Rebirth of science and technology academic master

Helium 3 is a helium isotope gas. The gas is colorless, tasteless, odorless and stable!

Of course, what makes helium 3 most famous is that it is the key fuel for controllable nuclear fusion.

The 21st century has set off a frenzy of moon landing plans because helium 3 is the key fuel for controllable nuclear fusion, equivalent to oil in the future era. Whoever seizes more helium 3 resources will have more say in future energy.

Because helium 3 is caused by solar radiation, and because the earth’s magnetic field is relatively strong, only a very small amount of it can penetrate the earth’s magnetic field and reach the earth. The reserves of helium 3 accumulated on the earth over billions of years are only a few hundred kilograms, which can be mined. The amount used is estimated to be less than 100 kilograms.

The moon is different. The moon has abundant helium-3 resources, which are evenly distributed on the moon. The total amount exceeds one million tons of helium-3 resources!

It is precisely because of this that the current controlled nuclear fusion experiments in various countries around the world use the reaction of deuterium and tritium to form helium 3, and then carry out the nuclear fusion reaction.

For China, this is also a step that must be taken. Without the powerful energy provided by controllable nuclear fusion, trying to extract helium 3 from the soil on the moon is undoubtedly a dream and almost impossible.

Chang'e 5 wasted all its efforts and could only bring back 10 kilograms of lunar soil from the moon, and bringing back 10 kilograms of lunar soil at one time is already a large amount. As for the helium 3 content in the lunar soil, only 4-5 grams of helium 3 can be extracted from 1 ton of lunar soil. The amount of helium 3 that can be extracted from 10 kilograms of lunar soil is simply negligible.

Therefore, the "Golden Crow Device" designed by Qin Yuanqing also had to first react with tritium and deuterium to form helium 3, and then use helium 3 for nuclear fusion reaction.

The plasma fluid phenomenon involved is a difficult problem. How to ensure the stability of the material in such a complex energy reaction is also a top priority.

The high temperature generated by nuclear fusion is as high as 50 million degrees Celsius or even 100 million degrees Celsius. No material can withstand such a high temperature. Therefore, from the beginning when scientists studied controllable nuclear fusion, they never thought of developing a material that could withstand temperatures of 50 million degrees Celsius or even 100 million degrees Celsius.

From the beginning, the idea of ​​controllable nuclear fusion is to constrain the fusion high-temperature region through magnetic fields so that the device materials are not in contact with the fusion high-temperature region. In this regard, whether it is a tokamak, a stellarator, or the 'Golden Crow' designed by Qin Yuanqing device', are essentially the same.

Tokamak uses the light pressure generated by many laser beams evenly distributed at various angles in spatial orientation to bind the nuclear fusion material in the middle. The stellarator uses a ring-shaped electromagnetic field to confine the fusion material within a ring to achieve the purpose of confinement.

The reason why the controlled nuclear fusion experiments of both devices are still in the second era is that neither the tokamak nor the stellarator can guarantee the effective restraint of the fusion nuclear fuel during the nuclear fusion process. Maybe nuclear fusion can be maintained for an initial period of time, but in the middle and later stages, it will definitely become chaotic!

The 'Golden Crow Device' designed by Qin Yuanqing is actually shaped like a Bagua. The two fish eyes in the middle are constantly reacting, and the high temperature is limited within the Bagua shape, so that inside this powerful magnetic field, the high temperature will not directly interact with the device materials. contact to ensure the occurrence and continuation of the reaction.

However, this device requires He3 atom probe technology to ensure that the reaction in the reaction device can be detected at any time.

In the cutting-edge research field of theoretical physics, for an unpredictable chaotic system, a common approach is to throw a particle into it to explore the path. By observing the particle, the system is observed indirectly.

The key fuel for controllable nuclear fusion in the device is helium 3, not deuterium or tritium. The reaction between deuterium and tritium is to form helium 3, and helium 3 is what carries out the nuclear fusion reaction, so detecting helium 3 is the real key.

Furthermore, the atomic diameter of helium 3 is small enough and the nuclear structure is stable, which not only avoids indistinguishable polyatomic collisions as much as possible in a probabilistic sense, but also makes it easier to pass through the plasma.

Observing helium 3 atoms through the He3 atom probe is of great significance. An introduction to the observation of helium 3 atoms can also provide a glimpse into the nuclear fusion reaction.

"Set a palm-sized target material on this device to capture helium-3 particles emitted from the atomic gun. By recording the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the collision of helium-3 and tritium atoms during the emission cycle, and the final impact of helium-3 on the target, Using data such as the energy carried by the material, impact angular momentum, etc., we indirectly analyze the data carried by the plasma under high temperature and pressure!" Qin Yuanqing put forward his own ideas, then compiled them into documents and handed them over to a professional team for research and experiments.

And this team, which itself is from Shuimu University, is already the best in the country. Whether it is the advanced level of experimental equipment or the researchers, they are among the best in the country!

Only by accumulating enough data in experiments can Qin Yuanqing establish corresponding mathematical models based on big data and make further judgments.

The controllable nuclear fusion project involves not only physics-related fields, but also chemistry, mathematics, etc. Because it involves enough disciplines, the entire project requires more than 50,000 researchers.

Each technology is either carried out by a team or carried out by multiple teams, and each technology has a dedicated technical person in charge. These technical persons in charge are undoubtedly world-class scientists and among the Chinese scientists. of elites.

It is precisely because of this that Qin Yuanqing is confident that he can complete the laboratory-stage accumulation of controllable nuclear fusion within 4 to 5 years, declaring that China has mastered controllable nuclear fusion technology.

Otherwise, it would take at least twenty years for him to achieve controllable nuclear fusion!

Qin Yuanqing is not enthusiastic about ITER because he is not optimistic about ITER. This project started in 1985, and he wants to build the first experimental fusion reactor. He hopes to build an experimental reactor in 2010 to achieve a power output of 1,500 megawatts. The cost is US$10 billion. But from the beginning, ITER was full of ups and downs, especially when the United States withdrew midway in 2000, which almost caused ITER to be stillborn. It was not until 2003 that, as the energy crisis intensified, countries began to pay attention to it again. In particular, China announced its participation in the ITER project, which prevented ITER from being stillborn and even the United States returned to the ITER project.

However, even if China is such a powerful force, since the ITER project was officially established in 2005, the cost has increased from the original 10 billion US dollars to 12 billion US dollars. However, the reactor was originally planned to be fully completed in 2015, but the ITER plan has been continuously postponed. Until now, it is still Unsuccessful.

In Qin Yuanqing's view, controllable nuclear fusion technology requires a powerful country to invest huge amounts of money and persevere to overcome difficulties before it can truly be seen. If it is an organization involving multiple countries, people are not unified, each has their own interests, and there is no scientist with enough prestige to act as the coordinator, it is simply harder than reaching the sky to control nuclear fusion with sight!

So far, such a super project has never been completed by a multi-national cooperation organization.

This is why Qin Yuanqing strongly promoted the controllable nuclear fusion project. China invested huge sums of money and mobilized huge manpower and material resources to carry out it. This is why!

On the other side, after receiving the document from Qin Yuanqing, the team responsible for researching He3 atomic probe technology began to conduct research.

"It's incredible. A probe called helium 3 is inserted into the plasma, and its size is only as small as an atom!" A young researcher was shocked.

Their research team was just established, specializing in He3 atomic probe technology. When they first saw the name of this technology, they felt baffled. After all, it was unheard of, and how to get started?

The key is that the funding for this He3 atom probe technology is very high, with a scientific research funding of up to 10 million yuan.

This is the team that has participated in the most scientific research funding, no matter which researcher it is.

"It sounds difficult and incredible, but I believe that Academician Qin will not slap his head casually. What we have to do is to conduct experiments according to Academician Qin's plan and realize this He3 atomic probe technology!" This technology The person in charge is a scientist named Lin Yingming, who is 56 years old and has just been elected as an academician.

Lin Yingming was born in Shuimu University. After graduating from Shuimu University, he studied abroad and received a doctorate. After working at Princeton University for a period of time, he returned to Shuimu University to teach in 2011. He watched Qin Yuanqing create his godhead with his own eyes. For Qin Yuanqing, He is no different from other young people, he is a fan of Qin Yuanqing.

He knew very well that once this He3 atom probe technology was successful, it would undoubtedly be a Nobel Prize-level invention!

The Nobel Prize not only rewards great theoretical discoveries, but also rewards major inventions that have changed human civilization.

There is no doubt that once this He3 atom probe technology is successful, it will promote the development of the entire controllable nuclear fusion project! Considering that Shuimu University has given birth to Nobel Prize winners one after another in recent years, as the person in charge of this technology, there is no doubt that he is very likely to be elected as a Nobel Prize winner!

After all, Qin Yuanqing, who is higher up, has announced that he will no longer participate in any award selections, so the honor will naturally fall to those at the bottom.

Thinking that he might win the Nobel Prize, Lin Yingming's pupils became brighter and brighter, and he became more and more excited.

This kind of thing that brings fame and fortune can't be obtained even by burning incense and worshiping Buddha.

Lin Yingming led the team and began to study this He3 atomic probe technology. While Qin Yuanqing was paying attention to the He3 atomic probe technology, he continued to improve the 'Golden Crow Device'. After all, the Nuclear Industry Group will enter the site to start construction in 2022. Construction, he must complete the 'Golden Crow Device' before then, otherwise there will be no way to start construction of the device.