Material Empire: Start Cans For Airplanes

Wafer industry bases do not simply invest in production lines to see products.

The production of twelve-inch diameter silicon ingots is an extremely magical process.

When the media reported, it was as simple as possible.

Simply make silicon ingots out of sand and you're done.

But, the real idea is to turn the sand into silicon ingots, which are then cut into wafers.

It requires extremely precise controls.

Every step is a high crystallization of human wisdom, almost impossible.

The first is silicon purification.

Put the sand and gravel raw material into an electric arc furnace with a temperature of about 2000°C and a carbon source.

At high temperature, carbon and silicon dioxide in the sand react chemically (carbon and oxygen are combined to leave silicon), and pure silicon with a purity of about 98% is obtained, also known as metallurgical grade silicon.

This is not pure enough for microelectronic devices because the electrical properties of semiconductor materials are very sensitive to the concentration of impurities.

Further purification of metallurgical-grade silicon: chlorination reaction of pulverized metallurgical-grade silicon with gaseous hydrogen chloride to generate liquid silane.

Then through distillation and chemical reduction process, high-purity polysilicon is obtained.

Its purity is as high as 99.**%, becoming electronic grade silicon.

Next comes the growth of monocrystalline silicon.

The most commonly used method is called the Czochralski method: high-purity polysilicon is placed in a quartz crucible and is continuously heated with a graphite heater surrounded by the outside.

The temperature is maintained at about 1400°C.

The gas in the furnace is usually an inert gas that melts the polysilicon without causing unwanted chemical reactions.

In order to form single crystal silicon, it is also necessary to control the orientation of the crystal.

The crucible is rotating with the polysilicon melt, a seed crystal is immersed in it, and the seed crystal is rotated in the opposite direction by the drawing rod.

Simultaneously, it is slowly and vertically pulled upwards from the silicon melt.

The molten polysilicon will stick to the bottom of the seed crystal and grow continuously according to the direction of the seed crystal lattice arrangement.

Therefore, the directionality of the grown crystal is determined by the seed crystal.

After it is pulled and cooled, it grows into a single crystal silicon rod with the same lattice direction as the seed crystal.

After growing by the Czochralski method, the single crystal rod will be cut to the appropriate size and then ground.

Grind away the concave and convex cut marks, and then use a chemical mechanical polishing process to make at least one side as smooth as a mirror.

Wafer fabrication is complete.

The diameter of a single crystal silicon rod is determined by the speed at which the seed crystal is pulled out and the rotation speed.

The slower the pull-up rate, the larger the diameter of the grown single crystal silicon rod.

The thickness of the cut wafer is related to the diameter.

Although the fabrication of semiconductor devices is only done within a few microns of the top of the wafer.

However, the thickness of the wafer generally needs to reach 1 mm to ensure sufficient mechanical stress support.

Therefore, the thickness of the wafer will increase with the increase of the diameter.

The wafer manufacturing plant melts these polysilicon, then seeds the seed crystal in the melt, and then slowly pulls it out to form a cylindrical monocrystalline silicon rod.

Since the silicon crystal rod is gradually generated in the molten silicon raw material by a seed crystal whose crystal plane orientation is determined.

This process is called "long ~" crystallization.

The silicon ingot is then cut into sections, tumbled, sliced, chamfered, polished, and laser engraved.

After packaging, it becomes the basic raw material of integrated circuit factories - silicon wafers.

This is the "wafer".

Fearing that the four bosses would regard the wafer industry as a money-making project, Su Hao had no choice but to introduce the entire production process in detail.

It involves more sci-fi content such as chemical mechanical grinding, which made the four bosses look fascinated.

"It turns out that turning sand into wafers is so troublesome?"

One of the bosses didn't stop talking, and he lost his composure and said the exclamation hidden in his heart.

"It's not troublesome or not troublesome!"

Su Hao held his forehead in pain: Young master wasted half a day spitting.

"Whether it is temperature control, or material ratio, or chemical mechanical grinding in the later stage, it is the same black technology as manufacturing robots."

"Any flaw in any link will affect the quality and output of the product."

"Let's put it more bluntly."

"If you want to make money in the wafer industry and defeat the three major wafer industry giants, you must do a good job in quality management and follow-up research and development in every link.

He regretted it a little.

Communicating technical matters with such purely administrative or financial management personnel is a big mistake in itself.

Fortunately, at the last moment, he suddenly realized the key point: whether to make money is the issue that the bosses care about.

"Su Dong, you have said so earlier, you will have it!"

The boss of CCB patted his thigh and sighed: "You are a clean room, and you are chemically mechanically ground. How do we know these key points?"

"You are in charge of technical matters, and we only invest money and dividends."

The other three bosses also nodded in agreement.

Discussing technical topics with scientists is scary!

It's like listening to a bible.

When it comes to shares and operations, the speed of negotiations is unbelievable.

The four bosses did not deliberately pursue absolute holdings.

The semiconductor industry group jointly invested by the two parties took a very traditional name - Xingzhong Electronic Technology Group.

Weihua Holding Group accounts for 53% of the shares, and Zhongxing Holding Group, jointly established by the four major banks, accounts for 47% of the shares, with financial supervision and operation supervision.

In view of the shortage of management talents, Su Hao made a request.

Let the four major banks provide management talents, and Weihua Group only sends a professional manager to manage the operation of the enterprise.

After working until midnight, it was considered that the content of the framework agreement was properly negotiated.

After seeing off the four bosses, Bi Xifeng came to Su Hao's side and reported lightly:||Su Dong, a guy who claimed to be the chief engineer of Sony Lithium-ion Battery Company came here a week ago, and he has been standing outside the door begging to meet. "

The little devil is here?

Su Hao asked in surprise: "From the very first day, I started to talk about it, what's going on?"

The boss was very interested in the old devil, and Bi Xifeng didn't dare to hide it, so he hurriedly confessed.

A week ago, when it was getting dark, a polite old gentleman came to Shijia Alley.

Claiming to be the chief engineer of Sony Lithium-ion Battery Company (Li Zhao) - Taiji Yoshino.

Open your mouth and shut your mouth and ask to see the scientist who developed the lithium-ion battery developed by Weihua Holding Group.

It is said that there are technical problems and want to communicate.

Wang Hongmei didn't like the little devil, so she asked the security guard to carry him out of the alley and throw him on the street.

The boss likes to do it, and she has a similar problem.

Unexpectedly, Yoshino Taiji not only did not leave, but instead stood at the entrance of the alley waiting for Su Hao every day.

The road outside the alley was not her own, so Wang Hongmei could only watch the old devil waiting on the side of the road.

Love to stand!

It doesn't matter, as long as you have good physical strength, the cold wind in the capital will let you know how to behave.

It's December.

The whirring north wind is no joke.

In the end, Professor Meng couldn't see it, so he called Bi Xifeng to ask Su Hao for instructions.

PS: My tooth is pulled out, and my head is still hurting... The update is less in these two days, I hope the masters understand. .