Rebirth of South America as King

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The world situation in August 1869 was relatively calm. In the South American continent, as two ironclad ships with a displacement of 3,500 tons entered the South Rio Grande navy sequence, new changes took place in the turbulent South American countries.

Before the Paraguayan war, the Brazilian Imperial Navy had five iron armored ships with a displacement of more than 3,000 tons. During the war, three iron armored ships fell into the hands of the Chinese troops, leaving the formerly powerful Brazilian navy with only two large iron armored ships.

The land area of ​​Brazil is close to that of the mainland, and the coastal area is more than ten thousand miles from north to south. The area of ​​the territorial sea and the area under actual control is about twice that of the mainland.

The five or six million square kilometers of sea and territory are obviously insufficiently defended only by the defense of two large iron armored ships. The leader of the Brazilian Empire, Pedro II, and many noble bureaucrats naturally noticed this problem, but the negative impact of the failure of the Paraguayan war was Profoundly, one year after the war, the Brazilian Empire not only lost the two southern states, but also ceded over 100,000 square kilometers of land to Uruguay, Bolivia, and Peru.

The border between the Three Kingdoms and the Brazilian Empire belongs to the tropical rain forest area. The weather is hot, hot and rainy, and most of the areas are not suitable for human habitation. The land ceded to the Three Kingdoms was all illegally seized by the Brazilian Empire in the past few decades. After the Three Kingdoms, although the price was not small, it was acceptable. The southern two states occupied by the Principality of Rio Grande do Sul are superior in natural environment, but because of the lack of local mineral resources, they occupy a small proportion of the economy in the overall composition of the Brazilian empire. The greatest harm to losing the two states is the authority of the Brazilian imperial government. The impact on economic benefits is limited.

The defeat of the war, the humiliating cessation of territory, the Brazilian empire's external calm year, but this drastic change occurred internally, the northern landowner class in Fortaleza, Recife and other places far from the core of the Brazilian empire's rule was not satisfied with Pedro The Second Law on Pardoning Black Slaves, through the defeat of the Paraguayan War, the weak opportunity for imperial central rule to continue to pressure Pedro II, first to fight for the economic autonomy of the local states, and then after the benefits were met, they had to be offered to give The military rights of local states, the Brazilian empire imitated the Holy Roman Empire system in Europe, replacing the federal system with a loose confederation system.

The words Confederation and Federation are simply reversed, but the actual meaning is completely different. The states of the Federation have obtained certain autonomy in the economic and political fields. Local residents can choose a parliament that represents local interests to implement internal governance. What about Confederation?

Confederate states form a state by name. In fact, the state governments have the same powers as ordinary states. They can establish their own military forces and implement independent foreign policies. The Confederate government has no power to interfere with local states. It can only be a superficial central government. government.

After the independence of the United States, a loose confederation system was implemented. Then civil war broke out between the North and the South. After the rise of Napoleon, hundreds of large and small states in the Holy Roman Empire were destroyed by the French army, and the Holy Roman Empire was dead.

Shortly after the end of the American Civil War, Pedro II, the important European Confederate nation combination, was the subject of special understanding. The harm caused by the confederation system between the two countries was obvious. Even Pedro II ’s performance Showing an enlightened democratic monarchy does not allow the Brazilian Empire to be divided in his hands.

After completing the transaction of transporting immigrants with the Chinese National Defense Forces and redeeming more than 20,000 captured Brazilian soldiers, Pedro II resolutely rejected the request of the northern forces represented by the white landlords of Recife and increased the siege. Rebel forces in various places deter local forces that do not obey the central government.

The return of more than 20,000 soldiers with combat experience, the tension in the Brazilian empire's military strength has been largely relieved, and in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the Paraguayan war, Pedro II decided to re-establish himself as a monarch by completely abolishing the slave system image of.

In March 1869, Pedro II, in spite of the opposition of Duke Frobert and other nobles, insisted on issuing a decree to abolish all slaves in the Brazilian Empire.

The decree stipulates that black slaves in Brazil can obtain freedom from their slave owners by paying a ransom.

The amount of black slaves' ransom converted into silver is about fifty-two silver. It is a year of military defense for ordinary soldiers of the National Defense Forces. The land of the Principality of Rio Grande do Sul is fertile and the price of food is about half of that in the Central Plains. Bad habits, fifty-two silvers are enough for Chinese soldiers to live above the food and clothing line, but fifty-two silvers are a lot of money for black slaves who are penniless. They need three or four years under the decree. Work here to earn ransom in exchange for freedom.

Pedro II wanted to abolish the slavery system for a long time. In 1850 he announced that he would continue to ban slaves from Africa from entering Brazil. In March, he abolished the slavery system based on Tsarist Russia ’s abolition. Some changes adapted to the local conditions in Brazil, such as in order to take care of the interests of white slave owners and prevent the majority of white slave owners from being forced to the opposite side, the decree stipulates that slave owners can give priority to recruiting their former slaves to work, and the wages of slaves can be adjusted according to circumstances. Properly reduced, on the other hand, except for blacks who joined the army, blacks with ordinary slave status retained their slave status before paying the ransom, and the slave owner still had control over the slaves during this period ...

Tsarist Russia ’s abolition of serf law has huge loopholes and shortcomings. In Russia, a large number of serfs have become capitalist cheap labor due to lack of money in exchange for freedom. The living environment of many serfs has not only improved, but has become more difficult.

The weather in Russia is extremely cold and the serfs can bear hardships and endure hardships. Black people living in tropical regions cannot work efficiently for a long time because of environmental influences. The ransom of fifty-two silver may become a cost that black slaves cannot repay.

Although the slave abolition decree made many provisions to take care of the interests of slave owners, white slave owners who focused on their actual interests still regarded Pedro II ’s behavior as a betrayal to them. Some slave owners publicly made opposition to the abolition of slaves. Most people are observing in the dark, and are prepared to make relative coping measures according to the changes in the domestic situation in Brazil.

The slave abolition decree continued to be implemented against the opposition of white slave owners and manor owners. Hundreds of small insurgent forces against slave abolition were suppressed by the army. The first batch of 30,000 black slaves entered the army, adding Pedro II. Military strength.

More than five months have passed since the rebellion and crackdown. The slave abolition decree has been implemented on the surface in Brazil, and Pedro II's reputation has spread again in Europe and the United States to first advocate the abolition of the slave trade in Britain. Headed by European monarchs, they praised Pedro II as a powerful reformer alongside Russian Tsar Alexander II, a model of monarchy in a civilized country, and the United States on the other side of the continent also praised Pedro II as a kind and enlightened Monarch.

The reputation brought by the abolition of slavery law has on the surface suppressed the impact of the defeat of the Paraguayan war. Domestic comprador bourgeoisies made profits by hiring cheap black slaves to make up for the losses suffered during the war. Therefore, public opinion controlled by the comprador bourgeoisie Newspapers overwhelmed the opposition of white slave owners ~ www.wuxiaspot.com ~ which caused Pedro II to make a wrong judgment. He believes that after the abolition of slaves and the reform laws promulgated in Brazil, the state of the country is stabilizing. Develop military forces to curb the development of Paraguayan and Chinese forces.

After a year of recovery, the Brazilian regular army recovered to a size of more than 100,000. Pedro II originally planned to recruit 50,000 black slaves again at a low military cost, and set up a black army that was obedient to the generals, but the British built for the Chinese. After his two iron armored ships passed near the coast of Brazil, he had to change his plan.

After the addition of two new armored ships, the Rio Rio Grande Navy ’s main iron armored ships reached five, and the National Defense Forces Navy surpassed the Brazilian Navy in the number and tonnage of the main warships.

Brazil's major cities are located in turn along the Atlantic coast. Brazil without sufficient naval protection is a girl with open clothes in front of the Chinese Navy. During the war, it will be randomly attacked by the Chinese Navy, which will affect the entire war.

The size of the Wehrmacht navy ’s fleet exceeded Pedro II ’s bottom line. After learning of the news, he did not summon the Duke of Alzheimer ’s Otter and Garcia, who had been in trouble because of the abolition of the slavery law. , Ready to buy larger tonnage iron armored ships from the United Kingdom to maintain its advantage over the Wehrmacht navy. Find this site Please search for "" or enter the URL: