Meet the principal

Faced with Lord Dmitri's question, Reiner remained silent. {щww{suimеng][lā}

Claire looked at Reiner uneasily. She saw Reiner seemed to be thinking, and after about a minute, he spoke.

"To be precise, President Dmitry, I think the photoelectric effect reflects the particle nature of light."

He seemed to be repeating unnecessary words, but it made the two high-level mages think a lot.

"Particle nature?"

Mr. Field noticed the peculiarity in Reiner's words and asked.

"You mean, light has the properties of particles, but it is not a particle?"

"I'm not sure about my guess yet. As we all know, light can interfere and diffract, which are the characteristics of waves. However, in the photoelectric effect, light also exhibits the characteristics of particles. This is the reason for everyone's dispute. According to the razor principle, We shouldn't assume that light is complex, so the debate is about which side light belongs to."

Reiner considered the words and said that he could not yet conclude the wave-particle duality of light, so he did not dare to propose this concept.

Even the most knowledgeable high-level mage must not be able to quickly accept the crazy idea that light is both a wave and a particle. What's more, the two groups have been arguing for a long time, and they definitely don't want an ambiguous answer.

"But isn't it possible that light is a wave with particle properties, or a particle with wave properties?"

Reiner's words were like a bolt from the blue, making the two high-level mages stunned.

"Such a substance has not been discovered so far."

Mr. Field said with some bitterness that alchemy mages are at the forefront of analyzing substances, but there is no substance that has two properties at the same time as Reiner said.

Defining is often harder than discovering because this will serve as a baseline.

"Yeah, but at least the photoelectric effect verifies that light has the characteristics of particles, and at the same time proves the correctness of Stein's formula and Stein's constant."

Reiner nodded. He currently lacks certain means to verify it, but he already knows about another application of Stein's formula.

"The theory of energy discontinuity is correct,

It can be verified, Your Excellencies, I think this theory can solve a problem we are currently encountering. "

Continuing to argue about whether light is a wave or a particle yielded no results, so Reiner brought up another study.

"what is the problem?"

President Demetri has not yet recovered from the speculation that Reiner inadvertently mentioned. The wave theory and particle theory of light have been going on for many years. Unless there is clear evidence, it is difficult for mages to accept the possession of light. of the characteristics of both.

Hearing that Reiner had a new idea, President Dmitri stopped worrying and asked hurriedly.

"Problems Concerning Atomic Models."

Reiner moved his finger slightly, and the Stein's formula and the photoelectric corresponding equation that originally appeared in mid-air immediately disappeared, and turned into an atomic model.

In this model, the atomic nucleus is a small point, and on the periphery, countless electrons fly and move in a circle around the atomic nucleus. This is the atomic nucleus model derived from the current theory.

"This is the atomic model now recognized by mages. It can basically explain the problems that occurred in the gold foil experiment, but it also leaves some questions."

Reiner said, making the two elemental masters nod slightly.

"First of all, in this model, the trajectory of electrons cannot be confirmed. Although the theoretical orbit can be calculated through mass and charge, it cannot explain why the properties of the element will change periodically if the electrons are distributed in the same orbit. a little."

This question is very simple. The properties of elements will be periodic, so atoms of elements with similar properties must be similar in some places. However, if the masses of atomic nuclei are different, we can only find the rules from the electrons.

If electrons are in the same orbital sphere, then which electron is in which orbit, how to determine this, and how different elements rely on to form periodicity, these are all unresolved questions.

Some people also speculate that electrons are like planets orbiting a star, dispersed in different orbits without interfering with each other, but this cannot explain why these electrons are so peaceful.

Another point is that according to the Newington-Holland equations, when electrons orbit the nucleus, they will inevitably release electromagnetic waves. At the same time, the energy of the electrons will gradually decrease, and eventually they will fall to the nucleus and be destroyed. But this Contrary to experimental phenomena, atoms do not experience a rapid decrease in electrons.

Finally, when performing spectral analysis on the atoms of some elements, the mages found that the spectra of these atoms showed several clear spectral lines, which was contrary to the statement that the electron orbits were consistent.

"Do you have any idea?"

Mr. Field has also done some research on atomic models. He feels deeply about these problems. His intuition tells Mr. Field that he may need some new ideas or theories to solve these problems.

“I was thinking about whether we could apply the energy discontinuity theory to the atomic model.”

Reiner said, waving his finger, and the original atomic model immediately changed. Although the electrons were still orbiting the nucleus, many layers had been separated.

"The energy of microscopic particles cannot be changed continuously, so electrons are actually distributed in several certain orbits. Movement in this orbit will not lose energy, nor can it gain energy. It is a stable state. According to calculations, it is closest to the nucleus. The electrons farther away have the lowest energy, while those farther away have the highest energy.”

Listening to Reiner's explanation, the two high-level mages were stunned. They knew the energy discontinuity theory and the atomic model, but they did not expect that the two could be combined in this way.

"When electrons gain energy, they change their orbit and move outward. This movement I call a transition. Obviously, as the energy changes during the transition, energy will inevitably be released or absorbed in the form of electromagnetic waves. I think the relationship between the wavelength and energy of this electromagnetic wave should be able to satisfy Stein’s constant.”

In fact, this is also the explanation of the photoelectric effect in the atomic model, Reiner added.

Without leaving much time to think, Reiner continued speaking vigorously.

"At the same time, the periodicity of the element should be related to the outer arrangement of electrons. If we perform spectral analysis on it, through the wavelength of the spectral line, we should be able to determine the orbit of each electron and perform calculations. If Stein's formula is satisfied, then This conjecture can be confirmed.”

President Dmitri and Mr. Field understood the connotation almost as soon as they heard the series of theories and verification methods that Reiner mentioned.

The two looked at each other, then looked at Reiner.

"We're going to experiment now."