Live Wilderness Adventure

Chapter 493: There is Only One Truth!

"The Stone Age began about 2.5 million years ago, ranging from more than 7,000 years ago to more than 2,000 years ago."

"From monkeys, we have learned to throw stones, to apes, we have started to use stone axes."

"The Bronze Age began as early as the Mesopotamian civilization in the 4th century BC."

"The earliest bronze artifact unearthed in China is a bronze knife from the Majiayao Culture in Gansu. It is dated to around 2800 BC. My history is not very good, so it must be the early Shang Dynasty?"

"In ancient Egypt, bronze vessels appeared during the Second Dynasty and entered the Bronze Age."

"At the same time, there was also the Aegean civilization."

"After that, it's the Iron Age so far."

"Ironware was first used in ancient Egypt and Sumer. It was used in a very small amount in 4000 BC, but iron was mostly obtained from meteorites rather than iron ore, so the price was more expensive than gold. multiple."

"Until 3000 BC to 2000 BC, Asia Minor, Egypt and Mesopotamia increasingly extracted iron from meteorite mines."

"In China, five pieces of iron-edged copper axes from the Shang Dynasty in the 14th century BC were also unearthed. We call them 'Tianshi'."

"The Hittite Empire was the first to produce and apply iron in large quantities. It mastered iron smelting technology around 1400 BC. By 1200 BC, iron had been widely used in the Middle East, but it did not replace bronze."

"From the Stone Age to the Bronze Age to the Iron Age today, humans have spent millions of years. This is the progress of civilization and the progress of mankind."

"This is the famous three-stage theory, which divides the development of human civilization into three stages through materials."

In Bi Fang's description, the audience seemed to see piles of burning charcoal fires and black ore fed into the furnace piece by piece under the long river of history, which turned into dazzling red molten iron under high-temperature calcination. vent.

[The four ancient countries, we are the only ones left, I am proud! 】

[Lao Fang still understands history so much, covering his face, pushing himself to the next level]

[The progress of human civilization may seem complicated, but it is actually the change of materials]

[Huaxia, amazing! 】

Many foreign netizens also expressed their admiration.

Since iron was discovered, people began to mix it with different components, use different temperature processes to change its properties, and achieve different microstructures through different processes.

This black metal, which seems to have unlimited potential, has become the most important pillar supporting the industrial civilization of the entire planet.

Right now, Bi Fang will span millions of years of history and refine this black metal with infinite functions in the most primitive wilderness.

[If human civilization is lost, Boss Fang's live broadcast should be preserved]

【Maybe we can restart a civilization】

【Cowhide】

Seeing such comments, Bi Fang joked with clay in his hand: "I am now standing on the shoulders of giants. I have enough knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, and environment to achieve such a goal. It seems like a wilderness, but in fact It is the overall embodiment of human civilization.”

After laying down the base layer with clay, Bi Fang applied more clay around the sides, so that the whole looks like a toilet.

It is surrounded by clay on all sides, leaving only a hole of nearly four square decimeters.

When the pile was leveled with the ground, Bi Fang made an additional U-shaped opening and said, "This is the chimney mouth, and the gas exchange will depend on it later."

A passageway is made, and the whole is more like a toilet.

Not far away, the water monitor lizard that had returned to the cave poked its head out again, as if wondering what the tall creature in front of it was doing.

In its mind, hunting, eating, resting, and reproducing are the meaning of life.

The incomprehensible water monitor lizard scratched its skin with its paws, thinking about going to the pier at noon, going to the puddle to get a fish to eat.

【Like, really too similar】

[Okay, now our dry toilet has been completed, come and have a try]

[Pull and burn while pulling]

[Everyone cleans with water. Boss Fang has a drying function. The boss is not ordinary.]

Bi Fang laughed, there is no way, the shape of the current stove is really delicate.

Looking from the top down, it does look a bit like a toilet, still squatting, but there is a square fire opening in the front.

After it was done, Bi Fang kneaded the clay into thin rectangular strips, baked it over a fire, dried it a little and hardened it, and placed it inside the stove.

There is a slightly protruding platform at the bottom, which is reserved and can be placed on a shelf.

"This is the furnace bridge. In the past, there was something called a furnace bridge in coal-fired stoves. At that time, there was a saying that 'fire needs to be hollow', which means that when coal is burning, it needs oxygen."

"If the coal is really crowded together, without oxygen, the coal will not be able to burn. The coal needs to be elevated to facilitate air circulation and help combustion, and this task must be handed over to the furnace bridge."

"The furnace bridge is generally made of pig iron, like an iron fence. It is placed in the middle of the furnace, with coal on it, and a furnace door below, which can be opened and closed to adjust the firepower. We don't have this function here, it is just for the convenience of air. in circulation."

After the furnace bridge was built, Bi Fang broke off small branches non-stop, spread them on the "toilet", and then pasted clay again.

"This is the air vent. We can't let the clay block it. We can lay a layer of branches to fix it so that it doesn't collapse. It will be set after it dries. The branches don't need to be removed, they will be burned to ashes."

[One thing to say, this stove is more advanced than when Da* advanced. 】

[High-temperature toilet: You can only go to the toilet within a certain period of time, otherwise there is a risk of your butt being cooked. 】

[Capitalist: Install it in my company! Replace it all with this! 】

[Impossible, don't you charge for fuel? It's more reasonable to deduct fees for tilting toilets and timing toilets. 】

The section on Bi Fang's paste just separated the fire opening and the "toilet", and then made a stone slab with clay according to the size of the fire opening.

"The size of the stone slab is larger than that of the fire hole, and it is used to insulate the heat."

After finishing the stone slab, let it dry and harden naturally, Bi Fang patted his dark gray palm and breathed a sigh of relief: "Okay, I will do this in the morning, have a meal at noon, and then go to the river to pick some clay. Keep making chimneys and charcoal."

Back in the shelter, Bi Fang came to the water hole and was about to catch fish, but found that the only two remaining fish had disappeared.

Looking at the soil slope not far away, a piece of fish bone was spit out not far away.

Bi Fang: "."

At noon, Bi Fang came to the stream again. After harvesting three big fish, he strengthened the fishing ground again, expanded the area, and put rotten fish viscera into it. a fishing ground.

"Originally two or three big fish and four or five small fish were enough for a fishing ground every day, but now I have a thief neighbor, and one fishing ground is not enough, so now I want to build another one, and the distance between the two should be more than enough. Farther away, preferably more than 200 meters."

"Now let's dig some more clay, pour some water, and harvest sugar cane and Houttuynia cordata."

The benefits of returning to the camp are now apparent. Not only is there a stable supply of vegetables, but also a fixed supply of sweets and fruits. Although they are not too sweet, they are also rare and delicious.

Bi Fang shoveled the clay into the frame and went back and forth three times to fill the pit, and then lit firewood in the semi-finished fire pit to speed up the drying.

As a result, I was surprised to find a paw print on the clay beside me.

【Hahaha, no, I'm going to die laughing】

[I can't fight, and it's hard to rush, what can I do? I can only keep it.]

[This is the first time I encountered a problem that Lao Fang could not solve. 】

Bi Fang rubbed his temples, and originally wanted to pour some water and boil it here to disinfect, but now it seems that he can't leave.

He didn't want to drink the water that the water monitor lizard drank.

It's still not long since I left, if I left for a little longer, wouldn't it still be occupied by sparrows?

[Old Fang: Do you dare to steal my territory? 】

[Water monitor lizard: Obviously you snatched mine first! 】

The audience turned on the crazy ridicule mode.

Bi Fang shook his head, cleaned up the fish and had a meal mixed with Houttuynia cordata, and then came to another open space with a lot of firewood.

"If you want to make iron, although you have a blast furnace, it is not enough to burn firewood alone. We must have a lot of charcoal."

[To be honest, I don’t really understand the difference here]

[Charcoal is not made of wood! Burning charcoal is hotter than burning wood? 】

【Knowledge Blind Spot】

[A knowledge of physical chemistry is actually]

"It is indeed a knowledge of physical chemistry, but it is too complicated to explain that way, and it needs to be explained with a lot of equations, so I will briefly explain it."

Bi Fang rebuilt a suitable small building out of clay on the ground.

"Charcoal is a wood processing product, but it is not burned in an ordinary furnace, it is a processed product that can only appear in a high-temperature and oxygen-poor environment.

At this time, the moisture in the wood is evaporated, and the structure of the wood itself changes. The interior will show a honeycomb structure, which is easier to be ignited, has higher combustion efficiency, and rarely produces smoke. "

"Then take this honeycomb structure and burn it to produce a more intense combustion reaction and reach a higher temperature."

[I want to see a complicated explanation, funny]

"For a complicated explanation, if we take the main chemical substance 'cellulose' of wood as the object of investigation, the basic composition of glucose is 'carbohydrate'."

"Comparing glucose with charcoal is to compare '1 mol of C6H12O6' with the simple carbon containing 6 mol of carbon atoms."

"Then, the six waters in 'C6H12O6' are still water after combustion, and will not produce much heat. That is, the heat of combustion is mainly contributed by the six carbon atoms.

In this way, the heat of combustion of wood and charcoal will not differ too much. You can check the chemistry handbook to see the difference in the heat of combustion between the two. "

[The heat of combustion of glucose is 2800kj/mol, while the heat of combustion of the equivalent amount of C is 2361kj/mol, which is numb, and the difference is not very big. 】

Bi Fang smiled: "Then, when wood burns to produce 6 carbon dioxide molecules, it also produces 6 more water molecules that also need to be heated."

"But! After burning charcoal, there are only CO2 molecules!"

"Charcoal does not need to consider what water molecules are heated. After charcoal is burned, the types of substances and the number of molecules that need to be heated are less."

"This is the most fundamental reason why the highest burning temperature of charcoal is higher than that of wood!"

The rumen of a cow is the largest of the four stomachs, with a volume of 130 liters.

Sacrifice a new book, hoping that subscriptions will rise and suck his luck.