New Shun 1730

After talking about returning to Jiuzhou, Li Han became silent.

The silence was not because it was difficult or inconvenient to say, but because he needed to figure out what Liu Yu meant first.

It is said that the internal stability must be stabilized first, and the foundation must be consolidated, and then the technique can be completed.

So, do you mean to be an imperial conservative with no bottom line?

Or do you have some ideas about "consolidating the foundation" and are not too conservative?

Of course there is a difference.

The former means that business as usual, no changes, no fuss, and no ambitions of coups or anything like that, is the foundation.

The meaning of the latter... inevitably means that we should continue to reform, innovate, and even solve many internal problems, rather than standing still.

Since Liu Yu said he wanted to talk about "free trade", this issue becomes even more complicated.

Li Han thought carefully for a while and then said: "The government talks a lot about free trade. The country may not know much about it, but I have been in Europe for a long time and I know that the 'greater meaning' of the previous alliance with France and the United Kingdom was 'free trade' ”

"When talking about free trade, we have to mention the so-called 'invisible hand'. In other words: the circulation of money, wealth, and commodities is 'the right way, but not the right way'."

"In the past, Chao Cuo said: Merchants use their luck to win, travel to the city every day, and take advantage of emergencies, and they will sell twice as much... As a result, merchants become extremely rich and annex land."

"So, does this count as the invisible hand?"

"There are also scholar-bureaucrats in this dynasty who said: All kinds of industries are inferior to land. When dynasties change, the land of the Zhang family will still belong to the Zhang family, and the land of the Li family will still belong to the Li family. As for industry and commerce, the capital will be lost at every turn. But if you buy land, the land will always remain. So all the wealth flows to the land.”

"So, does this count as the invisible hand?"

"Moreover, if you have wealth, in addition to buying land, you can either make loans and collect rent, or borrow money to earn profits. The profits are many times that of industry."

"So, does this count as the invisible hand?"

Land annexation is not unique to Dashun.

There are many reasons why Europe didn’t have it before. In addition to the issue of land ownership, there are also reasons such as insufficient yield per mu, resulting in no residual value to be extracted from the annexed land.

Historically, after the French Revolution, land annexation began rapidly. Only then was there room for action. As Lao Ma said, originally the nobles were riding on the heads of the peasants, but after the land was divided, what was riding on the peasants were loan sharks, mortgages, and a series of new things that were not available before. thing.

The economic base determines the superstructure.

Ridge farming, single-ox plowing, and blast furnace iron were the basis for land annexation and small-scale peasant ownership.

Without these things, "merger" itself is a "luxury desire" that is divorced from the economic foundation and productivity.

Li Hao asked whether land annexation, loan sharking, buying land and collecting rents are considered "invisible hands"?

This question is exactly on point.

Since Li Han didn't understand what Liu Yu meant before, he didn't read two lines of poetry.

Now, Liu Yu asked about free trade, the invisible hand, and talked about the "consolidation" of Dashun, as well as the issue of "land annexation" that is impossible to avoid when talking about the consolidation of Dashun.

Li Han finally read a poem.

Three generations of common people have no different wealth from public to private.

The human master is good at handling the handle, just like the sky holding the leader.

Giving everything is one's own, annexing it is betrayal.

There will be punishment for traitors, but there will be no power.

Later generations began to hold the position in reverse, and it was difficult to decide the head of Guizhou.

The King of Qin didn't know this, so he built Huaiqing Tower.

The days of propriety and righteousness have been stolen, and the Bible has been lost for a long time.

If the Dharma still exists, it will be said when you want to speak.

The common officials don't know the recipe, so they use it as material.

Confucianism does not know how to change, but mergers can be invincible.

There are hundreds of sharp holes, and the villain's privacy is open.

If there are officials to fight against, the people will be even more pitiful.

After reading it, Li Han smiled bitterly and said: "King Shu wrote this poem to talk about the harm of annexation."

"Su Ziyou said: Wang Jiefu, a little husband. He couldn't bear the poor, but he was deeply concerned about enriching the people and benefiting the poor, not knowing that he couldn't do it. Fang Qi failed to achieve his ambition, which is the poem "Merge", and when he succeeded, he used this as his poem thing……"

"The disasters caused by the subsequent reform all originated from this poem."

"No poetry disease in the past has ever been as severe as this"

Talking about this very famous poem in history, which is even regarded as Wang Anshi's political tendency revealed before he succeeded, it is inevitable for conservatives to say that the bane of the political reform was reflected in this poem.

"However, what Su Ziyou said actually means there is another half."

"If the rich can be content with their wealth without being overbearing, the poor with peace, and the poor without being destitute, and the rich and the poor can remain in stalemate for a long time, then the world will be settled..."

"My father is wise and powerful, and he uses the method of dividing the internal and external areas, which is what Wang Jinggong and Su Ziyou want. Each will get half."

"We first sent out to the provinces, taking half of what Su Ziyou said, that is, if we can make the rich people be content with their wealth without being overbearing, and the poor people with peace, and be poor without being in need, then the rich and the poor can remain in stalemate for a long time, and the world will be settled... …”

"In other provinces, those who can take this meaning are only because the situation allows it."

"Once you come, facing the sea, you can go to Guandong, sail to Nanyang, or even cross Fusang eastward."

"Secondly, expanding the military, preparing for war, and seizing the market can also make the rich invest and the poor contribute, thus creating a long-lasting stalemate between the rich and the poor."

"As for introspection, Su Ziyou is not advisable, but Wang Jinggong is advisable. There are two main reasons."

"First of all, the four regions are densely populated. It is impossible to break into Guandong and go to Nanyang. It is even extremely difficult to go to the Western Regions without the government's finances. If annexation is carried out, the people will lose their land, which may be the case in the last years of the previous dynasty."

"Secondly, if there is no overseas market, how can the internal market accommodate so many people? The average per capita land is only two to three acres, and the food produced by each person is only three to five hundred kilograms. If it is not enough for oneself, how can one get food in exchange? ? If there is no exchange, then to develop industry and commerce, who will the goods be sold to?”

Li Han has followed Liu Yu for a long time, and has inevitably heard many "weird words" from Liu Yu's mouth, as well as some truths that sound a bit convoluted.

It's probably like being in an abalone shop and not paying attention to its smell for a long time.

This "methodology" has gradually become closer to Liu Yu's.

But after all, he is not as low-end cultural level as Liu Yu. He has received a complete traditional education in the palace. He said: "Zhuangzi said: The disease is caused by the heart, and the inside is wrinkled. The ugly inside is beautiful when others see it. When the rich people see it, they will not come out; when the poor people see it, they will grab their wives and run away. "

"Actually, it's the same truth. The Duke has also said this before."

"Dong Shi, you can imitate Xi Shi's frown. But, can Dong Shi transfer Xi Shi's beauty to his own body?"

"Same."

"The inland provinces can imitate the policies of the coastal provinces. However, can the inland provinces transfer the maritime transportation conditions, external markets, immigration convenience and other conditions of the coastal provinces to themselves?"

"What Zhuangzi said is the story of Fusang immigrants told by the Duke of China in the past: a wealthy family can move assets, tools, cattle and horses, etc., to Fusang. However, he can move the per capita cultivated land, social relations, subordinate status, etc. Everything, move to Fuso?"

"He knows that the frown is beautiful, but he doesn't know why the frown is beautiful."

"Imitating the skills of others, carving a boat to find a sword, learning to walk in Handan... I think they are all similar."

"Of course the inland provinces can imitate the policies of the coastal provinces, just as Dong Shi can frown. However, Dong Shi cannot transfer the beauty of Xi Shi to himself, and similarly, the inland provinces cannot transfer various conditions to themselves ”

"So... I don't think that the reforms carried out by the Duke in Songsu, Northeast, Nanyang, and Shandong over the years can be transferred to Henan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and other places."

"That's why, regarding free trade, the invisible hand, etc... I really don't know what to say."

"In the past, Confucius asked Lao Dan about etiquette, and he thought hard about it for several months. Lao Dan said: The Six Classics of the Master are the traces of the previous kings, how can they not be traces of them! What Confucius said today is just the traces. The traces of the husband are the traces. Wherever you go, there are no traces left!”

"The scriptures are footprints. But they are not feet."

"Therefore, Lao Dan said, nature cannot be changed, destiny cannot be changed, time will not stop, and the road will not be blocked. If you truly achieve the Tao, you will not be hindered no matter where you go; if you lose the Tao, no matter where you go, This is the only way to go."

"I think I have yet to understand the true way of economics. And those who think that the Duke's reform methods are the true way are just that they know the beauty of frown, but don't know the reason why it is beautiful."

"In the past, King Jinggong knew Yinzhou and brought young crops to the country and benefited the people."

"Then spreading it across the country will cause great harm to the refugees."

"This is why the policy can be extended to the whole country, but the actual conditions in Yinzhou cannot be transferred to the whole country. In other words, Dong Shi can frown, but cannot transfer Xi Shi's beauty to himself."

"If you want to know what it is, you know why it is so; if you know its beauty, you know why it is beautiful; if you know it is rich, you know why it is rich...this is hard to say."

Speaking of this, Li Han did not hide anything anymore, and said: "Although our dynasty won the previous battle, it was difficult to win. The Duke had already begun to plan the alliance since he went to Nanyang that day to trap Rakshasa."

"Nearly thirty years before and after."

"In the end, with the size and population of this dynasty, we were able to defeat the United Kingdom, which had a population of only a few million."

"What's more, the British territory is small and the population is small, but the annual income is not much lower than that of this dynasty. If the Duke of the country did not advocate the invasion of India and kill Clive and others, if he levied land tax in India, it would only be I'm afraid that the British people's annual income will be twice that of this dynasty."

"Know its beauty, know the reason why it is beautiful; know its wealth, know the reason why it is rich."

"With such a small land and such a meager population, this country and France have joined forces and dare not land or fight decisively in the strait. It is difficult to say that this British policy is wrong."

"But if you are right..."

"Cotton Order, Shroud Order, Commodity Enumeration Act, Monopoly Order, Commodity Subsidy Act, Cotton Exemption Act, Tea Monopoly Act, Sugar Duty Act, Navigation Act, Religious Order, Irish Wool Act, Fuso Iron Order, Merchant Ship Registration Act, Militia Rotary garrison method... Are any of these related to 'free trade'?"

"Although it was defeated, it was defeated because its population was only a few million and its land was only one province. The enemies it encountered were the two great powers of the East and West, and even the Spanish navy in the end, but it was not defeated because it could not trade freely."

"So, even though I won this battle, I still have a lot of reflections."

"Chu didn't pay tribute to Baomao, so he attacked it. Chu didn't pay tribute to Baomao, so Ying didn't practice "free trade," so he attacked it. It's okay to use this 'righteousness', but it's not necessarily true if you believe in this righteousness..."