Rebirth 2008: I Can Make Money Reading

Chapter 216 The Materials Mu Yang Wants to Develop (Order)

May 4th.

The Chinese contestants, guidance experts, coaches and translators who participated in the World Skills Competition are going back to China.

Mu Yang boarded the plane again, feeling a little scared.

The plane he took didn't have any first-class cabins, even if there were, and he was too embarrassed to take the first-class cabins, the air tickets were arranged uniformly by the country.

Taking a long-distance plane is too frustrating, Mu Yang came to his seat and closed his eyes.

He is thinking about which technology to buy is better.

The general direction already exists, and that is the material.

The material industry is at the most upstream of the manufacturing process, and the quality of materials directly affects the quality of products.

Taking semiconductor materials as an example, most of the country currently relies on imports. Local semiconductor material manufacturers can only meet about 20% of demand, and most of them are low-end materials. Materials that are actually used in high-end fields such as discrete devices and integrated circuits are not many.

However, Mu Yang is currently unable to engage in semiconductors. The investment in this industry is too large, and the reading system level is not enough.

Currently the most suitable material for him is metal.

Although my country's manufacturing industry has developed rapidly over the years, it relies on rough processing of materials and assembly of end products.

There is a saying that "if the foundation is not solid, the earth will be shaken". At present, a large number of core key materials still need to be imported, and the self-sufficiency rate of key new materials in my country is only 14%.

Next year, the country will promulgate the 12th Five-Year Rules, that is, from 2011 to 2015, my country needs to make breakthroughs in as many as 650 directions of industrial basic materials, basic parts/components, basic processes and industrial technology foundations, while the "new material industry A series of policies such as the 13th Five-Year Plan are more committed to upgrading "Made in Huaguo" to "Created in Huaguo", breaking the situation that Huaguo is highly dependent on foreign imports for a large number of core key materials.

Now, if Mu Yang is engaged in this area, it just happens to meet the policy, and he will gain a lot of voice in the future.

Even if it's not for the right to speak and collide with policies, in Muyang's future layout, materials must be produced. This is related to his foundation. Without materials, he can't produce many high-end equipment.

Cook without rice!

No matter how awesome the technology is, it is helpless.

There are many metal materials that our country relies on imports, just to give a few examples.

90% of high-speed rail gear transmission boxes rely on imports, and 100% of braking devices rely on imports;

99% of auto automatic transmissions are imported, and 99% of chains and steel belts for CVTs are imported;

Our country manufactures 99% of the equipment and parts in electric kettles, but we just can’t manufacture small springs that automatically trip and cut off the power. Manufacturing 100 kettles is not as profitable as Eagle Country’s manufacturing of a small spring.

...

There are too many, Mu Yang knows this situation and feels very puzzled.

There are many reasons why domestic high-end materials are inferior to others, mainly equipment, technology, formula and so on.

Even after ten years, there is still a big gap between my country's key metal materials and the world's advanced countries.

Some materials may still be imported and bought, but some materials, such as high-temperature alloy steel products for aerospace, are important strategic military materials, and developed countries never export them.

After thinking through metal materials, his thinking became much clearer.

Sometimes it is more annoying, too omnipotent and also troublesome, just like a person who has arrived at the meal and doesn't know what to eat.

very tangled.

There are many kinds of metal materials, and he was thinking about which one to start with.

Mu Yang opened his eyes, pulled out the folding board of the back seat of the plane, took out the paper and pen, and summed up what metal materials he wanted to make.

If the purpose is to solve certain technical bottlenecks, maybe its market size is very narrow, but if there is a lack of this type of material, then this technology will not be able to break through, and it can no longer be measured simply by money.

For example, if the armor of a tank is made of super-strength alloy steel, no armor-piercing projectiles can penetrate it. Regardless of the missile shock wave and high temperature wounding, this tank is a bit abnormal, and it can also develop in the direction of lightweight.

The same material armor is used on ships and aircraft carriers, and there is no need to worry about torpedoes, that is: hit whatever you want, you hit yours, and I hit mine!

As long as I don't fail, and I still have ammunition, no one is afraid of anyone.

Damn, if you really have this kind of material, then you can play as much as you want.

Yes, I am not afraid of any bullshit missiles.

If there is a machining center tool that is super wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant, and its toughness is not bad, it seldom breaks and has a long service life. For a large machine tool with tens of millions or even over 100 million Even a small blade costing tens of thousands of dollars will be willing to invest, because there is no need to worry about the need to change the tool during the processing. Once the tool is changed, it has to be readjusted, which is too troublesome and time-consuming. For this tens of millions of processing centers, the depreciation cost of equipment per hour is hundreds of dollars.

Of course, to achieve this function, the material is a bit abnormal. Mu Yang estimates that with the current reading system level five, or even level six, it is impossible.

But the weakened version is also acceptable.

The few national contestants next to him saw Mu Yang writing something, and they were also a little curious, mainly because their butt hurts from sitting, it was too boring, and they wanted to find someone to chat with, and Mu Yang was the best chat partner .

These people have been incorporated into the Xinghai Group by Mu Yang, and now is the best time to make connections. If they get off the plane and come to Xinghai Group in the future, then they will have nothing to do with them.

"Mr. Mu, do you know how to draw?" A national contestant sitting behind Mu Yang asked.

"Uh, it's not painting, just write casually, think about what metal material is the most awesome now." Mu Yang joked, it is impossible to tell the truth to these people.

But when he said that, the people around him became curious, and the topic of the topic suddenly opened.

"Of course it's ultra-high strength, ultra-high toughness, ultra-high wear resistance, ultra-high temperature resistance, and super easy to process." An eighteen-year-old national contestant said.

"That's impossible. This kind of material is too contradictory. Metal materials have a characteristic, and one who knows about mechanics knows it.

The higher the tensile strength of a material, the harder it is and the more wear-resistant it is, but the less ductile and tough it is.

vice versa. Xiang Feng said, "Boss Mu, I'm right." "

"Yes, Xiang Feng is right. Strength and toughness are two extremes in different directions, but there are some that are more balanced. The metal materials research institutes are also exploring the materials you mentioned."

It’s a bit like Captain Mei Guo’s shield in the movie. It can resist missiles, and it can also reduce the impact force and high temperature. Mu Yang wants to ask Steve, Captain Mei Guo: “Aren’t your hands afraid of being hot? fold?"

Of course, for Marvel movies, you don’t have to worry about these loopholes, it’s just like reading a novel, just enjoy it.

Watching movies and reading novels is to relax, not to find fault with the eggs. Isn't this embarrassing other screenwriters.

Turning back to the topic, it is very important to study materials to understand the properties of metal materials mentioned by Xiang Feng.

To give a typical example, the blades of kitchen knives used at home are quenched to enhance the hardness. However, the blades are easy to collapse, that is, after the blades are quenched, their toughness becomes worse.

The hardness of materials is usually represented by Brinell hardness, Roller hardness and Vickers hardness. They are three different measurement methods with different units.

Plasticity is often expressed by elongation, which is easier to understand: the original 100 mm long steel bar will be broken when it is stretched to 125 mm, and its elongation is (125-100)/100=25%!

For example, the steel bar Q235B used in building houses has a hardness of about 150 Brinell hardness and an elongation of about 22%.

For household kitchen knives, the hardness of the blade reaches 50HRC (converted to 490 Brinell hardness), and the elongation may be less than 10%!

Some kitchen knives sold on the street are used to cut pure iron wire with a hardness of only seventy or eighty Brinell hardness.

Of course no problem!

Compared with seven or eight times the hardness!

It's just that the knife sold to you may not be so good.

Next time you give the opponent a piece of cast steel to chop and see if he can chop it easily.

Of course, if you are acting like this, you must be prepared to run away and be prepared to be hacked with a knife.

Mu Yang continued: "There are too many metal materials, and one person can't remember so many. Generally speaking, it is not necessary to memorize so much. As long as you are familiar with the effect of each element on the material, you can analyze it from the chemical composition of the material. What properties does the material have?"

"So powerful?" A national contestant was a little surprised.

"For example, if more than 12% of chromium is added to steel, it will have anti-corrosion performance. Like the common stainless steel 304 in our daily life, the chromium content can reach about 18%." Mu Yang said, "There are thousands of metal materials, but the commonly used elements There are only a dozen kinds, and I just need to remember what the elements are used for in steel, and when I encounter a material I don’t understand, I look up its chemical composition.”

"It turned out to be like this. After saying this, the train of thought will clear up. Mu Yang, you are really amazing."

Even Xiang Feng from Shanghai Jiaotong University couldn't help but admire him. After Mu Yang said this, he probably understood a little bit.

Mu Yang smiled, this is knowledge that a senior welding engineer should know.

After chatting with them for more than ten minutes, Mu Yang narrowed his eyes and didn't want to talk anymore. Everyone saw him squinting and thought he was going to rest, and they didn't want to disturb him anymore.

Mu Yang squinted, troubles came again, he also had some headaches to develop some metal materials.

Mainly too much variety.

Some can make money, but it is useless for his future layout;

Some can’t make money at all, so you can brush up achievement points. If it involves military use, it’s not suitable to publish it. It’s impossible to write papers or patents. future layout.

There are also some that can make money and have a great layout for his future. He likes to do this kind of work.

Mu Yang thought it over carefully, and still started from the perspective of making money and the country. His current wealth has reached a certain level, and he urgently needs a certain right to speak and status.

What kind of metal materials the country currently relies on, and those that have an impact on its future layout and do not affect making money can be done first.

For example, the metal materials currently relied on by this company include aluminum alloy automobile body panels, high-strength aluminum alloys, high-purity metal targets, aerospace titanium alloys, high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel, free-cutting stainless steel, hydrogen storage alloys, 690 alloys, high-performance Copper alloys and more.

After eliminating one by one, Mu Yang soon knew what material he was going to make.

Titanium!

Titanium alloy has high strength and low density, good mechanical properties, high specific strength, good toughness and corrosion resistance.

Accurate point data, the density of industrial pure titanium ρ=4.5g/cm3 (0.57 times that of iron), the melting point is 1725°C (about 1450°C for steel), and the tensile strength σb=539MPa (about 345MPa for civil steel bars). The thermal strength is high and high, the operating temperature of titanium alloy can reach 500°C, and that of aluminum alloy is below 200°C.

From such a comparison, the advantages of titanium are clearly seen from the data.

It is also this feature that is widely used in the manufacture of aircraft, rockets, missiles, spaceships, chemical machinery and instruments.

For example, the weight of titanium alloy in military aircraft accounts for a very large proportion. The F-14 accounts for 24% of the total weight of the aircraft, the F15 accounts for 31%, and the SR is as high as 73%.

However, titanium also has significant disadvantages.

Titanium has high chemical activity and has strong chemical reactions with O, N, H, CO, CO2, water vapor, ammonia, etc. in the atmosphere.

Therefore, smelting is very difficult, and it needs to be in an inert gas or vacuum environment, which is why the price of titanium remains high.

In 10 years, the price of ordinary civilian titanium alloy plates, rods, and wires is 150-280 yuan/kg.

The price of military titanium alloy is generally not less than 400 yuan, and the highest can reach 1300 yuan/kg, which is ridiculously expensive.

In fact, the ingredients are similar, but the price difference is very large, the reason is the high performance and stable batch quality.

The demand for titanium, if it is less than a fraction of that of steel, can be ignored.

At present, the annual output of titanium alloy processing materials in the world has reached more than 40,000 tons, and there are nearly 30 types of titanium alloys. The widely used titanium alloys are Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-l-2.5Sn (TA7) and industrial pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3).

There are several domestic manufacturers of titanium, such as BAO Steel Group Shencheng Wugang Co., Ltd., Jinling Baotai Zhonghui Group Co., Ltd., Zhangjia Hongda Steel Pipe Factory, Baotai Group, etc., but they are all low-end.

Most aerospace titanium alloys still rely on imports.

Even if it is not in the aviation field, it has a broad market in the civilian field. Because titanium alloys are "biophilic", they are widely used in the manufacture of medical devices, such as human hip joints, knee joints, shoulder joints, elbow joints, skulls, and active hearts. Flap, bone fixation clip.

The content of this chapter is relatively hard-core, but each new technology must be briefly introduced, otherwise the following content will not be understood. Old farmers have been working on materials for many years, but they don’t have much contact with titanium alloys. There may be mistakes and omissions. Please point them out. After reading the literature for a few days, re-reading the previous books on titanium, and then summarizing it, I had a headache for a few days, and finally sorted it out. I have tried my best to simplify it.