Magus Tech (Technological Wizard)

Eyes closed.

After opening it slowly, Li Cha saw that he was already in outer space, surrounded by many bright stars.

With a thought, the stars approached quickly, and his body fell towards one of the planets.

There is an ocean on the planet, an island on the ocean, a forest on the island, and a magnificent conjoined library in the forest. Not long after, he had already entered the library and sat in a purple hall in the library.

In the hall stood many mahogany bookshelves more than three meters high, filled with books. A long-necked turtle statue took a heavy book from the bookshelf and placed it in front of him.

Stretching out his hand to open it, he saw what was on it—the technology for making an atomic bomb①.

The manufacture of an atomic bomb is both difficult and easy to say.

At the beginning, when the first atomic bomb was manufactured, the most powerful country on earth used all the technology it possessed, tens of thousands of people served it, and a large number of top scientists in the whole world participated in it. It took several years to succeed.

Before its success, the atomic bomb was undoubtedly the most advanced creation in the world.

But when the atomic bomb was created, it began to fall from the clouds. The top technology became an outdated theoretical basis, and the difficulty changed from extremely high to very low. Almost anyone can repeat it. The main reason is that when the first atomic bomb was manufactured, no one knew whether it would be successful, and a lot of energy and material resources were invested in trial and error and verification to study whether this road would work.

Once the road is confirmed to be passable, then all the obstacles on the road are no longer obstacles, at most they are some pebbles, and the unattainable technology has become a craft that ordinary technicians can manipulate , the difficulty has changed from unimaginable before, plummeting to nothing more than that.

This is the power of science.

The initial breakthrough was as difficult as hell, but after the breakthrough, it became a smooth road. Things that were once produced with difficulty by top scientists can be reproduced by randomly finding a few physics-educated students in the university, using completely public knowledge, and having enough raw materials.

This is not a metaphor, but a fact.

The country that first produced the atomic bomb on earth really tested it in this way, and then knew that the atomic bomb technology cannot be completely blocked. The only thing that can be blocked is at most the raw materials.

Technology is like this, you don’t need to know what it is,

It is enough to know whether it can be achieved.

Therefore, the manufacture of an atomic bomb is both difficult and easy. The difficult thing is the beginning, and the easy thing is everything after the beginning.

According to the principle, the key to the manufacture of atomic bombs lies in the critical mass problem.

Atomic bombs are different from conventional bombs. Conventional bombs have no critical mass problem, and the amount of explosives is not limited. You can load as much as you want. But the atomic bomb is not good. Once the nuclear material in the atomic bomb reaches the critical mass, or even exceeds the critical mass, it will be in a dangerous state where nuclear explosions may occur at any time.

In order to prevent accidents or accidents such as self-explosion of nuclear weapons before use, when atomic bombs are stored, it is necessary to ensure that the nuclear materials loaded inside are below the critical mass, that is, in a state of subcritical mass.

And when it is actually put into use, the nuclear material loaded inside must reach a situation that exceeds the critical mass by a large amount in a very short period of time, that is, the supercritical state. Only in this way can we ensure that during the fission chain reaction, the number of free neutrons proliferates up to the standard, efficiently utilize nuclear materials, and release the expected destructive power.

An atomic bomb can only be considered a qualified atomic bomb if it solves the problem of "crossover" of the critical mass.

In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to know that the critical mass is related to the geometric shape and physical density of the nuclear material. If a piece of supercritical nuclear material is divided into multiple pieces, it becomes subcritical, or if its volume increases and its density decreases, it will also become subcritical.

What the atomic bomb needs to do is to divide the nuclear material in the bomb body into several pieces. When in use, the internal device can instantly pile up several pieces of nuclear material to reach supercriticality, and then provide a neutron source to activate the continuous nuclear chain reaction. produce a nuclear explosion.

The most important word in this is fast.

It has to be fast, it has to be very fast.

Because the time for the nuclear explosion to occur is very short, it is necessary to ensure that the detonation is extremely fast, otherwise the bomb will be detonated before it is fully detonated, and the remaining precious nuclear materials will be wasted.

Generally speaking, the detonation should be completed within one ten-thousandth of a second. When different nuclear materials are squeezed together, the time difference should be shortened to a few millionths of a second, so that there will be no big difference in the explosion of the atomic bomb. .

If this can be achieved, then the atomic bomb will complete its mission in three tremors and release a mushroom cloud of destruction.

Tremor is a term invented when the first atomic bomb was manufactured. A tremor is only one-hundredth of a second, and the light can only travel a distance of three meters during this period of time.

Three tremors, light travels nine meters in a vacuum, and one atomic bomb does it all from start to finish.

It's just that short.

It is short to the extreme, which is why it makes the power terrifying to the extreme.

...

The manufacture of a qualified internal device of an atomic bomb involves a variety of knowledge such as detonation physics, fluid mechanics, shock wave dynamics, high temperature and high pressure condensed matter physics, etc.

Generally, this internal device is composed of detonation control system, high-energy explosive, reflective layer, nuclear components containing nuclear material, and neutron source.

The detonation control system is responsible for detonating the high-energy explosive layer, and then using the impact force of the explosion to push and squeeze the reflective layer and nuclear components, so that the nuclear material reaches a supercritical state. At this time, the neutron source provides neutrons for "ignition", allowing the nuclear material to start a continuous nuclear chain reaction and successfully triggering a nuclear explosion.

Conventionally, internal devices are divided into two types: gun type, and implosion type.

The internal device of the gun type is relatively simple, and generally only two nuclear materials of subcritical mass are needed.

The whole device looks like a cylinder, or an iron pipe. There is a neutron source in the middle of the iron pipe, and a hemispherical nucleation material is placed at each end of the iron pipe—the plane faces inward, and the spherical face faces outward.

The outer spherical surface of the hemispherical nucleation material is wrapped with a reflective layer that reflects neutrons (used to reflect neutrons and improve the efficiency of the continuous nuclear chain reaction), and then install high-speed explosives, boosters, detonators, detonator.

Once the device is activated, under the explosive force of the explosive, the two hemispherical nucleation materials will move towards the center, collide in a very short time, squeeze into an oblate sphere, and reach a supercritical state. At this time, the neutron source will release a large number of neutrons, which will cause a continuous nuclear chain reaction of nuclear materials and trigger a nuclear explosion.

The advantage of this device is that it has relatively low technical content and is easy to manufacture. The disadvantage is that the utilization rate of nuclear materials is also low. Because when it reaches the supercritical state, the nuclear material is not over-extruded, and it is the normal state density. In other words, the atoms are not dense enough. It is like pushing two hundreds of students together on the playground. Although the standard is met, it is only up to the standard, and the continuous nuclear chain reaction is not fast enough.

On the earth, the first atomic bomb used in actual combat by a certain major country was such a gun-type device. Because the technology is simple, even nuclear tests were not done, and it was used directly. The effect is very touching. The nuclear raw material loading is as high as 64 kg, and the utilization rate is only 1.2%—yes, 1.2%. The remaining 98.8% is wasted, and the power equivalent of TNT is only 15,000 tons.

Note ①: All the technical knowledge of atomic bomb manufacturing involved in this article comes from the official website of the China Academy of Engineering Physics, Wikipedia and other online public information, as well as publicly published books such as "Shocking Nuclear Network".

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