Meet the principal

The photoelectric effect refers to a special and interesting phenomenon discovered by Mr. Ludwig Stein a few years ago. When light shines on a metal sheet, a subtle electric current will be generated on the metal sheet. The initial explanation , the mages believe that light has energy, and this energy is transferred to the metal sheet through irradiation, resulting in the generation of electric current. {щww{suimеng][lā}

However, Mr. Stein discovered in the experiment that the current generated by the light shining on the metal sheet does not change with the change of the light intensity. This is contrary to the wave theory of light, because as we all know, if light is a wave, then Light with stronger illumination intensity naturally has more energy, which will lead to stronger current, but the experimental phenomenon goes against this.

At the same time, according to the wave theory of light, if the intensity of the incident light is weak, it will take longer to accumulate enough energy to fly out of the metal surface. However, the actual situation is that as long as the light can generate current, no matter how strong the light is, If it is weak, electric current will be generated immediately, which is another contradiction with the wave theory of light.

Lord Stein used different types of light to illuminate metal sheets and found that different types of light caused different current intensities. From this, he gave the explanation that light is composed of particles, and different types of light are composed of different particles. , these particles carry different energies, so different currents are generated.

Since then, Mr. Stein has become a staunch supporter of the particle theory of light. The debate on the nature of light continues to this day, and there is still no conclusion.

Reiner is going to repeat this experiment today.

However, with the memory of the earth, he naturally has some direction.

In the laboratory, Reiner had arranged the experimental equipment in advance, the most important of which were several light-generating arrays.

These light-generating arrays can generate light with stable colors within a certain range. They are usually used for stage effects and are rarely used for magic experiments.

Reiner has checked these light-generating arrays. They are actually capable of producing light with stable frequencies. Reiner set them up in a dark room and used them as light sources for photoelectric effect experiments.

There are also several types of metal foils available for use in control experiments.

The entire experiment was conducted in a vacuum darkroom. The specially treated metal sheet will not be oxidized and cause current errors. At the same time, in addition to the metal sheet, there is a thin plate with a variable voltage. The electrons will be transferred between the two plates. By moving between thin plates and applying a voltage to them, the electrons ejected by the photoelectric effect can slow down from the beginning. If the speed of the electrons is exactly zero when they arrive at the thin plates, then according to Newington-Holland Equation, from the applied voltage, calculates the energy carried by the electron when it is ejected.

Lehner called this voltage the arresting voltage.

By studying the frequency of irradiating light and the energy of generated electrons, we can try to establish a set of curves to verify Mr. Stein's energy discontinuity theory.

Reiner used the hands of a mage to operate the experiment while recording the data. He conducted several sets of controlled experiments on metal sheets of different materials and the same light, as well as different lights and the same material. A morning passed before he completed the experiment. about a quarter of the experimental volume.

After having some lunch in the cafeteria, Reiner returned to the laboratory to continue. It was not until late at night that he finally measured all the experimental data.

After hurriedly sorting out the experimental records, Reiner returned to the office. It was already midnight, and the next day was a day off. The lights in the student dormitory were not turned off, and a few rays of light could still be seen.

The dim campus was silent. Reiner sat at his desk. Papers recording experimental data floated up, allowing Reiner to quickly calculate.

According to Lord Stein's theory explaining blackbody radiation, quantum energy is discontinuous, and its value is an integer multiple of the product of Stein's constant and the quantum vibration frequency. Reiner hypothesized that light is also a kind of quantum, named light quantum. The energy carried by light is the product of the frequency of light and Stein's constant.

At the same time, the voltage applied on the thin plate to make the ejected electron speed become zero and the calculated energy are compared with the calculation results of Stein's formula to draw a curve to verify the value of Stein's constant.

Reiner selected six types of light with different frequencies, measured their photocurrents at different voltages, and then drew a curve image between voltage and photocurrent, and then obtained the measured light under a certain frequency from the image. The arresting voltage of the metal foil.

Therefore, the six frequencies correspond to six different blocking voltages. Once again, an image is made based on this coordinate, which happens to be a beautiful straight line!

This means that the energy of a photon is linearly related to the frequency of light, and by calculating the slope of the straight line, the value of Stein's constant can be obtained very accurately.

This means that the energy carried by light quantum is indeed not continuous, but discrete.

Mr. Stein's theory of energy discontinuity has been proven!

Reiner felt something throbbing in his heart, which was a sign of the world's feedback, but he did not rush into a meditative state, but continued to write hard.

"Light is composed of photons. The energy of each quantum that makes up the light beam is equal to the vibration frequency of the photon multiplied by Stein's constant. If the frequency of the photon is greater than a certain limit frequency, then this photon has enough energy to make a The electrons escape, causing the photoelectric effect.”

"This is the principle explanation of the photoelectric effect. From this, we can see that in the photoelectric effect, light exhibits obvious particle nature."

"Light is also a particle."

Putting down his pen, Reiner took a deep breath.

Buzz——

In an instant, Reiner felt a surging tide rushing towards him.

He seemed to be standing on a cliff by the sea, with huge waves rising from the boundless ocean in front of him.

In the cloudy sky, thunder and lightning snake like snakes, flickering on and off thousands of times in the blink of an eye.

Facing the storm, Reiner closed his eyes slightly, stepped forward, and took one step into the void.

He did not fall into the sea, but stood firmly in the air. The surrounding rough waves tried to destroy him, and the thunder crashed, trying to knock him down.

But Reiner was not defeated by these dangers, but slowly opened his eyes.

Buzz——

Taking this as an opportunity, a ripple spread, and wherever the ripple touched, everything became quiet.

In the hazy sky, a beam of light fell.

This light shone on Reiner, warm and dazzling, and a trace of lightning appeared next to Reiner.

The thunder gradually grew stronger and turned into a giant dragon, circling around Reiner.

Raising his hand, the thunder suddenly disappeared. At the same time, the world in Reiner's field of vision began to change.

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