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The strategic position of Hanzhong is important because of its geographical environment. Hanzhong borders Guanzhong to the north, connects to Bashu to the south, and travels along the Han River to the west to reach Jingxiang. As long as Hanzhong is acquired, whether it is going south to attack Bashu, or traveling thousands of miles north into the Guanzhong Plain, or working hard to the west and attacking Jingxiang with the water army, it is all within the mind of the owner. The premise is that Hanzhong is not alone.

The road to the outside of Hanzhong generally consists of five mountain roads and one waterway. There are three roads to the north of Hanzhong. From west to east, they are "Old Road to Shu", "Baoxie Road", and "Ziwu Road". The "Old Road of Entering Shu" can go directly to Longxi. The Shu army attacked Yongdu on this mountain road. "Bao Xie Road" travels north along Baoshui, and you can reach Youfufeng in Si Li. "Ziwu Road" is even a shortcut. After flipping through the high mountains, when the mountains are all over, there is a map of Pingchuan in front of you, and the city of Chang'an is in front of you.

The value of the "Old Road into Shu" is that it connects the three geographical units of Guanzhong, Western Hanzhong and Longxi. Traveling north along the ancient road leads to Xiquqiu and Qinyi, the homeland of Qin State, and then to Yongdu, the important town of Qin State. This road has a very obvious advantage, that is, take Longxi directly, then use Longxi as the forward base, and then leave Chang'an eastward.

In this way, when attacking Chang'an, they will no longer be attacked by the enemy and fight on two fronts.

The "baoxie road" is a main passage, and the road conditions are slightly better than the other two mountain roads. During the pre-Qin period, this road was usually taken. When King Zhou You traveled from Guanzhong to Hanzhong, he walked this "Baoyan Road". At the time of the Qin and Han Dynasties, Liu Bang was named the King of Han. He entered the Western Han Dynasty from the "Midnight Road" and burned the plank road of the "Midnight Road". Later, the plank road was built in the Ming Dynasty and Chencang was darkened. He entered Guanzhong from the "Old Road into Shu" and finally unified the country. .

The two roads to the south of Hanzhong are "Jinniu Road" and "Micang Road". The "Taurus Road" is very famous, and to the south of the road is Guansai Jiameng of Shu Kingdom. Jiameng Pass is located in the north of Guanghan County, Yizhou. It borders the Western Han Dynasty (Nanzheng) in the northwest. The terrain is dangerous. It is the way that the Qin State entered Sichuan during the reign of Qin Huiwen. The “Micang Road” is an extremely difficult and dangerous road. Between the lofty mountains and the places where wolves and tigers are infested, it can lead directly to the capital city of Pakistan. Shu Road is difficult, and it is difficult to climb to the sky. One of the two roads is the ghost gate guarded by the fortress, and the other is the steep cliffs infested by wild beasts.

The last passage in Hanzhong is the waterway, which is the only waterway. It descends eastward along the Han River to reach the Eastern Hanzhong (Shangyong) controlled by the Chu State. This road is called the "Han Waterway". The "Han River" is different from other land routes. The river is torrential, and it is barely possible to go down the river. It is absolutely impossible to sail against the current and upstream. After Qin and Chu acquired the Eastern Han Dynasty, why didn't they go upstream and attacked the Eastern Han Dynasty? It was because in Hanzhong there was no way to upstream along the Han River.

The six roads connecting Hanzhong to the outside are all difficult and dangerous. Although the "Old Road into Shu" and the "Baoxie Road" are easier to walk, they are only relatively speaking. As for the "Meridian Road" and "Micang Road", they are even more difficult and dangerous. They only have the name of the road, but not the reality of the road. Some are just lofty mountains, wolves, tigers and leopards. The only waterway, the "Han River", is even more exotic, and it can go down but not up.

Qin State wanted to capture Hanzhong, so he could only make ideas from the three mountain roads: "Old Road into Shu", Baoxie Road, and "Ziwu Road". Among the three roads, the "Baoxie Road" was the one with the best road conditions. It used to be connected to Baoxie. China and the Western Zhou Dynasty were the roads. As for the "old roads" and "meridian roads", it was impossible to drive horses or horses. Therefore, the Qin State rebuilt the "Baoyan Road" that fell into disrepair in the middle of the Qinling Mountains for decades. Now, the broken sections on the "Baoyan Road" have all been opened up, only waiting for the Qin Army to use them.

However, Qin Ci Gong Gong did not order to go south to Hanzhong, he was waiting, waiting for the imminent civil unrest in Jin. As he expected, the civil strife in Jin finally broke out. Jin Chugong was forced to flee to Qi, and unfortunately died on the way. In 455 BC, Jin was completely in chaos. The three families of Chi, Han, and Wei surrounded the Zhao family in Jinyang, and a tragic offensive and defensive battle kicked off.

Qin Jun had already smashed his arms and was waiting for him. When the soldiers heard of the chaos in the Jin Kingdom, they knew that the time had come for Qin to go south, and several generals even asked Qin Chong Gong to fight. At this moment, Qin Ci Gong Gong has been on the throne for more than 20 years. He himself is an aggressive monarch. He has been honed in the position of the monarch for so long, and he has become more scheming. At this moment, he is determined not to send troops and has to wait for promotion. The four major families of the country decide the outcome before making plans. Qin Ci Gong Gong successfully persuaded the generals to sit on the mountain and watch the scenery.

Two years later, the Battle of Jinyang ended. With Han and Wei's counter-attack, Zhao, Wei, and Han Da broke the Zhi clan, and Zhi Yao was defeated. When the news came, Qin's ruling and opposition parties shook. Not only did the generals in the army reiterate the old saying, they demanded that they go south to Hanzhong, and some even demanded that their troops be sent to Hexi to retake half of the Hexi occupied by the Jin. What is unbelievable is that Gong Gong, the Qin Clerk, resisted public opinion and refused to send a single soldier. After another year, the civil war in the Jin Kingdom came to an end. Zhiyao's tribe, Zhikai, led some of the Zhi family's army and followers, fled Jin and went to Qin assassin Gong Gong. It stands to reason that Shanxi’s civil unrest has already decided the outcome and can send troops to the south.

However, Qin Ci Gong Gong still couldn't bear it. He didn't move. He just prepared military supplies and trained his soldiers. In 451 BC, in the second year of Zhikai's departure to the State of Qin, the Qin army finally launched a campaign to conquer Hanzhong, along the "praise ramp" where King Zhou You was praised by beautiful women, and headed south to Hanzhong.

At this moment, the division of Han, Zhao and Wei into Jin is a foregone conclusion. Among the three kingdoms, only Wei borders Qin. The enemy to the east of the Qin State was only Wei State's family, and only Wei State cared about the Qin army's attack on Hanzhong. The Han and Zhao families were naturally happy to watch from the wall, sitting on the head of the city to watch the scenery. Without it, the two countries of Han and Zhao didn't have any personal pain, and they were happy that Wei was not in a state of power.

After waiting for more than two hundred years, Hanzhong, where Qin people had been dreaming, finally became within reach.

The Shu Kingdom did not have many troops in Hanzhong. The Qin army's attack came suddenly and fiercely. When he was caught off guard, the Shu army immediately suffered a big loss. After paying a small price, the Qin Army finally captured Hanzhong. The Shu people, who had been bewildered by peace and tranquility for more than two hundred years, finally tasted the bitter fruit of failure. With a loud slap in the face, Qin Jun also replied the shame of several people at Ma Yongdu.

After the victory of Hanzhong, the Qin army did not sit back and enjoy the success, but built cities and towns, making Hanzhong a county of the Qin State, and Nanzheng as its governing place. After the capture of Hanzhong, Gong Gong planned to rule the area for a long time, using Hanzhong as a springboard, and then went south to Shu. He took a series of measures and quickly stabilized the hearts of the people in Hanzhong, built a city, rewarded farming, and Hanzhong became a strong city.

The subsequent state of Qin had a tendency to be out of control. The Qin assassin Gong Gong made thick and thin, and the soldiers pointed northward, fought against Yiqu repeatedly, and captured the king of Yiqu. Quiet like a virgin, moving like a rabbit. The forbearance before going south to Hanzhong finally brought harvest to Qin Ci Gong Gong. The distant Yue State also came to Qin Ci Gong Gong to be happy at this time, and by the way, he married the princess of Qin State. Yue State and Qin State, one in the southeast and the other in the northwest, are very far apart. This marriage may be the longest marriage in the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

In 443 BC, Qin Ci Gong Gong passed away. Among the more than 30 monarchs of the Qin Kingdom, his merits can be ranked in the top ten. The death of Gong Gong Qin spurred like Mount Tai to fall, causing Qin to immediately lose an experienced and mature king, triggering a series of political and military incidents, these incidents are almost all detrimental to Qin, but also devastating. .

Two years after Qin Ci Gong's death, the enlightened dynasty, who had already waited impatiently, marched northward and regained Hanzhong's strategic location. Hanzhong has only existed in the territory of Qin for ten years this time. It can be seen that the enlightened dynasty was not a sheep to be slaughtered, but an ambitious and enterprising dynasty. At this time, the monarch of the Qin Kingdom was Qin Zonggong, a handsome young man. He was at odds with several members of the clan in the dynasty, and the Qin dynasty showed instability factors. It must be said that the time when Shu regained Hanzhong was chosen very well. Without Hanzhong, the young Qin Xiangong was helpless. He could not control the entire Qin State and could not organize an effective counterattack.

When Qin was busy fighting internally, the Yiqu who was maimed by Qin assassin Gong Gong was also ready to retaliate against Qin. In 430 BC, Yiqu went straight down the mountain and attacked the Weishui River all the way, and Guanzhong shook. The young Qin Xiangong couldn't bear the tremendous pressure, and a year after Yiqu's invasion, he died in depression.

Then came the famous "four generations of chaotic politics and the vassals under Qin" in the history of Qin, which lasted more than 30 years.

At this time, the Jin Kingdom completed the transformation of the three divisions of Jin, Wei Wenhou worked hard to govern, and Wei was strong and powerful, and began a merger war on the Hexi area of ​​the Qin State. The era of the "four generations of chaotic politics" of the Qin State was exactly the period when the Wei State conquered the entire territory of Hexi, with both internal and external troubles. The most commendable thing about Qin during this period was to regain Hanzhong after losing Hexi.

In 387 BC, Qin again aggressively attacked Shu and captured Nanzheng. When Shu occupied Baohan, Shu King Du Shang named his brother Du Jiameng as Hanzhong Hou, and designated Mianzhong and Jiameng as the country of Ju, and established the vassal vassal. At this time, Chu set up Hanzhong County in the area of ​​Eastern Hanzhong to imprison the Qin, and the area from the west to Shiquan County was under its jurisdiction. The name of Hanzhong first appeared in historical records, and before that, it was divided into Nanzheng and Shangyong.

After the Shangyang Reform, the State of Qin became an increasingly powerful military power. In 316 BC, the Qin State Zhang Yi, Sima Cuo and others led their troops to swallow Ju and destroy Shu, and the land that was praised by the Han was returned to Qin. In 312 BC, the Qin attacked Chu and took six hundred miles to relocate Hanzhong County and merged the upper reaches of the Han River into it. It was one of the 36 prefectures in the early Qin Dynasty, and Xicheng County was established at the beginning of the prefecture. This is the history of Hanzhong before this dynasty.