Reborn Technology Scholar

Yes, this kind of strange phenomenon is present in the field of scientific research at present.

Many talented people in the United States no longer enter the fields of scientific research and engineering as before, but choose to enter the financial field. After all, finance can make money much faster, and it is easy to become millionaires, multimillionaires or even billionaires.

On the contrary, researchers engaged in scientific research can earn more than 100,000 or 200,000 U.S. dollars a year, and those in the engineering field can earn less than 100,000 U.S. dollars a year. Unless they are truly powerful, they can earn more. This amount of money is compared to that of China.

Researchers are indeed good, but you have to know that the purchasing power is not necessarily the same. Maybe researchers and engineers can still have enough food and clothing, but they definitely can't live a good life.

As for China, it has cultivated a large number of researchers and engineers in the past two decades, so much so that many scholars in the field of social sciences openly proposed that China's demographic dividend is almost coming to an end, but China's engineer dividend has just begun.

Look at every Internet company and computer company, how many programmers work overtime every day to type code tirelessly. Overseas companies need a month, but Chinese companies dare to produce results in a week. The results are not only better but also cheaper.

996 is a blessing!?

For Internet companies, 996 is indeed a blessing, because programmers don’t know that they work more than 15 hours a day and sleep directly in the office.

As for dating, programmers will only despise you. In their eyes, girlfriends are scary creatures, and I’m still single!

As for engineering men such as civil engineering, it is even more common for them to go directly into the deep mountains and old forests as soon as they graduate. They build tunnels and build bridges. There is not even a village within a hundred miles. It is common for them to eat and live on the construction site and live an isolated life.

Life.

So, there are no infrastructure maniacs here. They are just a group of engineering men silently venting their energy and squandering their youth in the wilderness.

How many engineering men vowed to be in love with their girlfriends when they graduated, and they agreed to get married at the end of the year. They went to Shangoogou, and when they had tens of thousands of dollars in their pockets, they happily went to find their girlfriends to get the certificate. In the end, they often saw their girlfriends.

Holding the hand of a strange man was extremely intimate, even with a pregnant belly, and he somehow became his ex.

Then, I was given a good guy card!

Yes, things are so cruel!

Even Zhang Xuefeng gritted his teeth when talking about his major, and advised people who are taking postgraduate entrance examinations not to apply for these majors.

It is precisely because of the engineer bonus that the United States often proposes a concept and it is still in the ppt stage. As a result, it doesn't take long to turn around and find that China has already realized the concept and entered the mass production stage.

Take a look at the Ford-class aircraft carrier, which is known as the most advanced nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the world. However, after more than ten years, it is still far away from being put into service, let alone forming combat effectiveness. China's 003 aircraft carrier has already been launched.

It will be officially put into service in the next two years and handed over to the Navy to enter the naval combat sequence.

The same situation is true in the field of quantum computers. The United States occupies the dominant position in chips and has a huge advantage. However, as a latecomer, China was surprised to develop the first quantum computer before the United States, and this quantum computer

The birth of it was the result of the hard work of many engineers day and night, which led to its first birth.

In society today, there is a saying that it took four generations of sacrifices for the birth of the Chinese Republic, that it took a generation of sacrifices to build an industrialized country from an agricultural country, and that it took a generation of sacrifices to build an industrialized country from the ground up.

Industrialized countries became modern industrialized countries.

There are only a few people who can truly understand the bitterness of this.

Qin Yuanqing saw the quantum computer project team, hundreds of gray-haired old people. These were the millennium. The country officially established a project to develop quantum computers. These years were still in their prime. As a result, nearly twenty years later, they

They all turned into a gray-haired old man.

For example, one of them, Academician Guo, in the 1990s, learned about the poor status of domestic quantum information field, resolutely resigned from his professorship abroad, gave up the generous salary conditions, and chose to return to China!

After returning to China, Academician Guo started from scratch, building a team bit by bit, and led China's quantum information industry from the extremely ignorant era to the proud achievement of now being able to rank among the world's first-class teams.

Even when the funding for scientific research was insufficient at the beginning, Academician Guo donated all his accumulated salary income overseas.

"Teacher, Academician Qin is here!" Professor Pan said respectfully to Academician Guo.

Speaking of which, Professor Pan is still a student of Academician Guo, but Academician Guo has always kept a low profile and rarely appeared outside. Starting in 2010, he directly pushed the young and powerful Professor Pan to the position of leader of quantum computers, allowing him to lead quantum computers.

Move forward.

"Academician Guo!" Qin Yuanqing hurriedly stepped forward to shake hands with Academician Guo. Qin Yuanqing also admired this old academician.

When he returned to China, Academician Guo was in his prime, giving advice and scolding Fang Qiu. However, more than 20 years later, Academician Guo has become gray-haired and thin. He devoted his best youth to the country.

, dedicated everything he had to the rejuvenation of China.

"Academician Qin, I have to trouble you!" Academician Guo smiled kindly: "These people have already achieved their best, but their talents are limited and they cannot make greater breakthroughs."

"Academician Qin should also know the importance of quantum computers. Once the United States takes the lead in mastering a complete quantum computer, then China may face a blockade in the field of quantum computers, and we will have to suffer the hardships of traditional computers again.

." Academician Guo said.

Qin Yuanqing nodded solemnly, and then declined the welcome banquet proposed by President Bao of the University of Science and Technology of China. Qin Yuanqing immediately invested in the research and development of quantum computers.

There are three theoretically feasible ways to implement quantum computers - one is a superconducting circuit, the other is a semiconductor quantum chip, and the last one is an ion trap.

Because China's work in this area started too late, China is far behind the United States in the two implementation forms of superconducting circuits and ion traps. This backwardness is not just one or two positions, but

A distance of tens to hundreds of meters.

As for semiconductor quantum chips, they are barely at the same level, but still lagging behind the United States.

It can be seen that the leading position and heritage of the United States in the field of science and technology are indeed very terrible. And you must know that the United States has been groping for many years. As a result, China has spent the past thirty years running, even

I was chasing at rocket speed, and now I could see the back of the United States.

As for quantum computers, they belong to a new field, and the difficulty of developing a quantum computer can be imagined.

What conditions need to be met for a usable quantum computer?

The fidelity of single-qubit logic gates and dual-qubit logic gates must reach more than 99%, while the number of qubits must reach more than dozens, and the operation speed and decoherence time should be within a reasonable range.

To put it simply, there are four conditions in total:

The first is qubits, which are just like the bits of a classical computer. For a classical computer, the more bits there are, the larger the number of operations can be, and the stronger its ability. The same is true for quantum computers.

The second is quantum logic gates. Just like the AND, OR, NOT and other logic circuits of classical computers, single-qubit logic gates and double-qubit logic gates are the basic units of quantum computers.

The third is fidelity, which needs to reach 99%, that is, only one calculation error can be tolerated in a hundred operations. The purpose is to successfully complete quantum computing, and the error rate of each logic gate cannot exceed 1%.

The fourth is the operating speed and decoherence time. The faster the former, the better, and the latter, the longer the better, but often both cannot be satisfied at the same time.

Among these four conditions, the one that best reflects the quality of a quantum computer is the first one, the number of qubits.

Why does the world think that so far, there is no real quantum computer in the world and does not recognize the quantum computer of the University of Science and Technology of China as the world's first quantum computer? It is because these four conditions have not been met.

What Qin Yuanqing needs to solve is the semiconductor quantum chip and algorithm. The semiconductor quantum chip is okay, Qin Yuanqing only needs guidance, and naturally there are researchers to do it. As for the algorithm, Qin Yuanqing has to do it himself.

Qin Yuanqing's work on quantum semiconductor chips mainly focuses on semiconductor materials and chip design. To a large extent, semiconductor materials can be said to be one of the important factors that restrict the improvement of chip qubits. This part of the research work is extremely important.

On the other hand, chip design is another core focus.

Qin Yuanqing did not study according to the current chips, but chose carbon-based chips!

At present, the development of global semiconductor materials is approaching the physical limit. TSMC, the strongest in the field of integrated circuit foundry, has completed the commercial mass production of 3 nanometer process and plans to put it into production in 2020. As for the 2 nanometer process, it is also moving forward and is estimated to be close to

Research and development completed.

Among China's strongest semiconductor manufacturers, they are basically stuck on the 7nm process, and there is still a two-generation gap with TSMC. Even Huaxin Technology, with strong support from Qin Yuanqing, has only just mastered the 5nm process.

Commercial mass production will not be put into production until at least 2019.

Qin Yuanqing does not believe that traditional semiconductor chips can be suitable for quantum computers. He is more optimistic about carbon-based chips. After all, traditional semiconductors have reached their physical limits, the ceiling is clearly visible, and their potential is almost exhausted. Using traditional semiconductors

, is undoubtedly inappropriate. If you want to achieve a breakthrough in this area, you must shift your attention to other places and find other semiconductor materials to break through the bottleneck.