Longevity: Start From The Entry Of Luck

Chapter 455: Jiang Yuan's Visit, Resolving Cause and Effect!

Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

With Jiang Yuan's action.

Buzz...

A deep buzzing sound instantly resounded between heaven and earth.

In an instant, the entire Heavenly Origin Holy Land was enveloped in a layer of golden formation.

After the formation appeared, the entire Heavenly Origin Holy Land was bathed in golden light.

Countless golden runes containing the rules of the Great Dao emerged on the light curtain of the formation.

As this terrifying tearing intent spread to the formation.

Ripples instantly surged where the two intersected.

A tremendous aftermath spread.

The land outside the formation instantly collapsed and tore apart, as if countless earth dragons were turning over, as if the heavens and earth were about to overturn.

This is the aftermath of a collision at the Saint level!

"Dean!"

Jiang Yuan spoke.

Dugu Bo nodded, "I'll handle it!"

As soon as he finished speaking, Dugu Bo pressed his palm in the air.

In an instant, the fluctuations within tens of thousands of miles were instantly smoothed out.

The aftermath of the Void Palm Imprint and the Heavenly Origin Holy Land's Mountain Protection Formation were also restricted to a certain range.

"Who dares to cause trouble here!"

Before the figure arrived, a voice had already exploded in this heaven and earth, like rolling thunder, filled with vast heavenly might.

This is the voice of a Saint!

The next moment, a middle-aged man with an angry expression appeared in front of the two.

Jiang Yuan swept his gaze over this person and his mind moved slightly.

The golden aura on this person's body instantly surged into Jiang Yuan's panel like a tide.

Luck power +1390.

After completing this harvest, Jiang Yuan nodded in satisfaction.

A Saint at the Second Heaven, and a Saint he had never met before.

Not bad!

Immediately, his gaze calmly swept past this person and fell on the Mountain Protection Formation of the Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

At this moment, the might of Jiang Yuan's Void Palm Imprint did not diminish, and it was still impacting the Mountain Protection Formation.

He saw the Mountain Protection Formation constantly causing ripples, sometimes brighter, sometimes dimmer.

"The defensive formation of a Sacred Land is indeed powerful!"

Jiang Yuan looked at the scene before him and sighed inwardly.

From his current perspective, it would be impossible to break through a Sacred Land without being a Supreme.

Just the power of this Mountain Protection Formation alone can withstand the attacks of all Saints.

At the same time, the Saint who Jiang Yuan underestimated was also paying no attention to Jiang Yuan, but instead looked at Dugu Bo behind him with a serious expression.

Below.

After all these changes, the cultivators in the Heavenly Origin Holy Land finally reacted completely.

Looking at the gradually calming sky, the fear in their hearts did not dissipate.

Such a big commotion, the one who came was an enemy, not a friend.

And the Heavenly Origin Holy Land has stood in the Eastern Domain for countless years, and in all those years, nothing like today has ever happened, where someone has come knocking on their door, and even the Mountain Protection Formation has been triggered.

This represents the might of the move just used in the sky, already surpassing the power of a Saint.

Only such a powerful might can trigger the Mountain Protection Formation.

When they think of Saint coming to attack, they are filled with fear.

In this level of battle, both sides are difficult to defeat. They will definitely be able to create a world-shaking battle. Even if they are within the Mountain Protection Formation, they may not be safe.

After all, this is the first time in countless years that someone has invaded the Sacred Land. If the other party doesn't have a certain level of confidence, how could they dare to come and die for nothing?

At the same time,

The silver-haired man also stood on the steps, his gaze deeply focused on the scene above his head.

"Dugu Bo!!!"

He murmured.

On the other side,

On top of a mountain peak,

The debate between Ziling and Linsusu ended in an instant.

Both of them looked up at the sky.

Then their pupils suddenly contracted.

"It's him?"

"It's him!!"

Linsusu continued to mutter, "Has Dugu Bo gone crazy? He actually came to provoke our Heavenly Origin Holy Land. Does he think he's a Supreme?"

"Why does he dare?"

At this moment, Ziling remained silent, her gaze solemnly fixed on the young figure in the sky.

How did Jiang Yuan come to Heavenly Origin Holy Land?

She pondered in her heart.

In the sky,

Jiang Yuan looked calmly down below through the Mountain Protection Formation of Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

Seeing the golden aura lingering around the people in Heavenly Origin Holy Land, Jiang Yuan's heart suddenly rejoiced.

Not bad!!

The might of a single strike has caused them all to appear, which is just right for me to harvest the power of luck.

With a slight thought from Jiang Yuan,

The golden aura below surged towards him like a tide.

Luck power +1980.

Luck power +1760.

Luck power +40.

As the luck power poured into his panel, Jiang Yuan instantly saw the crazy rise of luck power on his panel.

In an instant, the jumping numbers on the panel stopped.

[Luck Power]: 87466 strands.

Looking at the growing value on his panel,

Jiang Yuan nodded in satisfaction.

In just a moment, gaining a few thousand strands, this trip was worth it.

Jiang Yuan's gaze briefly swept over the silver-haired man, then over the voluptuous woman sitting in the pavilion on the mountaintop wearing a white dress.

So big!!!

Jiang Yuan sighed inwardly.

Then he withdrew his gaze.

Heavenly Origin Holy Land, a Saint of the Ninth Heaven, a Saint of the Seventh Heaven, and the two Saints of the Second Heaven standing outside the mountain protection formation.

These three undoubtedly demonstrate the strength of Heavenly Origin Holy Land, deserving of being the overlord of the Eastern Domain.

It should be noted that some declining Sacred Lands may not even have a single Saint.

The majority of Sacred Lands only have one Saint.

Just like the North Heng Sacred Land, the dojo established by Senior Brother Beiheng, as far as Jiang Yuan knows, only has Senior Brother Beiheng as the Saint Lord.

Below Senior Brother Beiheng are the elders of the Grotto-Heaven Realm.

This also shows the rarity of Saints.

But in terms of quantity, this is extremely normal.

You see, how vast is the territory of the Five Domains and Four Seas?

In such a vast world, the combined number of Saints and Demon Saints is only a few hundred.

From this, it can be seen that Saints are extremely rare in a local area.

Any force that possesses a Saint is an Apex Level force in a domain.

And Heavenly Origin Holy Land, this Sacred Land, can have three Saints, including two Saint Kings, which shows its transcendent status.

The next moment.

Jiang Yuan's gaze fell on the Saint of the Second Heaven.

This person still looked solemnly at Dugu Bo.

"Summon your Lord out!"

Jiang Yuan's tone was calm.

As soon as these words were spoken, the Saint's gaze froze as he looked at Jiang Yuan.

"Who are you?"

"I am Jiang Yuan, here to settle a cause and effect!"

"Jiang Yuan?" The Saint furrowed his brows slightly, then glanced at Dugu Bo, seeing him standing calmly beside Jiang Yuan without saying a word.

"I am the Second Elder of Heavenly Origin Holy Land. If you have any business with our Heavenly Origin Holy Land, you can directly speak to me."

He spoke calmly to Jiang Yuan.

Although the voices of the two were not loud, what kind of existence were the people below?

They were all cultivators from Heavenly Origin Holy Land, and any one of them could be considered a powerful cultivator with profound cultivation.

The voices of the two also clearly reached the ears of these cultivators.

"Jiang Yuan? This person is actually Jiang Yuan?"

"It's him! I've seen his portrait, and he is exactly the same!"

"Why did Jiang Yuan come to our Sacred Land? The commotion just now must have been caused by him, right?"

"Hmph! How could it be Jiang Yuan? Didn't you see the middle-aged man behind Jiang Yuan? That's Saint Emperor Dugu Bo, one of the two Human Emperors! It must have been him who made the move just now!"

"Come to think of it, the confrontation just now was at the level of Saints. It even brought out our Sacred Land's mountain protection formation."

"This Saint Emperor is really domineering! He attacked with the mountain protection formation as soon as he arrived. If it weren't for the protection of the mountain protection formation, we would have suffered countless casualties from the aftermath."

"What's the use of saying so much? Even if he is being excessive, do you dare to say a word against him?"

"I don't dare! But his behavior is really disrespectful to our Heavenly Origin Holy Land! Our Heavenly Origin Saint Lord is also one of the strongest in the Eastern Domain!"

...

In mid-air, Jiang Yuan heard the response from this person.

"You are not qualified enough!"

"Not qualified?"

The second elder's gaze turned slightly cold as he looked at Jiang Yuan, then sneered.

"If it weren't for the Saint Emperor standing behind you, I would make you understand today that the Saint cannot be humiliated!"

Jiang Yuan shook his head slightly and glanced down.

Still no movement!

He knew that the Heavenly Origin Saint Lord, who was standing behind him, was unwilling to intervene at this time, relying on his identity.

Fine!!

Jiang Yuan sighed inwardly.

The next moment.

Just as Jiang Yuan was preparing to make a full move.

A silver-haired, silver-eyed man slowly appeared outside the mountain protection formation.

"Old friend, long time no see!"

The person who came was none other than the Heavenly Origin Saint Lord.

"Saint Lord!"

The middle-aged man bowed slightly, showing respect on his face.

The Heavenly Origin Saint Lord nodded slightly in response.

The middle-aged man then stepped back behind the Heavenly Origin Saint Lord, clearly positioning himself around the Heavenly Origin Saint Lord.

Dugu Bo looked at the silver-haired, silver-eyed man in front of him and sneered, "You old fellow, still so flashy, what's the point of maintaining such a young face? Are you still not content?"

The Heavenly Origin Saint Lord shook his head slightly, "You don't understand!"

Jiang Yuan also looked at the silver-haired, silver-eyed man in front of him with a slight smile.

Someone came forward, saving him some trouble.

"Old friend, bringing your disciples to my Heavenly Origin Holy Land and causing such a commotion, what is the matter?"

The Heavenly Origin Saint Lord looked calmly at Jiang Yuan and Dugu Bo, seemingly not annoyed by the recent commotion.

Dugu Bo said, "This visit has nothing to do with me, it's related to Jiang Yuan!"

"Oh?" The Heavenly Origin Saint Lord's voice was magnetic, "What is the matter with the young friend bringing the Saint Emperor to my door?"

Jiang Yuan said, "To settle some cause and effect!"

"Cause and effect?" The Heavenly Origin Saint Lord looked at Jiang Yuan in surprise, then asked, "What cause and effect? Is my Heavenly Origin Holy Land entangled with the young friend?"

Jiang Yuan waved his hand.

"See for yourself, Saint Lord!"

As soon as his voice fell.

An image appeared in the air in an instant, showing the cause and process of his departure from the Heavenly Origin Saint Domain.

The speed was increased by tens of millions of times.

But this speed was nothing for the Saints, they could still see it very clearly.

At the same time, Jiang Yuan took out a jade slip.

The Heavenly Origin Saint Lord quickly took it.

He scanned it with his divine sense and quickly understood the general situation.

The next moment.

He threw the jade slip to the second elder behind him and transmitted his voice.

"After watching it, give it to the Grand Elder!"

"Yes!" The second elder behind him replied in a low voice, then took it over.

At this time, the Heavenly Origin Saint Lord also quietly watched the image in the sky.

"Such a fast playback speed!" someone below exclaimed.

"This is too fast! I can't see clearly!"

"I can't see very clearly either!"

"I can see a little bit clearly!"

"Oh, Fellow Daoist, please tell us what exactly happened?"

"Wait for me to finish reading and I will explain to everyone."

.

On the other side.

"To settle the cause and effect?" Ziling muttered to herself, then turned to Lin Susu and said, "Sister Lin, it seems that Jiang Yuan and Heavenly Origin Holy Land may have some grievances! You have provoked someone you shouldn't have!"

At the same time.

A stream of light fell from the sky, which was a jade slip thrown by the second elder of the Sacred Land.

Lin Susu quickly raised her hand to catch it, and then she used her divine sense to scan it, instantly understanding the information recorded inside.

"So that's how it is. It turns out that our Heavenly Origin Holy Land indeed has some minor cause and effect with Jiang Yuan. Instead of making a big fuss, why don't we invite that Saint Emperor to come over?"

"Jiang Yuan, this child, has a poor character and seems unfit for great responsibilities! His future achievements will be limited!"

Upon hearing Lin Susu's words, Ziling shook her head slightly.

Limited achievements?

Anyone who has witnessed Jiang Yuan's performance at the New Saint Banquet would not dare to say that his achievements are limited.

He is a figure who has a ten out of ten possibility of reaching the pinnacle of the human realm in the current world environment.

She then spoke, "Sister Lin, let me take a look at the information recorded in the jade slip!"

"Okay!" Lin Susu nodded and handed the jade slip to Ziling.

Ziling took it and scanned it with her divine sense. The information recorded in the jade slip was instantly received in her mind.

"So that's how it is!"

Ziling immediately understood.

She then returned the jade slip to Lin Susu, who in turn threw it to the other elders as a streak of light, and it flew into the hands of the other elders.

At this time, Ziling was quietly watching the light curtain above Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

Time quietly passed.

With the playback of the light curtain and the occasional fast-paced scenes, in the blink of an eye, the scene of Jiang Yuan escaping from the boundaries of Heavenly Origin Holy Land came to an end.

As the light curtain disappeared, Ziling's gaze also slowly retracted.

Making a big fuss?

She thought to herself and shook her head slightly.

This was a matter of life and death, so how could it be considered making a big fuss?

If it weren't for Jiang Yuan's outstanding strength and the negligence of the guardian of the boundary of the Heavenly Origin Holy Land, Jiang Yuan might have perished at the boundary of the Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

This life and death situation is a major cause and effect!

Now that Jiang Yuan has come looking for trouble, it can't be considered making a big fuss.

It can only be said that he seeks revenge for grievances, not showing magnanimity.

On the other side.

Within the Sacred Land, with the closing of the light curtain, under the explanation of several Grotto-Heaven Realm experts, everyone roughly understood the cause of this incident.

"So that's how it is! It turns out that Shen Lang Junior Brother had provoked Jiang Yuan back then."

"It's not Shen Lang Junior Brother's fault either. Who could have imagined that a seemingly ordinary genius would grow so fast in such a short time and even join the Holy Academy, gaining the support of a Saint Emperor!"

"Yes! It's also Chu Family's fault. Why provoke Jiang Yuan out of all people, leading to Jiang Yuan bringing a Saint Emperor with him today? It's frustrating!"

"Who says it's not? If Jiang Yuan came alone, it would be nothing! I could beat him up without the Holy Lord having to intervene!"

"What's the use of saying this? Jiang Yuan has a Saint Emperor standing behind him, someone who can rival the Supreme Realm's Monster Emperor in the South Ridge!"

"Yes! With such an extraordinary powerhouse, even the Holy Lord has to give him some face!"

"."

As the people below were discussing, the Holy Lord of Tianyuan finished watching the events on the screen and nodded slightly, speaking to Jiang Yuan.

"Young friend, since you want to settle this cause and effect, I naturally agree. I will immediately recall Shen Lang and impose the most severe punishment on him. As for the lives of the entire Chu family, it will be up to you to decide. What do you think?"

Jiang Yuan shook his head slightly in response.

"Not enough?" The Holy Lord's tone was calm as he looked at Dugu Bo behind Jiang Yuan.

Seeing Dugu Bo's calm expression and lack of response, he continued, "Then Shen Lang will also be at your disposal. How about that?"

Jiang Yuan shook his head again. "Not enough!"

"Still not enough?" The Holy Lord's eyebrows furrowed slightly, and his eyes flickered with mysterious runes.

In the next moment, he spoke again, "Then how do you want to settle this cause and effect? I see the face of the Saint Emperor, as long as it's not an excessive request, I can agree to it!"

Jiang Yuan said, "Then I'll be straightforward. The purpose of my visit this time is only one thing, the Void Dao Scripture! If you lend me the Void Dao Scripture for one month of comprehension, everything will be settled!"

"The Void Dao Scripture?" The Holy Lord's voice turned cold. "I let you make a condition, but I didn't expect you to have such wishful thinking!"

He then looked at Dugu Bo behind Jiang Yuan and asked, "Dugu old friend, is this your intention?"

Dugu Bo chuckled, "This visit is mainly for my student."

At this moment, the people below heard these words and erupted in discussion.

"The Void Dao Scripture? Is Jiang Yuan dreaming?"

"I think he's gone mad. Shen Lang only made a move against him once, and now he wants to use this as an excuse to demand the Void Dao Scripture?"

"This is outrageous! Jiang Yuan brought the Saint Emperor here, clearly trying to use his influence to pressure us!"

"So what if he's a Saint Emperor? He hasn't reached the pinnacle of the Human Dao Realm, he hasn't become a Supreme known throughout the world. Isn't he just a Saint in the Ninth Heaven, stronger than our Holy Lord?"

"That's right! Even if the Saint Emperor is strong, he's still just in the Ninth Heaven. What can he do to our Heavenly Origin Holy Land? A mere Saint doesn't have the qualifications to threaten us!"

"."

Above the Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

Jiang Yuan said, "If the Holy Lord is willing to lend me the Void Dao Scripture for observation, then everything will be settled."

"And if I don't lend it?" the Holy Lord coldly asked.

"If you don't lend it, when the day comes for me to reach the pinnacle, I will definitely come to the Heavenly Origin Holy Land again! And today, I am determined to obtain the Void Dao Scripture!"

"Arrogant!" Upon hearing Jiang Yuan's words, the Second Elder behind the Holy Lord immediately shouted.

The dignified Heavenly Origin Holy Land, a giant in the Eastern Domain, was being insulted by a young child in front of everyone in the Sacred Land. In his eyes, this was simply ignorance of life and death.

He was about to make a move, but when he saw Dugu Bo's gaze towards Jiang Yuan, his anger instantly dissipated, and he suppressed the rage in his heart.

At the same time, the Holy Lord's face also darkened, and his handsome face gradually sank.

"Dugu old friend, is this the student you've taught?"

On the other side, on the peak of Yunhai Mountain.

Lin Susu's face also darkened.

"This Jiang Yuan really doesn't know his place, spouting nonsense! Although he has talent, what qualifications does he have to say such things now? If it weren't for the Saint Emperor standing behind him, I would have slapped him away long ago."

Ziling's expression suddenly became serious: "Lin Jiejie, I advise you not to have such thoughts. You have no idea how terrifying Jiang Yuan is."

"If I were you, I would advise the Holy Lord to lend the Void Dao Scripture to Jiang Yuan for observation. If he can settle the cause and effect with Jiang Yuan, it should be settled!"

Upon hearing these words, Lin Susu looked at Ziling in astonishment.

In the next moment, her expression became serious. She knew Ziling well and knew that she never spoke falsehoods, especially not in this kind of situation.

"Ziling, why would you say that?" Lin Susu asked.

"Do you remember what I said before?" Ziling asked.

"What did you say?" Lin Susu looked puzzled.

"There are always people beyond people, and there are always people beyond the heavens!" Ziling slowly spoke.

"Ziling, are you saying that Jiang Yuan is the person you mentioned?" Lin Susu looked surprised.

Ziling nodded slightly, "You also know that I attended the Heavenly Demon Temple Saintess's new saint banquet a few days ago. Jiang Yuan is the partner of Saintess Yechanxi."

"It was at that new saint banquet that I learned about his terror."

"Jiang Yuan has mastered the Five Elements Great Dao of gold, wood, water, fire, and earth, and his mastery is extremely high. He has even comprehended the Five Elements Great Dao to at least fifty percent mastery."

"Furthermore, what's even more terrifying is his mastery of the Space Great Dao, which exceeds fifty percent. Do you know what this means?"

Upon hearing Ziling's words, Lin Susu was filled with shock.

"Is this true?"

Ziling shook her head slightly, "I saw it with my own eyes, how could it be false! Moreover, dozens of Saints participated in this new saint banquet. You can inquire about it casually and you will know that what I said is not false."

"Since Jiang Yuan said these words in front of so many people, he will definitely fulfill them with his character!"

"It won't be long before he reaches the pinnacle of the Human Realm. Once he attracts the attention of a Supreme, you all need to think carefully."

At this moment, Lin Susu listened to these words, feeling confused and still immersed in shock.

Because the news revealed by Ziling was too bizarre.

At this age, Jiang Yuan had already displayed mastery of seven Great Dao.

This meant that before reaching the seventh level of the Saint Realm, Jiang Yuan could easily break through without any difficulty.

And this was only the mastery of Great Dao that was openly displayed. Who knew if he had comprehended other Great Dao in secret?

But based on the information currently known, it could be inferred that it wouldn't be too difficult for Jiang Yuan to reach the pinnacle of the Human Realm and achieve the Supreme realm.

This news completely subverted her worldview.

"How can there be such a terrifying talent in this world!" Lin Susu muttered, looking up at the sky.

In the sky, facing the inquiry of the Heavenly Yuan Holy Lord, Dugu Bo smiled faintly.

"It's none of your business how I teach my students."

Jiang Yuan also spoke at this time, "Heavenly Yuan Holy Lord, are you willing to lend me the Void Dao Scripture?"

"Ridiculous!" The silver-haired and silver-eyed Heavenly Yuan Holy Lord sneered, "You are not qualified enough!"

Just then, his expression froze, and he looked at Jiang Yuan with a hint of disbelief.

"I'm not qualified enough?" Jiang Yuan also smiled.

Then he took a step forward.

"Is this enough?" he asked.

The silver-haired and silver-eyed Heavenly Yuan Holy Lord's eyes trembled, revealing a solemn look.

"Stepping into the fourth level of space? That's still not enough!"

"What about this?" Jiang Yuan spoke again.

As he spoke, his words resounded.

Rumble--

The void trembled.

In Saint's eyes, various colors of Great Dao extended from the depths of the void, one end connecting to the depths of the void, and the other end connecting to Jiang Yuan.

At this moment, Jiang Yuan seemed like an ancient immortal god descending upon the world, exuding a terrifying aura.

This aura was vast like an ocean, causing the protective mountain formation of the Heavenly Origin Holy Land to ripple incessantly.

Even the people inside the protective mountain formation of the Sacred Land felt as if they were standing on the edge of a precipice, unable to help but hold their breath.

Nine layers of the Grotto-Heaven Realm!

Merging with seven Great Dao!!

No, not seven, but thirteen!!!

The Heavenly Lord was shocked when he saw this scene, his heart filled with astonishment.

Just now, he had deep doubts about the information transmitted by the Elder Lin Susu.

Having cultivated for only about twenty years, how could Jiang Yuan have such a mastery of spatial and five elements Great Dao as Elder Lin Susu and Fellow Daoist Ziling claimed?

But at this moment, seeing this scene, he knew that both of them had underestimated Jiang Yuan.

In addition to spatial and five elements Great Dao, Jiang Yuan clearly also mastered yin-yang Great Dao, starry sky Great Dao, and several other Great Dao that he couldn't identify for the time being.

Moreover, among them, several Great Dao had a broad extent and a level of mastery that was not low, not just in the preliminary stage.

At this moment, the entire scene was shocked.

Those below the level of a Saint were horrified by the terrifying aura emanating from Jiang Yuan. At this moment, Jiang Yuan gave them the same feeling as a Saint.

Those above the level of a Saint could see the seven Great Dao behind Jiang Yuan that connected heaven and earth, among which the spatial and five elements Great Dao could be easily recognized.

The breadth of these two Great Dao shocked Elder Lin Susu and the second elder of the Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

"Is the Heavenly Lord willing to settle this cause and effect today!"

Jiang Yuan spoke again.

His voice rolled like heavenly might, even the Heavenly Lord's heart was filled with fear at this moment.

Countless thoughts flashed through his mind, then turned into the only thought in his mind.

He nodded slowly, "Naturally, I am willing. The Void Dao Scripture will be presented soon."

At the same time.

Lin Susu, who was on the top of the Cloud Sea Mountain, stood up slowly.

"Sister Ziling, I take my leave first. I'm going to retrieve the Void Dao Scripture for Jiang Yuan."

Ziling nodded slightly, "Go! There's no need to establish this cause and effect with Jiang Yuan."

Lin Susu also nodded.

In the next moment, her figure flashed and disappeared from this place.

Heavenly Origin Holy Land.

Everyone looked at the majestic figure in mid-air, their bodies freezing cold, as if they were in an icy cave.

"How could Jiang Yuan be so strong? Nine layers of the Grotto-Heaven Realm, and his aura is even beyond this realm."

"No way! How is this possible!"

"In the recent battle of the two clan alliances, wasn't Jiang Yuan only at the Ninth Layer of the Four Extremities realm? How did he become the Ninth Layer of the Grotto-Heaven Realm now?"

"This pressure is comparable to a Saint, right? Is this person really Jiang Yuan?"

"Why did Shen Lang provoke this existence!"

"The Chu family deserves to die! They should be killed!"

"."

(End of this chapter)