Rebirth of the New Farmers in the 1980s

After pondering for a while, Mi Guangnan asked Wan Feng a question: "Boy, since you are going to make a chip, let me ask you, can you explain clearly what a chip is?"

If the answer to this question can be described in an allegorical way, the old sheep will be frozen to death in June -- it's a long story.

"In one sentence, a chip is a microcircuit."

Mi Guangnan nodded: "Yes, then can you explain in detail?"

How does this feel like facing an exam?

"When you talk about a chip, you can't talk about an integrated circuit. The invention of the integrated circuit in the 1950s greatly improved the efficiency of discrete transistors. By integrating countless discrete microtransistors into a small pure silicon wafer, a chip appeared. It is different from discrete transistors. Compared with it, there are two huge advantages, one is cost and the other is performance.”

Mi Guangnan showed interest: "Go ahead."

"The cost is low cost. This is because the chip prints all components as a unit through photolithography technology, instead of making only one transistor at a time, which greatly reduces the material cost of making a single transistor."

Mi Guangnan nodded.

"The high performance is due to the fast switching of the components, which consumes less energy and produces more efficiency."

"Although the explanation is a bit general, it is roughly correct. I didn't expect you to actually do research on chips. So can you tell me about the chip processing process?"

Wan Feng didn't quite understand this question before. It's not that he didn't read it on the Internet in his last life, but it was too boring and meaningless. He just glanced at it and didn't remember much.

But recently, when I was chatting with Gu Hongzhong and Qin Guanghui when I had nothing to do, Gu Hongzhong once used a saying of building a house to let Wan Feng remember the chip production process.

"We know that the steps to build a house are the main steps of laying the foundation, laying the walls, and putting up beams and capping the roof, right?"

Mi Guangnan and Wan Shouwu nodded.

"If making a chip is likened to building a house, the first step is to lay the foundation for the chip. After many experiments in the early years, foreign countries have determined that the best material for making the foundation of the chip is a wafer, that is, a single crystal silicon sheet. It is the entire building. The quality of the foundation directly determines the quality of the superstructure."

"continue!"

"Don't look at the high-end appearance of monocrystalline silicon wafers, but it is not noble at all. In common terms, it is sand, and in elegant terms, it is called quartz sand. There is also a large amount of silicon in cement. The single crystal silicon used to make chips Silicon wafers have very high requirements for purity. Even if the purity cannot reach 100%, it must reach 99%. Since the first silicon wafer was produced in our country in the late 1950s, there are more than 30 It has been making silicon wafers for more than 20 years, so it can meet our needs at this point.”

Seeing that the people at the wine table were listening intently, Wan Feng took a sip of the drink to moisten his throat and continued.

"It doesn't mean that there are no other materials that can be substituted besides monocrystalline silicon, and gallium arsenide can also be used. Our country seems to have successfully manufactured it in the 1960s."

"In 1962, a factory in Tianjing produced gallium arsenide."

"Now that we have the materials, we start to lay the foundation. These pure silicon are made into silicon rods, which become the carrier of quartz semiconductors for manufacturing integrated circuits. Slicing them is the wafers required for chip manufacturing. The thinner the wafer , the larger the diameter, the lower the production cost, but the higher the requirements for the process."

Mi Guangnan couldn't help but nodded.

Originally, he was just asking casually, just to see how much oil and water was in the belly of this little guy who was talking about making chips, but he didn't expect this guy to talk like a river.

"With the foundation, we officially started to build the building. From smearing to development, etching, drying and manufacturing, the process is very complicated and requires extremely high craftsmanship. We are now lagging behind foreign countries at this stage."

Mi Guangnan's face was slightly heavy.

"After this stage, grid-shaped grains are formed on the wafer. The electrical characteristics of each grain are tested by needle testing.

Fix the manufactured wafer, bind the pins, and make it into various packaging forms according to the needs, and the house will be built. "

"Your explanation is very interesting. After listening to your explanation, it seems that you didn't make a decision to make a chip because of your blood. Obviously, you have done enough homework. I don't know how much you know about the current chip industry? What about the future of the chip? How much prospect is there for development?"

"The 386 is the mainstream chip in the world now, and the 486 is next... It's the end of April today, and Intel's 80486 has been released, right?"

"80486?" Mi Guangnan was a little confused, he really didn't know that this legendary chip had been released.

"The 80486 is a continuation product based on its previous generation 80386. The instruction set is very similar to the 80386. Only a small number of instructions are added, and the structure has a great breakthrough. It has a built-in data cache chip, a floating-point processor, and Multiple pipelines. 1.2 million transistors, and the process has reached one micron. This should be the last chip at the micron level. After that, the chip process will enter the nanometer era, from 500 nanometers to 350 nanometers to ten nanometers."

"Ten nanometers?" Mi Guangnan was beyond shocked.

What is this concept? A human's fine hair is 60 microns, and one micron is equal to one thousand nanometers.

This ten nanometers?

"Will it really get to that stage?"

"I can be sure that if you keep healthy, you may see it when you are in your seventies."

Mi Guangnan frowned and remained silent for a long time.

"Boy! Tell me about your plan."

"Intel's chips are about to enter the nanometer stage, and I estimate that it will appear in another five or six years. The gap between us and others is already a little far away. If we don't hurry up, this market will be completely occupied by others. In the future, this may be a A market of hundreds of billions of dollars. This is the purpose of our determination to develop chips. If we just talk about making money, it’s a bit vulgar. In the future, the military industry will also use a lot of chips. Think about our missile aircraft using foreign chips , do you think this is a reassuring thing?"

Mi Guangnan's expression became serious.

"It really makes sense!"

"This is not important. Once the war comes, and foreign cards will not supply us with chips, do we still have a chance of winning?"

There was a qualitative change in Mi Guangnan's gaze when he looked at Wan Feng, and this level of thinking was higher.

"So, we want to develop chips and semiconductors, even if we sell iron, but we lack talents. Uncle Mi, do you have any ideas about working in our company? How much money will I give you, and I will give you three times the wages, including Your team."

There is no pressure on Xiang Wanfeng to poach corners, and the existence of such an enterprise is not of much value.

It might be a good thing to fall now.

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