Rebirth of science and technology academic master

Of course, the Tokmak device also has major shortcomings.

The Tokmak device needs to start the plasma current through an ohmic transformer, and needs to consider issues such as twisted membranes, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc. These shortcomings make the Tokmak device prone to rupture and instability, and can achieve one minute , 100 seconds are considered good. It is very difficult to make a major breakthrough on this basis.

Therefore, a group of scientists developed a stellarator. This stellarator is different from the Tokmak device. It is a magnetic confinement fusion experimental device with an additional spiral winding. It consists of a closed tube and an external coil. The closed tube is in the shape of a straight line, a "runway" or a spatial curve. Common stellarators have two or three pairs of spiral windings. The former has a magnetic surface shape similar to an ellipse, while the latter is approximately triangular. Currents of equal magnitude and opposite direction are passed through adjacent spiral windings. After the magnetic field generated by the spiral windings is combined with the longitudinal magnetic field, the magnetic field lines undergo rotational transformation, thereby constraining plasma without longitudinal current.

The biggest advantage of the stellarator is that it can operate continuously and stably. It does not need to start the plasma current through an ohmic transformer like the Tokmak device, and it does not need to consider issues such as twisted membranes, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall membranes, etc., which is equivalent to The technical difficulty is transferred to the engineering difficulty.

Therefore, many scientists believe that stellarators may be the most suitable type for future nuclear fusion power plants.

Internationally, two major schools have been formed as a result, one is the Tokmok device school mainly based on Russia and China, and the other is the star-like device school mainly based on Germany and Japan.

From an international perspective, the experimental parameters obtained by stellarators are already better than those of tokamak of the same scale. Since the degree of freedom of non-axisymmetric systems is greater than that of axisymmetric systems, the possible magnetic field configurations in stellarators are far more than those of tokamak. mark.

Of course, the stellarator is not perfect, and it also has major shortcomings. The disadvantages of the stellarator are the high level of neoclassical transport and the complicated manufacturing and assembly of coils and coil support structures.

For stellarators, they are constantly pursuing the improvement of superconducting materials, hoping to develop a material that can achieve superconducting at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, so as to create larger artificial The electromagnetic field is used to constrain the plasma, thereby solving many problems faced by stellarators today.

Qin Yuanqing is actually not optimistic about tokamak devices, nor is he optimistic about stellarator devices. The reason is very simple. They have been born for half a century, and the research has been almost done. As a result, the current results are not substantial. Fly over.

If we place our hope on the existence of room-temperature superconducting materials, let alone controllable nuclear fusion projects, many energy problems can be solved even if there is no controllable nuclear fusion.

Professor Ma was startled, but still said: "It is not impossible to build a brand new device that can use magnetic confinement to achieve controllable nuclear fusion, but it is a lot of work and difficult to implement!"

"And even if we develop devices that are more advanced than tokamak devices and stellarators, they will only solve a small part of the problem, because we are basically at a loss in the theoretical field of controllable nuclear fusion!" Professor Ma said.

There is a famous saying in physics that more is different. Although the motion of plasma can be summarized by Maxwell's equations, and even quantum mechanics cannot be used, the number of particles in the entire system is an astronomical number. The difficulty involved is definitely nerve-wracking.

"I think the theoretical field is not a problem. In fact, I said a few years ago that the theory of controllable nuclear fusion has been solved. What is lacking is the development and consolidation of technology in related fields. The reason why I proposed to promote controllable nuclear fusion at this time Fusion technology is because currently, China has the foundation to achieve controllable nuclear fusion!" Qin Yuanqing said with a smile.

He knew what Professor Ma was talking about in the theoretical field, which was nothing more than the motion of ions in the device. The motion of ions was very complex.

Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.

The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.

Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".

Therefore, many times, when researchers "diagnose" plasma, they can only construct some phenomenological models to help with the study, just like when studying fluid turbulence.

But for Qin Yuanqing, these problems that troubled physicists were solved a few years ago. He even built a model, but he just did not publish the results.

The experts present looked at each other in confusion, but when they saw Qin Yuanqing, who was smiling and full of confidence, they did not dare to raise questions.

Because it is very simple, Qin Yuanqing is the greatest mathematician and the greatest physicist in the world today!

Either you don't speak, and when you speak, you represent authority!

If you want to refute authority, you have to go through a series of research and master solid evidence to refute authority.

"The technical experts here are basically writers engaged in the research and application of nuclear physics. The problems you are worried about actually do not exist. The theoretical problems have long been solved. With the establishment of the project, you will come into contact with the people you used to know. Without access to knowledge, I can see scenery that I couldn't see before!" Qin Yuanqing said with a smile.

"Of course, this does not mean that there are no difficulties in controllable nuclear fusion. In fact, there are still many technologies that we need to study. I have already listed it in the project proposal. Controlled nuclear fusion requires the development of thousands of technologies. Breakthrough, that's exactly what happened. The research has given 4 years. It is expected that the technology will be fully mature in 2025 and construction of nuclear fusion nuclear power plants will begin!" Qin Yuanqing emphasized the technical difficulties that need to be overcome in controllable nuclear fusion.

"In fact, the ten nuclear power plants currently under construction have a total of second-phase projects. The first-phase project is currently completed, and the second-phase project is being carried out with all efforts. In addition to the design, space has been reserved for the transformation of the nuclear fusion reactor. That is to say, once the controllable nuclear fusion technology is fully mature by 2025, the current nuclear power plant will be transformed into a controllable nuclear fusion nuclear power plant!" Qin Yuanqing said.

Some of the experts who participated in the meeting looked calm, as if they had known about it for a long time, while others had shock in their eyes, obviously it was the first time they had learned about the inside story.

After all, some of the experts here have only developed over the years and are qualified to understand this kind of thing.

This is the way the world is. What you know is what your identity and influence allow you to know. There are still many things that you cannot access.

The truth is cruel, but this is the truth of the world!

Just like the Internet world, maybe you think you know everything, but in fact what you know is only what you want to know. It is only fragmented and not the truth!

"Academician Qin, in the project proposal, you listed a technical research cost of 100 billion yuan. It will cost 20 billion yuan to transform a nuclear power plant into a fusion nuclear power plant. Is this technical research fee too high? This is more than The total cost of nuclear research in our country is over!" A leader of the financial department mentioned the cost issue.

For departments with financial power, the issue of money is always their concern!

Regardless of the fact that the national fiscal revenue is getting higher year by year and there is a fiscal surplus every year, in fact, the fiscal expenditure is also getting higher year by year, and the funding allocation for all aspects is increasing every year. As everyone often says, The landlord’s family has no food left!

Among the three project proposals proposed by Qin Yuanqing, the research funding for anti-gravity technology is the lowest, requiring only 2 billion yuan, while the total funding for controllable nuclear fusion reaches 300 billion yuan. As for the 'Double Ring Space Station', it simply makes the financial department gnash their teeth and feel sad. When they see the project construction cost of more than 3 trillion, they will feel dizzy.

If it were possible, the financial department would veto it without hesitation, folding their arms and saying "no money," but it just doesn't work!

"The relevant scientific research funding of 100 billion yuan is not high, I think. If you are not willing to invest 100 billion yuan in scientific research funding, then I am personally willing to bear this part of the cost, but the related technology patents generated must belong to me, I don't know Can you?" Qin Yuanqing looked at the leader with a half-smile and said.

Are you kidding me? The ITER project took more than 10 years to build, with a total cost of nearly 10 billion U.S. dollars. And this is not the U.S. dollar today, but the U.S. dollar in 1998. It is definitely more than 100 billion yuan now, but the result is already The major participating countries are about to lose their patience. They don't know how much money they need to invest to see the commercial application of controllable nuclear fusion!

If a complete set of controllable nuclear fusion technology can be mastered with 100 billion yuan, then there will definitely be countless countries waving their money and throwing it at them.

"As you all know, development was greatly affected last year. The GDP growth rate was only 5%. There was a lot of fiscal expenditure, and we were under great pressure!" The leader of the financial department smiled and said: "But, controllable nuclear fusion has a thousand Billion technology research expenses, I think this money is worth investing!"

Are you kidding? The social and economic benefits generated by controllable nuclear fusion technology were measured in 10 trillion yuan that year. It can completely get rid of China's energy crisis and solve energy bottlenecks. It can truly make China China confidently shouted: Our goal is the stars and the sea!

Not saying anything, as long as China masters controllable nuclear fusion, even if China’s electricity bills are reduced by half, it will still be profitable, and all walks of life can increase profit margins, especially low-end manufacturing, and they can survive in China. good.

If Qin Yuanqing is really allowed to pay for it himself, then by the time controllable nuclear fusion technology is really born and mature, it is estimated that the technology licensing fee paid to Qin Yuanqing a year will be more than 100 billion yuan!