Madam, As Much As You Want

Chapter 145 The method of preparing metallic hydrogen!

As we all know, water and metals are two completely unrelated objects.

Under normal conditions, pure water is an almost perfect insulator, unless under extreme pressure it develops some metallic properties.

However, a study published in the journal Nature a few years ago showed that pure water can also be turned into metallic hydrogen.

Researchers have successfully created metallic water in the laboratory through an ingenious experimental design!

This is the first time scientists have turned insulating pure water into a metallic state in the laboratory by "bypassing" the high-voltage confinement conditions.

Of course, the most direct way to make metallic hydrogen is to place water under infinite pressure.

This is the most direct and easiest way to make metallic hydrogen.

How much water is there on earth?

Seventy-one percent of the place was covered by water.

Therefore, if the conventional method of pressing water into metallic hydrogen can be realized, the energy problem can be completely solved.

Chen Chong sat in the research room and recalled from his mind the detailed explanation of the metal hydrogen preparation method in 2312 that he had just purchased.

After tidying up, Chen Chong held the cup in his hand, looked at the water in the cup, and said with a smile:

"This detailed explanation of metal hydrogen production almost three hundred years later actually uses the simplest and most direct way to make metal hydrogen!""

Chen Chong couldn't help thinking of a video he saw on the Pili Pili video website before about compressing water infinitely.

At that time, Chen Chong was still a liberal arts student through and through. He didn't know much about this kind of pure science video, so he could only watch it for fun.

Then watch the debates of various "big guys" in the comment area.

But now, he has become the chief technology engineer of Dongguo, and he has a new understanding of the infinite compression of water.

Water is made up of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms.

The mass of an atom is mainly concentrated in the nucleus, but the volume of the nucleus is very, very small.

If an atom is the size of a football field, its nucleus is only the size of an ant lying in the middle of the football field.

In terms of volume, the volume of an atom is 1,000 billion times larger than the volume of an atomic nucleus!

Moreover, the volume of electrons running around the nucleus is infinitesimal.

Therefore, most of the atoms in the middle are voids, which of course can be compressed.

Usually water cannot be compressed because the nuclei and electrons are both charged, and when approached, they generate strong repulsive forces (including degenerate pressures).

Water is difficult to compress, but not completely incompressible.

The detailed explanation of the metal hydrogen production purchased by Chen Chong The following is the information of the metal hydrogen production equipment.

Through some special equipment, it is possible to compress the water.

Within 10,000 atmospheres, the volume of water hardly changes.

But when the pressure on the water reaches 150,000 atmospheres.

A cube of water of 1mx1mx1m will become 0.99mx0.99mx0.99m, and the volume of water will only shrink by 1 millionth.

Of course, nothing will happen at this time, water is still water, and there is no major change.

Nothing will happen this time.

If you continue to increase the pressure, pressurize to 450,000 atmospheres.

The distance between water molecules is shortened, and the covalent bonds within the molecules are broken.

The hydrogen atoms then spin in the liquid state, and some of the electrons are freed from the nuclei.

At this time the water will change color, from transparent to opaque and black.

What is black water? Still water, still essentially unchanged.

If you continue to pressurize to 4.8 million atmospheres, this pressure has exceeded the 3.8 million atmospheres at the center of the earth.

At this time, the water will suddenly change from black to shiny, and the electrons outside the nucleus will become electrons in the metal, which is called metallic hydrogen!

Such enormous pressure, in modern times, can only be achieved with a diamond anvil.

This is also what the equipment purchased by Chen Chong for preparing metal hydrogen can easily do.

If metal hydrogen cannot be mass-produced, how can metal hydrogen be used as a fuel that can be sold?

Moreover, obtaining metallic hydrogen in the process of compressing water is just one of the steps that Chen Chong wants to accomplish.

Because, 4.8 million atmospheres, is the limit that mechanical pressure on earth can achieve.

This pressure is also present in Jupiter's interior, so Jupiter has a large clump of metallic hydrogen inside.

But even compressed to this extent, hydrogen atoms are nowhere close to being able to produce nuclear fusion.

If you can continue to pressurize to 300 billion atmospheres.

This is the pressure inside the sun.

At this time, the volume of the water will be reduced to 1% of the original.

A water cube with a side length of 1mx1mx1m will be compressed into a water cube of 0.22mx0.22mx0.22m!

If the water at this time (of course it is no longer water at this time, it is still called that way for convenience) is still maintained at room temperature, nuclear fusion will still not occur.

Because at this time the distance between the nucleus and the nucleus is still very huge, and there is a strong Coulomb repulsion between them.

Maintaining a pressure of 300 billion atmospheres while heating the water to 15 million degrees produces extremely slow nuclear fusion!

Achieving such high pressure and temperature on Earth requires the light pressure of a laser.

This device is usually used to simulate a nuclear explosion. The simulation device in the East is called Shenguang, and the one in the United States is called the National Ignition Device.

The United States National Ignition Facility, located in California, full name: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy National Ignition Facility, referred to as NF.

The device uses 192 lasers to project beams onto a tiny glass sphere containing fusion material in the middle of the target chamber, generating extremely high temperatures and pressures that ignite the fusion material.

Of course, today's human beings cannot exert 300 billion atmospheres of pressure on water.

The only thing that can be done is to generate a high temperature of 100 million degrees and a pressure of 100 billion atmospheres in the focusing center of the laser, which can trigger nuclear fusion.

This is the highest pressure and temperature that a human can create, and only in this case will the water explode.

Continue to increase the pressure, compress one cubic meter of water into a small ball with a radius of 1.68*10^-26 meters, and the water will become a ton-level miniature black hole, which will swallow the earth.

However, this is not possible with technology on Earth.

In theory, the European Hadron Collider could create extremely tiny black holes, but because the mass is too small, the black holes evaporate quickly.

Why is Chen Chong willing to spend so much money on this metal hydrogen engine (Zhao Nuo's)?

It is because the process of developing metallic hydrogen is also the process of developing nuclear fusion.

Both are performed simultaneously.

Harness the power of the stars..

It is a dream that mankind has been trying to achieve for many years.

Of course, if water is compressed with 300 billion atmospheres and heated to 15 million degrees, nuclear fusion can be achieved.

But in fact, this is not the end.

Nuclear fusion can go on and on.

Even 200 of the periodic table can be fused.

But after the seventh period, the pure time of the elements is basically very short.

How short is the donkey?

Nanosecond police!

So it's not that there is no 8th cycle, but that the elements of the 8th cycle are basically useless and disappear as soon as they are born!

Human beings have a long, long way to go to achieve controllable nuclear fusion, and the elements of the eighth cycle are even further away!

However, with the existence of Chen Chong, these technologies can be realized in one go!