidden danger for Citroen to be in trouble in the future.

In 1934, Citroen faced severe financial difficulties. When life and death were at stake, the first-class car manufacturing company in France and Europe, and the world's second largest automobile manufacturer, received financial assistance from Michelin, the largest credit company at that time, at the behest of the French government. But at the same time, 8,000 employees were laid off, and the output that year was only 56,123 vehicles.

After 1935, under the background of the turbulent world situation, Citroen was like a small boat in the violent sea, suffering from wind and waves again and again. First, Andrew. Citroen died of a sudden illness on July 3, 1935, and production plummeted to 30,759 vehicles that year.

In 1946, Citroen's annual production rose from a low of more than 2,000 before the end of the war to 24,443, half of which were commercial vehicles. In 1947, Citroen actively expanded its overseas market and established new agency sales points in Argentina and Sweden. At that time 70% of Citroen cars were exported.

At the Paris Motor Show in October 1948, Citroen's new 2CV caused a great sensation with its exaggerated shape, perfect design and multiple uses.

In 1976, Citroen had a big change. France's Peugeot controls 89.95% of Citroen's shares, merging the long-established Citroen company. Since then, Citroen has become a member of the French Peugeot-Citroen Group (PSA), but it still has great independence and its business activities are still controlled by itself.

In 1982, Citroen sent 150 CXs to Guangdong Dongfang Hotel, and Citroen began to enter the mainland market.

In other words, Citroen has already started to cooperate with the mainland at this time. If Li Zhiwen wins Citroen, it can continue to expand the cooperation with the mainland.

Gu However, at this time, more than 80% of Citroen's shares are in the Peugeot Group, which is a big problem.

Armand Peugeot introduced the penny-farthing "Le Grand Bi" in 1882 and a series of bicycles that followed.

Armand Peugeot became interested in cars after meeting Gottlieb Daimler, the founder of Mercedes-Benz.

In 1889, Peugeot produced its first car (three-wheeled steam-powered). Steam engines are heavy and bulky, and require a long time to prepare before starting. So with the advent of the combustion engine, the steam engine was quickly eliminated. In 1890, the first gasoline four-wheeled Peugeot with a Daimler engine came out.

In 1892, Peugeot produced a total of 29 cars. Peugeot was also the first manufacturer to use rubber tires on a gasoline-powered car that year.

In 1903, Peugeot also launched a motorcycle and uses the Peugeot brand to this day.

During World War II, the Peugeot factory was taken over by the Germans to produce trucks and vans.

In 1948, Peugeot resumed car production and introduced the Peugeot 203. Numerous models followed, many of which were beautifully styled by the Italian design house Pininfarina.

In 1958, Peugeot began selling cars in the United States. Like other European manufacturers who have partnered with other companies, Peugeot started producing cars with Renault and Volvo in 1966 and 1972 respectively.

In 1974, Peugeot bought a 30 percent stake in Citroen and took over the new company entirely after a massive injection of money from the French government in 1976.

Citroen's supporters complained that such a merger made Citroën's tradition of innovation and character unattainable. The combined parent company is called PSA Group, and the two brands still exist independently, but share engineering and technical resources.

In 1978, as the Chrysler Corporation was in trouble, the group bought the European division of Chrysler. These factories are old and outdated, and the investment has created financial problems for Groupe PSA.

From this report, we can see that the new group PSA Group formed by Peugeot and Citroen has financial problems, but it has the support of the French government behind it.

Looking at it this way, if Li Zhiwen wants to acquire the PSA Group, he has to get through the French government. This is a very difficult thing. Li Zhiwen smiled bitterly and supported his forehead.

Then Li Zhiwen could only read the following introduction.

Renault Motor Company is named after the surname of the founder Louis Renault. The graphic trademark is a pattern formed by four diamonds, symbolizing the integration of the three Renault brothers with the automobile industry, indicating that "Renault" can compete in an infinite (four-dimensional) space , survival and development.

In 1898, the three brothers Louis-Renault founded the Renault Automobile Company in Boulogne-Billancourt. It is the oldest car company in the world and one of the top ten car companies in the world.

During World War II, the production of weapons and munitions for the German government was taken over by the French government in September 1944, and Louis Reynolds was punished.

It was nationalized in 1945, and the government appointed the chairman of the board to form a management organization and changed its current name.

Since 1970, companies have allowed employees to buy company stock up to a maximum of 25%.

Since then, the company has recovered and developed rapidly, gradually realizing business diversification. Renault is the second largest automobile company in France. Its main products include Renault sedans, official vehicles and sports cars.

Renault car company is one of the most exported cars to Germany, and its quality and reliability are also considered first-class.

After the Second World War, Renault Motor Corporation merged many small car companies with the support of government capital, and developed a variety of automotive products to occupy the market.

In 1946, the famous 4CV car was launched. This popular car was very popular in the market and became the company's flagship product. In 1954, the output of 4CV reached 500,000. In the following 10 years, it also launched such as Renault 4, Renault 5, etc. series of products.

In 1975, the annual output reached 1.5 million vehicles, most of which were exported abroad. Renault became the largest automobile manufacturer in France at that time.

Looking at the presentations of Peugeot, Citroen and Renault, Li Zhiwen had a headache.

Obviously this is not what he imagined.

At first, Li Zhiwen thought that he could buy it like a British car, but when he saw the report, he realized that it was a mistake.

Because France likes to be nationalized, it's a nightmare.

Li Zhiwen shook his head and continued to look down.

In 1905, the L&K company turned to the production of automobiles. The first car was unveiled at the Prague Motor Show in 1906. At that time, there were few companies in the world that could produce cars, but the huge profits and development prospects of the car attracted the two founders of the company, and the car was soon exported to Europe, Asia, Africa and South America.

The outbreak of the First World War~www.wuxiaspot.com~car production was hampered and the company was weakened.

After the war, in order to restore their former reputation, they found the largest industrial group in the Czech Republic at that time, the Skoda Persson Group, which was engaged in the production of agricultural machinery, aircraft engines and trucks, and began to produce cars under the Skoda brand.

In 1924, Skoda was licensed to produce the luxury model HispanoSuiza, which was the most expensive car in the world at the time, and its chassis was even more expensive than a Rolls-Royce at the time.

In the mid-1930s, Skoda flourished and sales rose sharply. It was at this time that the Super Series began to appear. The first car was the 640 that was produced in 1934. As expensive as the 860 was, it had quite a bit of success in sales.

In 1946, Skoda, which had been nationalized, was reborn. Under the planned economic system, Skoda began to build cars for the people, with the goal of making cars that the people could afford. The fact is also true, the Ouya launched in 1946, launched in 1954 and its successor Fresia are models of economical and practical models. During this period, Skoda cars were extremely rudimentary, but they were cheap and very durable. Fresia is a typical representative.

But there are so many introductions. The Czech Republic is currently a Warsaw Pact organization and implements a planned economy, so Li Zhiwen can't get in touch with Skoda.

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